Maximum Force of Inclined Pullout of A Torpedo Anchor in Cohesive Beds

Torpedo anchors have been used in mooring systems for deep-water oil and gas projects owing to their prominent advantages, such as low cost and easy installation. The maximum force of torpedo anchors is crucial not only to the safety and stability of vessels and other marine facilities, but also for an economical design. It is necessary to develop reliable formula for fast predicting their maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor in cohesive beds. In this study, the maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was extensively investigated. 316 sets of inclined pullout laboratory tests were carried out for 9 differently shaped torpedo anchors which were vertically embedded in different cohesive beds. The loading curves were automatically acquisitioned and their characteristics were analyzed. The load angle relative to the horizontal varied from 20° to 90°. A new formula for fast calculating the maximum inclined force of the torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was obtained based on force analysis and a nonlinear regression on the data from the present and other studies. Effect aspects on the tests are discussed and further studies are highlighted.     

Civil 3D在港区工程量计算中的应用

港区陆域形成的填挖方量对工程经济性影响非常大,寻找精确地计算港区陆域工程量使纵向设计最优化的方法是港区工程全寿命周期各个环节的关键。基于传统方法的计算原理与应用现状分析了现有方法在港区土方计算中存在的问题,借鉴建筑信息模型BIM(Building Information Modeling)思想,对Civil3D的土方计算原理与操作流程进行研究,最后以某港区石化仓储库区场平方案为例,参考传统计算软件HTCAD的计算结果,验证了Civil3D在港区工程量计算中的便捷性与可靠性。结果显示:Civil3D的计算精度比HTCAD高7%~20%,计算速度是HTCAD的数十倍,在修改过程中计算速度达数百倍。研究成果为采用Civil3D进行港区陆域土方计算提供理论和技术依据。     

冰区海上风机支撑结构疲劳评估方法研究

采用谱分析的方法,对冰区作业的海上风机支撑结构进行疲劳损伤评估。基于风冰散布图,将海上风机所受的风载荷和连续挤压冰载荷作为系统输入,热点应力作为输出,运用随机振动理论与主应力线性化方法,对冰区海上风机支撑结构进行疲劳评估。以某2 MV海上风机支撑结构为计算实例,验证频域疲劳评估方法的准确性。频域方法与时域方法计算结果吻合较好,证明了频域方法的快速有效,可用于快速评估风机支撑结构的疲劳损伤。     

环胶州湾流域总氮总量控制指标体系研究

通过建立胶州湾ECOM三维水动力-生物地球化学耦合模型,采用浓度梯度积分法和水质模拟-数学规划法,构建了环胶州湾流域总氮总量控制指标体系,包含胶州湾总氮环境容量、环胶州湾流域污染源、子流域、行政区和入海控制单元总氮总量控制指标。结果表明:研究海域总氮海洋环境容量为1.8×10~4 t/a,且季节变化显著(P<0.05),夏季最高,春季次之,秋季和冬季较低;环胶州湾流域68个点源污染源总氮总量控制指标合计1 040.78 t/a,总氮面源总量控制指标为3 947.5 t/a;环胶州湾1 281个子流域、125个乡镇、10个区市和10个入海控制单元总氮污染物总量控制指标具有显著的空间差异(P<0.05);位于胶州湾湾顶区的入海控制单元的总氮污染物需削减量较高,位于湾口的入海控制单元需削减量较低。研究结果可为相关管理部门有效利用胶州湾海洋环境容量资源及制定相关决策提供科学依据。     

Validation of an operational forecasting system of sea dike risk in the southern Zhejiang Province,South China

In this study,an operational forecasting system of sea dike risk in the southern Zhejiang Province,South China was developed based on a coupled storm-surge and wave model.This forecasting system is important because of the high cost of storm-surge damage and the need for rapid emergency planning.A comparison with astronomical tides in 2016 and the validation of storm surges and high water marks of 20 typhoons verified that the forecast system has a good simulation ability.The system can forecast relatively realistic water levels and wave heights as shown under the parametric atmospheric forces simulated in a case study;the sea dikes in credible high risk were mainly located in the estuaries,rivers,and around the islands in the southern Zhejiang.Therefore,the forecast system is applicable in the southern Zhejiang with a support to the effective prevention from typhoon storm-surge damage.     

