福建省地倾斜固体潮特征及其动力学分析

利用福建地区厦门、漳州、莆田、南平、龙岩5个台站地倾斜固体潮观测资料,分别计算了地震平静期的倾斜固体潮潮汐变化特征量,并进行了对比分析;除此之外还对固体潮特征进行了地球动力学分析。结果表明,沿海地区海潮是决定倾斜固体潮特征的主要因素。     

河北省及邻区数字电扰动干扰分析

通过对河北省及邻区数字电扰动观测资料进行分析和环境调查,发现主要干扰因素为供电或漏电干扰。如:昌黎地震台地电阻率整点测量受到供电干扰,三河地震台受到恒远自动化仪表厂工作时段供电干扰,高碑店地震台受到商场大型设备供电干扰,广平地震台受到UPS交流电源漏电干扰,昌平地震台受到地铁运行漏电干扰等。电扰动干扰形态相似,均为超过本底值几倍、数十倍乃至上百倍的高值脉冲变化。     

Copula-based identification of the non-stationarity of the relation between runoff and sediment load

It is important to identify the non-stationarity in the relation between runoff and sediment load under the backdrop of the changing environment. This relation helps to further understand the mechanisms of runoff and sediment yield. A copula-based method was used to detect possible change points in the relation between runoff and sediment load in the Wei River Basin (WRB), China, where soil erosion is a very severe issue. The modified Mann-Kendall trend test method was applied to obtain the trends of runoff and sediment load spanning 1960–2010 at monthly and annual timescales. Finally, the causes of the identified non-stationarity of the relation between runoff and sediment load were roughly analyzed from the perspective of climate change and human activities. Results indicated that:(1) the runoff and sediment load in the Jinghe and Wei rivers were generally characterized by noticeably decreasing trends at both monthly and annual timescales;(2) both the Jinghe and Wei rivers had a common change point (2002), implying that the stationarity of the relation between runoff and sediment load in the Jinghe and Wei River was invalid; (3) human activities including increasing water consumption and growing application of soil conservation practices are dominant factors resulting in non-stationarity in the rela-tion between runoff and sediment load in the WRB. This study provides a new idea for identifying the non-stationarity of multivariate relation in the hydro-meteorological field under the background of the changing environment.     

多因素控制的城镇地震灾害应急处置模型研究

随着城镇化水平的快速提高,地震灾害高风险暴露城镇数量将不断增加,震后有效的应急处置尤为重要。而当前城镇的地震应急处置主要依据平时制定的地震应急预案开展,缺乏针对性与可操作性。本文以提升城镇地震灾害应急处置能力为目的,总结以往城镇地震应急处置案例,提炼城镇地震灾害应急处置流程,结合城镇特殊的社会经济、自然地理等特点,在分析影响地震灾害应急处置关键因素的基础上,按地震烈度的不同,研究构建了具有区域特征且操作性较强的城镇地震灾害应急处置模型,为城镇地震应急处置的科学化、规范化提供了参考。     

不同高度数据联合欧拉反褶积法研究

基于不同测量高度重力场及其梯度数据可同时对应同一场源并用于反演场源位置的分析原理,拓展不同高度场数据在欧拉反褶积法中的应用范围.首先,立足于对欧拉反褶积方法的理论研究基础,提出不同高度数据融合联合欧拉反演公式.其次,在理论模型上对多种高度数据联合反演做了测试分析计算,验证了不同高度场数据融合联合欧拉反褶积法能够改善位场解释中单一观测面数据计算带来的解的发散问题,收敛过程由此改善.最后,将本文方法应用于龙门山地区实际重力数据的解释,获得了研究区断裂分布特征.     

Trend analysis of nutrient loadings in a large prairie catchment

Nutrient loadings in many river catchments continue to increase due to rapid expansion of agriculture, urban and industrial development, and population growth. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies has intensified eutrophication which degrades water quality and ecosystem health. In this study, we carried out a trend analysis of total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads in the South Saskatchewan River (SSR) catchment using a novel approach to analyse nutrient time series. Seasonal analysis of trends at each of the water quality stations was performed to determine the relationships between annual flow regimes and nutrient loads in the catchment, in particular, the influence of the high spring runoff on nutrient export. Decadal analysis was also performed to determine the long-term relationships of nutrients with anthropogenic changes in the catchment. Although it was found that seasonal and historical variability of nutrient load trends is mainly determined by streamflow regime changes, there is evidence that increases in nitrogen concentration can also be attributed to anthropogenic changes.     

场地效应研究的传递台站线性反演法——以芦山地震为例

采用线性反演法研究了地震动的场地效应,并针对线性反演法的局限性,提出了"传递台站"的方法来扩展其应用.通过传递台站,地震事件不再局限于必须被参考台记录到,台站也不再局限于须与参考台站同时获取到地震记录,改进后可大大增加数据样本,使得结果更趋稳定.同时,对于原来难以参与分析的台站,也可得到其场地反应.研究中,还采用了基于遗传算法的非参考台方法,进一步分析了场地反应和验证所提方法的合理性.将所提方法应用于2013年芦山7.0级地震周边区域,分析了这一地区的强震台站的场地反应和地震波衰减因子Q_s值.研究结果显示,当采用一个和二个传递台站进行分析时,所能利用的地震事件和所能求解场地反应的台站数目逐步增加,随着数据样本的增加,分析结果趋于稳定.研究区域的Q_s值拟合结果为Q_s(f)=334.16f~(0.73).遗传算法结果表明,线性反演法中所选取的参考台站有其自身的场地反应.当利用遗传算法获得的参考场的场地反应去校正线性反演法的结果时,对于多数场地,两者的结果符合得很好,说明了遗传算法的结果可以合理地认为是场地较为真实的反应.     

基于传力路径的平面不规则RC框架结构减震设计

针对平面不规则RC框架结构,从构件安全层次出发提出基于传力路径的减震设计方法。首先根据广义结构刚度法的基本原理计算结构中所有构件的重要性系数,再假定消能支撑的截面参数,取每层最重要的构件位置布置支撑,经支撑在最不利地震组合下的轴力验算后确定支撑的最终设计参数和数量,然后考虑远场、近场有脉冲以及近场无脉冲地震动从双向输入对结构响应的影响,对减震前、后结构分别进行动力时程分析。分析结果表明,利用此方法优化布置支撑能为结构中重要构件提供有效保护,且在小、中、大震下消能支撑均能运作良好,使整体结构响应得到很好地控制。     

大同地震窗P波频散衰减的异常变化特征

通过测量介质品质因子来开展大同窗附近测震台站记录P波衰减频散特征的研究,并分析大同窗近场区和外围区震例前后的变化。对山自皂台记录的2001年以来大同窗地震序列的研究结果表明,近场区3次和外围区6次地震前,介质品质因子显示超出1倍均方差的高值变化特征,震后逐渐恢复到背景起伏状态;与大同窗传统的频次指标相比,介质品质因子的映震效果更好;阳原台的结果表明,仅近场区1次和外围区2次地震前,介质品质因子显示超出1倍均方差的高值变化特征,且有虚报、漏报。所处地质构造位置不同、传播路径介质差异可能是引起上述两个台站附近介质品质因子的地震对应效果明显不同的原因。