区域近震直达纵波走时变化和小震活动规律

以震报震是我们测震学预报地震方法中的一种。各个区域每年发生的小地震事件较多,了解区域小震与小震之间的联系规律,对于今后发生的地震,我们可以通过近期发生的地震,找出未来应力变化的区域,对潜在震源区提前做出预判,也为今后大震发生找出点研究线索。本文通过对区域直达纵波走时的变化来研究地下应力的变化,从而了解区域地震与地震之间的活动规律。     

Enacting separate social worlds: ‘International’ and ‘local’ students in public space in central Melbourne

In creating separate and distinct spaces and forms of socialising for themselves, ‘international’ and ‘local’ university students in central Melbourne are influenced by three key, spatially-linked processes. The first is institutional - it includes the allocation of international students to a certain type of housing which differs from that chosen by local students, and the practice of universities, student clubs and local churches to gather international and local students into separate groupings. The second is locational. It is the process by which international students find themselves living principally in and around the edge of the central city, an entertainment district with rowdy characteristics that these students often find distasteful. Local students, in contrast, locate in the inner suburbs for the most part, at a distance from the city centre hotspot. The third process sees socialising habits that are enacted in and by virtue of the public places in which they occur. This self-enacting socialisation further separates local students from international students. All three processes demonstrate how certain characteristics of the built environment can be invested with particular meanings and become complicit in shaping racialised social interactions.     

海风锋在渤海西岸局地暴雨过程中的作用

利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站资料、多普勒雷达观测资料及中尺度TJ-WRF模式输出资料,对2009年7月6日天津宁河地区出现的暴雨天气过程进行了分析,重点分析了渤海湾海风锋对沿岸局地暴雨的触发机理。结果表明：此次局地暴雨过程是在有利天气背景条件下发生的,暴雨发生地存在局地层结不稳定和较好的水汽条件。海风锋本身有一辐合抬升区,区域内有弱对流存在;当海风锋移到局地存在层结不稳定且水汽充足的区域,其抬升区的辐合上升运动迅速加强,从而触发该地区雷暴的新生发展;海风锋与迎面移来的雷暴相遇,会对雷暴的加速发展起到加强作用。利用中尺度WRF模式输出资料进行分析看到,两条辐合线相交处易激发出强雷暴,雷暴出现在近地层大气暖干区的北端、湿空气的交汇处;海风锋对雷暴的新生发展有明显的触发抬升作用。     

近48年城市化发展对北京区域气候的影响分析

利用1961～2008年北京12个台站的气候观测资料, 研究分析了北京城区和郊区气温、降水、相对湿度、风速的年际和四季变化趋势及特点, 并探讨了城市化发展对北京区域气候的影响。结果表明: 近半个世纪以来, 平均气温上升明显, 其中尤以冬季最为突出, 而夏季最弱。通过气温变化的年代比较发现气温增加有加快的趋势, 尤其是城市地区, 导致热岛效应不断加强, 特别是1990年代以后增幅更加明显。最高和最低气温在近48年来也都呈上升趋势, 且城市化发展对最低气温的变化影响最大, 其次是平均气温, 对最高气温影响最弱。而降水有减弱的趋势, 尤其是夏季的降水减弱最为明显。城区的风速和湿度都呈减小的趋势, 这与城市化的加剧, 尤其是下垫面的变化有密切的关系。     

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基于均匀化理论的土石混合体应力应变关系

将土石混合体等效为理想的二元介质混合材料,假定块石元为理想的脆弹性材料,土体元为典型的弹塑性材料。选取邓肯-张模型定义土体的本构关系,引入块石元局部应变系数建立土石混合体代表单元体积平均应变与其中块石元、土体元微应变的桥联关系。通过均匀化理论对土石混合体代表单元的一般应力应变关系进行了详细探讨。选取广东省云罗高速高填路基土石混填料中的残积粉质粘土,通过室内常规三轴压缩实验对土体邓肯-张模型的参数进行标定,描绘出不同围压及不同含石率条件下土石混合料一般应力应变关系曲线图。结果表明,均匀化理论得到的函数关系式能够较好地反映土石混合体在不同条件下的一般应力应变关系。随着土石混合体含石率的提高其抗剪能力显著增加,但当含石率小于0.3时,块石元的增强效应并不明显。     

地磁场数据处理关键技术应用

地磁场数据处理涉及的内容颇多。实际工作中,应该针对地磁场异常特点和需要解决的地质问题,必须抓住数据处理的关键技术。本文通过对已知矿区地磁场数据的曲化平、向下延拓、局部场和背景场的分离等关键技术的应用,结果表明,经三种地磁场数据处理关键技术的应用,取得了良好的地质效果。     

Characteristics of Thermally-Induced Near-Surface Flows over An Enclosed Crater： Observations of the Meteor Crater Experiment（METCRAX）

Meteorological measurements of the Meteor Crater Experiment（METCRAX） were used to analyze the characteristics of the thermally-induced flows over an enclosed crater（Arizona, USA）. Despite its relatively small size, this crater acts as an effective wind shelter. Daytime upslope winds and nocturnal downslope flows are regularly observed on its west/east sidewalls. The times of diurnal wind-direction shift（i.e., around sunrise and sunset） were slightly mismatched between the sites based on the east and west sidewalls, owing to the crater＇s shadowing effects. Under conditions of relatively weak synoptic forcing, the nocturnal downslope flows prevail throughout the night, despite quite a low wind velocity near the surface. ？     

苍峄铁矿带苍山县沟西-西官庄矿区沟西矿段(凤凰山铁矿)主井井筒检查孔水文地质特征分析

苍峄铁矿带苍山县沟西-西官庄矿区沟西矿段,又称凤凰山铁矿,为隐伏的鞍山式低品位铁矿,矿区水文地质条件属于中等型。对施工的主井、副井、进风井、东风井和西风井井筒检查孔进行了水文地质编录和分层抽水试验,以主井井筒检查孔为例,划分了4层含水段,求得了各含水层的水文地质参数,对荒径涌水量进行了预测;基本查明了井筒检查孔的含水性等水文地质特征,确定了注浆段,为矿山立井防治水方案提供了设计依据。     

Seeds for Change? Attaining the benefits of community gardens through council policies in Sydney,Australia

Modern industrial systems of food production cause a wide range of detrimental impacts to the environment, human health and society. Integrating community gardens into local food systems is one way to counteract some of those impacts. This research looks at the elements that community garden policies should contain in order to best promote community gardens and attain their benefits. Focusing on Sydney, the research evaluates and compares the quality of the community garden policies with the distribution of community gardens in local councils and across broader geographic regions. Councils or regions that might benefit from greater access to community gardens are identified and ways in which councils, and the Sydney Region as a whole, might improve their community garden policies are discussed.