基于公交大数据的满载率推算方法 ——以深圳市为例

城市可持续发展需要提升公共交通的供给能力。公汽满载率是公交规划、调度和服务评价等方面的重要参数。在公交信息化水平不断提升的背景下,由公交IC卡数据和公共汽车GPS数据等构成的公交大数据为获得相对精确的客流提供了可能。虽然已有相对稳定的OD推算方法,但对于公汽满载率的研究尚不够充分。本文提出基于历史公交大数据的大规模公交出行链搜素算法,在此基础上构建公共汽车满载率数据库,并以深圳市为例揭示了高满载率线路段的时空分布特征。本文研究对于揭示公汽服务整体水平和探测关键公交廊道具有较大价值。     

确定似大地水准面的Hotine-Helmert边值解算模型

空间大地测量技术的发展使大地高的观测成为可能,从而为第二大地边值问题的研究带来了新的机遇,本文对基于Helmert第二压缩法的第二边值问题(简称为Hotine-Helmert边值问题)展开研究。首先介绍了地形直接、间接影响的定义与算法,然后推导了Hotine-Helmert边值问题的解算模型。Hotine-Helmert边值理论无须计算地形压缩对重力的次要间接影响,因而较Stokes-Helmert边值理论更简单。此外,文中引入了一种低阶修正的Hotine截断核函数,该核函数较传统的截断核函数能有效地改善似大地水准面的解算精度。为了验证本文构建的Hotine-Helmert边值解算模型的有效性和实用性,本文将EIGEN-6C4模型的前360阶作为参考模型,利用Hotine-Helmert边值解算模型构建了我国中部地区6°×4°范围、1.5′×1.5′分辨率的重力似大地水准面,其精度达到±4.8 cm。     

珠江口附近海域波浪极值推算

本文以WRF模式输出结果作为风场驱动条件,采用SWAN和WAVEWATCH III相嵌套的方法,对珠江口附近海域进行共20年(1991-2010年)的波浪场数值计算。根据计算结果,分析了该海域极值波浪特征,并使用Gumbel极值函数计算50年一遇和100年一遇波浪极值,结果显示:(1)1991-2010年间,珠江口区域最大有效波高为2.0m,万山群岛南侧可达5.0m,而外海最大有效波高可达10m以上,极值平均周期均在10s左右;(2)50年一遇和100年一遇波高在珠江口区域较小,而外海则相对较大,最大在14m以上;(3)50年一遇和100年一遇平均周期相差不大,不同海域之间相差也较小,大部分海域在10s左右,外海相对较大,可达12-14s之间。     

东中国海秋季三维环流诊断计算分析

基于2000年秋季东中国海水文观测资料,应用三维有限元模式FEOM(Finite Element Ocean circulation Model),在温盐保持不变的情况下进行诊断计算100 d,模拟结果再现了环流的主要特征:由于海表面风的影响,秋季东中国海表层的环流以西南向流为主,在10m深以下由于风的影响减弱环流特征比较清晰完整。黄海北部出现一个气旋式涡旋,10m层流速大小为5 cm/s左右;浙闽沿岸流从表层到50～60m深都是存在的,流速基本不变;台湾暖流在10m层流速较大,且向陆架方向入侵明显,但是越向下越不明显,流速也有所减小。诊断计算60d后的后报计算结果显示,松弛尺度为5d可以更好地消除资料的不匹配。因此最终在诊断计算60d后开展了松弛时间为5d的40d的强诊断计算,强诊断模拟结果显示:强诊断计算能更好的模拟东中国海环流结构,相较于诊断计算,表层流速有所减弱,10 m层流速有所加强,各层流向强诊断计算和诊断计算基本一致。     

Experimental investigation of three-dimensional earth pressure according to aspect ratio of retaining wall

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scale and load distribution of three-dimensional active earth pressure and the load transferred to the adjacent soil by changing the aspect ratio of a retaining wall through a series of model tests. In this research, 42 earth pressure plates of different heights and widths were installed to evaluate the earth pressures by considering the wall aspect ratio and the change of earth pressure. The test results showed that the active earth pressures were uniformly converged when the percentage of limit displacement against wall height was 0.12%. The distribution of active earth pressure on the wall showed a parabola shape for most aspect ratios while the wedge shape identified by the model test was similar to the shell-shaped model. In this paper, two diagrams were proposed regarding the active earth pressure according to the aspect ratio of a retaining wall; (1) a diagram of earth pressure conversion against the aspect ratio based on evaluated three-dimensional active earth pressures with traditional two-dimensional earth pressures, (2) a load transfer diagram based on the horizontal distance by analyzing the horizontal and vertical load transfer ranges with the relevant increasing rates.