郭屯矿井井筒基岩富水性分析

根据山东郭屯矿建井前施工的井筒检查钻孔钻探取心、简易水文观测、地球物理测井（包括流量测井）及结合郭屯矿井精查地质报告资料,对井筒的含、隔水层进行了划分;通过抽水试验、流量测井方法求解了风氧化带含水层、风氧化带下含水层及其各含水层分层的水文地质参数,分别预算了主井、副井、风井井筒的涌水量,并分析了郭屯矿各井筒基岩涌水量大于邻近煤矿井筒基岩涌水量的主要影响因素。     

Estimating the Predictability Limit of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific Using Observational Data

In this study, the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent (NLLE) approach was used to quantitatively determine the predictability limit of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks based on observed TC track data obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The results show that the predictability limit of all TC tracks over the whole western North Pacific (WNP) basin is about 102 h, and the average lifetime of all TC tracks is about 174 h. The predictability limits of the TC tracks for short-, medium-, and long-lived TCs are approximately 72 h, 120 h, and 132 h, respectively. The predictability limit of the TC tracks depends on the TC genesis location, lifetime, and intensity, and further analysis indicated that these three metrics are closely related. The more intense and longer-lived TCs tend to be generated on the eastern side of the WNP (EWNP), whereas the weaker and shorter-lived TCs tend to form in the west of the WNP (WWNP) and the South China Sea (SCS). The relatively stronger and longer-lived TCs, which are generated mainly in the EWNP, have a longer travel time before they curve northeastwards and hence tend to be more predictable than the relatively weaker and shorter-lived TCs that form in the WWNP region and SCS. Furthermore, the results show that the predictability limit of the TC tracks obtained from the best-track data may be underestimated due to the relatively short observational records currently available. Further work is needed, employing a numerical model to assess the predictability of TC tracks.     

转移企业地方嵌入的论争与研究动向

“嵌入”是理解转移企业与承接地集群以及全球/跨区生产网络互动耦合过程和机理的有效理论工具。自“嵌入”概念引入经济地理学以来,学界对转移企业地方嵌入意愿存在“被动”与“主动”的论争,对嵌入效应也存在积极与负面两种不同观点。通过对转移企业地方嵌入主要动因、影响因素、演进过程、区域效应等研究的系统梳理,发现不论基于“主动”还是“被动”意愿,转移企业地方嵌入都是其在“企业—地域”关系演化中维护并强化自身竞争力的地理敏感战略;嵌入过程受承接地条件、转移企业特质的双重影响;嵌入沿着“关系培育—价值链衔接—全球与地方生产网络战略耦合”的路径,逐步实现关系性嵌入和结构性嵌入;转移企业地方嵌入为承接地集群转型升级提供了“区位机会窗口”。转移企业地方嵌入研究今后需在四个方面加强和深化：一是构建一个以“关系—网络—演化”为主线的综合性分析框架;二是加强转移企业网络角色与绩效的定量研究;三是加强转移企业经济嵌入、技术嵌入、社会嵌入的相互影响研究;四是加强转移企业与承接地集群“双向嵌入”研究。     

Janus-Faced Linkages: Understanding External Actors in Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Thailand

In community-based natural resource management, there is an emerging body of research on the work of external actors and their influence in community–resource interrelationships and community management decisions. Contributing to this research, this study examined the work of external actors using findings from semistructured interviews and participant observations conducted in Klong Prasong subdistrict, Krabi Province, Thailand, in mid-2014. The external actors, through Janus-faced linkages, are able to influence community–resource interrelationships and management approaches both positively and negatively. This case study also revealed university researchers, ecotourists, and private investors as non-conventional external actors. By influencing decision-making structures and environmental stewardship, external actors impact on the governance of a community natural resource.     

Comparison of nonlinear local Lyapunov vectors with bred vectors,random perturbations and ensemble transform Kalman filter strategies in a barotropic model

The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors(BVs) are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector(NLLV) scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram–Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more components in analysis errors than the BVs.In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model.The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random perturbation(RP) technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version—the ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF)method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.     

