Community Action and Tiger Conservation: Assessing the Role of Social Capital

Tiger conservation often requires local-level support to avoid facing serious political challenges. In order to address the political challenges, the social capital of communities can be utilized to create community action and to help understand local dynamics. We studied the social capital in two villages bordering Corbett Tiger Reserve, India. Our results indicate that social capital of local communities is a significant determinant of potential for community action to support or oppose tiger conservation outcomes. Our results also indicate that specific components of social capital (solidarity, reciprocity and cooperation, networks, and mutual support) were critical in this potential community action. Further, the data suggest that the decline of social capital was led by the financial disparities created by unplanned growth of tourism outside the reserve boundaries. We suggest that policy and management interventions should consider social capital of local communities and ways in which it may support tiger conservation in India.     

海南省地方坐标到国家2000坐标转换方法研究

自2011年7月1日起,海南连续运行卫星定位综合服务系统（简称HiCORS ）正式进入试运行阶段,并向用户提供CGCS2000坐标服务。但目前,海南省测绘局所提供的数据均采用海南平面坐标系,这给海南省使用CGCS2000坐标服务的用户带来了很大的不便。因此,本文提出了一种将海南平面坐标下的数据转换为2000国家大地坐标系下的方法,并通过实例验证了这种转换方法可行且精度较高。     

地方坐标系与CGCS2000坐标系转换方法的研究

探讨我国常用坐标系与CGCS2000坐标系的转换方法.以平面四参数、三维七参数数学模型为基础,分析其不同转换模型的内涵和适用性,并以MATLAB为平台实现常用坐标系到CGCS2000国家大地坐标系的转换,转换结果达到厘米级,满足实际工作的精度要求.     

基于WorldView-2遥感卫星影像局部控制纠正精度分析

利用不同数量平面控制点对0.5 m WorldView-2卫星影像进行纠正,并对产生的误差进行比较。     

北冰洋太平洋扇区碳循环过程对环境变化响应的研究进展与展望

全球碳增汇需求高涨,海冰消退后的北冰洋被期待是一个主要的潜在碳增汇区。北冰洋太平洋扇区因受控于楚科奇海及其邻近海域较高的海洋固碳效率和碳深海封存量,在整个北冰洋碳循环中起着举足轻重的作用。开展该海域碳循环过程对环境快速变化的响应机制研究是实现北冰洋碳汇精准预测的基础。本文重点阐述了楚科奇海及其邻近海域碳循环过程（即海洋对大气二氧化碳的吸收、生物固碳、太平洋入流携带碳经陆架生物地化过程后向深海输出封存的陆架泵）对北冰洋环境快速变化的响应,并提出未来研究需要聚焦的关键科学问题。     

局部动态最优Voronoi图的NNI算法及其在格网数字水深模型中的应用

在分析传统自然邻点插值(NNI)算法局限性的基础上,依据Voronoi单胞和Delaunay三角形的几何特性,提出基于局部动态最优Voronoi图的NNI算法。阐述该算法的基本原理和实现步骤,并在VC++环境下结合多波束测深数据对其在格网数字水深模型(Grid-DDM)中的应用进行了验证。试验表明该算法具有执行效率高、插值精度不丢失等优点。     

基于CGCS2000下地方大地坐标基准的建立与应用

随着现代空间定位技术的发展,原有地方独立坐标系统和控制测量成果存在诸多的问题,迫切需要建立基于CGCS2000下的新一代地方大地坐标基准。文中对地方坐标系的建设要求进行分析,研究新一代地方坐标系的参数选择和首级控制网的布设方法,并运用实际案例进行说明。     

Regional land-use allocation using a coupled MAS and GA model: from local simulation to global optimization,a case study in Caidian District,Wuhan, China

China is facing the pressures of both rapid economic development and environmental protection, and land-use allocation optimization is an important way to manage the conflicts between these pressures and to achieve sustainable development. Optimization of land-use allocation is a nonlinear multiobjective spatial optimization problem, and a purely local simulation model or global optimization model is insufficient to solve it. It is essential to bridge the gap between the two models through the combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. This study integrates a multiagent system (MAS) that simulates the behaviors of land-use stakeholders with regard to their choices of specific locations, with a genetic algorithm (GA) that simultaneously evaluates and optimizes land-use configurations to meet various regional development objectives. The model is expected to achieve the optimization of land use in terms of the composition and spatial configuration. Caidian District, Wuhan, China, was chosen as the study area to test the model in this paper. The results show that the performance of the coupled model is superior to a pure GA model or MAS model. The optimal configuration improves on the economic output, spatial compactness, and carbon storage of the current configuration and promotes sustainable regional land-use development from the local scale to the regional scale.     

Urbanizing the periphery: infrastructure funding and local growth coalition in China’s peasant relocation programs

The Chinese State has addressed the dilemma between urban growth and farmland loss by launching mass peasant relocation programs. By moving peasants into high-rises and reclaiming their living space, arable lands are created to counterbalance the farmland loss. However, the current infrastructure funding model, which relies on local government’s bank loans, falls short of supporting the relocation programs. This paper explores this latest phase of urbanization in China by examining relocation programs in two counties in Chengdu, Sichuan and Shangqiu, Henan – before and after the transition to private investment. The paper reveals that private investors are becoming the main funders of relocation programs, and that the transition to private investment in relocation programs resulted in power reshuffle within the local growth coalition, compromises by the local government and consequently the exacerbation of peasant conditions. The paper concludes by reflecting on the social consequences of the transition, specifically benefit encroachment and risk transfer.