地方高校遥感课程多元立体化支持教学模式探索

在教育部门引导地方高校转型发展的背景下,通过调查研究贵州工程应用技术学院遥感课程教学现状及学生学习特点,分析我校遥感课程在教学过程中遇到的问题,结合笔者教学实践对"多元立体化支持"下的遥感课程教学模式进行探索实验,取得了较好的教学效果,为地方高校转型发展中应用型、复合型人才的培养提供借鉴和参考。     

The stable isotopes of natural waters at the Marcell Experimental Forest

We present a new data set from the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) that compiles water isotope measurements from multiple research catchments, some of which have been studied since the 1960s. The MEF is located in northern Minnesota, USA, and is home to heavily studied and monitored forests, streams, bogs, and fens. Peat-forming systems (bogs and fens) are an important component of the MEF landscape and have a profound impact on the water cycle in these catchments. Within the last decade, analysis of stable isotopes of water (expressed as δD and δ¹⁸O) has been implemented to characterize the different components of the water budget, and to allow researchers to look at catchment and peatland-specific hydrologic effects in the watershed. This δD and δ¹⁸O data set of natural waters from MEF catchments is primarily composed of measurements from three peatlands (S1, S2, S6) during an 11-year period. More recently collection and analysis were expanded to also include samples from the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) project in the S1 bog, peatlands S3, S4, S5, as well as nearby lakes. We establish a local meteoric water line by analyzing the isotopic composition of precipitation, which fills a void in regional meteoric water lines for Minnesota. Furthermore, we establish baseline isotopic composition for bog outlet streams, bog porewater, aquifer groundwater, overland flow, subsurface stormflow, and snowpack, as well as runoff from the SPRUCE experimental chambers. These data are publicly available and will be expanded upon in the future.     

Isotopic composition of precipitation in a topographically steep,seasonally snow‐dominated watershed and implications of variations from the global meteoric water line

The local meteoric water line (LMWL), the functional relationship between locally measured values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in precipitation, represents the isotopic composition of water entering hydrologic systems. The degree to which the LMWL departs from the global meteoric water line (GMWL), moreover, can reveal important information about meteoric sources of water (e.g. oceanic or terrestrial) and atmospheric conditions during transport. Here we characterize the isotopic composition of precipitation within an experimental watershed in the Western US that is subject to large topographic and seasonal gradients in precipitation. Interpreting the hydrometeorologic and spatial controls on precipitation, we constructed a seasonally weighted LMWL for southwestern Idaho that is expressed by the equation δ²H = 7.40 × δ¹⁸O ? 2.17. A seasonally weighted LMWL that is based on weighting isotopic concentrations by climatic precipitation volumes is novel, and we argue better represents the significant seasonality of precipitation in the region. The developed LMWL is considerably influenced by the semiarid climate experienced in southwest Idaho, yielding a slope and y‐intercept lower than the GMWL (δ²H = 8 × δ¹⁸O + 10). Moderate to strong correlations exist between the isotopic composition of precipitation from individual events and surface meteorologic variables, specifically surface air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation amount. A strong negative correlation exists between the annual average isotopic composition of precipitation and elevation at individual collection sites, with a lapse rate of ?0.22‰/100 m. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河口整治工程建筑物局部冲刷试验研究

采用正态系列模型延伸法,通过试验研究了长江口深水航道治理一期工程丁坝坝头、北导堤头部的局部冲刷深度和范围,试验结果预报了丁坝坝头和北导堤头部的冲刷深度,并得出了合理的防护范围,随着长江口深水航道治理工程实施,试验结果得到较好的实践检验。分别采用稳定流和潮汐往复流试验方法,比较了不同试验水流条件的丁坝坝头冲刷深度,通过原型沙和轻质沙的比较试验,比较了系列模型延伸法采用不同模型沙得出试验结果。     

浅析GIS通信本地网管理系统的建设

通信本地网是我国公用通信网的重要组成部分, 其管理工作以往一直是由人工完成的.要做好通信本地网的管理与维护工作, 必须采用先进的技术建立GIS通信本地网管理系统, 实现电信公司通信本地网的规划设计、工程施工、运行维护管理与统计分析等的计算机化, 为各相关部门提供多专业、多层次、多目标的综合服务.详细介绍了通信本地网管理的现状, 从基于管理、人员、电信发展以及新技术的发展等方面进行分析, 阐述了建立GIS通信本地网管理系统的必要性, 详细介绍了在建设系统时需要考虑的各种技术问题: 系统设计原则、系统应该遵照的标准、涵盖的资源、系统主要功能、数据管理模式、数据库选型、硬件选型和GIS平台的选择等.还介绍了基于MAPGIS平台开发的通信网络地理信息系统在全国的应用情况.