多维多点虚拟激励法在ANSYS中的应用

为了进一步推广多维多点虚拟激励法在工程中的应用,以通用有限元软件ANSYS谐分析模块为平台,在结构有限元模型各支撑处激励方向上置大质量块后,直接将地震虚拟激励荷载施加于大质量块上,运用绝对位移直接求解运动方程.与传统虚拟激励法相比,该法不必将绝对位移分解为拟静力位移项和动力相对位移项,避免了求解静力影响矩阵的繁琐,能更...     

纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙片的抗震性能研究

针对低烈度区砌体结构房屋抗震的需要,本文提出利用纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙的一种廉价抗震方案。运用有限元分析软件Ansys10.0进行数值模拟分析,探讨这种加固方案的可行性,并在此基础上进行试验研究。通过纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙片在低周反复荷载作用下的试验,对墙片的破坏特征、裂缝的发展过程、滞回特性、结构延性等技术指标进行对比分析,结果表明,采用纤维砂浆带加固砌体墙有助于提高墙体的开裂荷载,增加结构的延性,改善墙体的抗震性能。     

新型超高层节能建筑抗风研究

在大气边界层风洞进行了"珠江城"商务写字楼大比例尺(1:150)模型风洞试验,通过对风洞试验数据分析,获得了基础等效静风荷载及结构顶部风致加速度响应。并将其结果与其它较小比例尺的两个风洞试验结果相对比,分析了模型几何缩尺比、周边建筑及平均风剖面对试验结果的影响。获得的结果可以为此结构设计提供风荷载,同时也为其他建筑的抗风设计和风洞实验提供技术参考。     

Water quality, nutrient budget, and pollutant loads in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farms around East Taihu Lake

To understand the factors causing frequent outbreaks of harmful algae blooms in the Taihu Lake, China, we studied water quality and nutrient budget in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farm ponds in the eastern part of the lake from November 2007 to December 2009. We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads. Materials input and output ponds, water exchange, and applied management practices of 838.5-hm2 crab ponds were surveyed using questionnaires. Water quality of 12 ponds, which were located no more than 2 km from East Taihu Lake, were monitored. The results show that water quality in the crab ponds was better than reference data. Feeds, including corn seed, commercial feed, trash fish, and gastropod, were the major sources of N and P input in the crab ponds, contributing 88.7% and 94.9%, respectively. In total, 60.5% of N and 37.3% of P were sequestered by macrophytes, and only 15.7% and 8.5% of them were discharged as effluent. The net loads of N and P in effluent were 16.43 kg/hm2/cycle and 2.16 kg/hm2/cycle, respectively, while the COD load was -17.88 kg/hm2/cycle. This indicated that crab farming caused minor negative impact on the trophic status of the lake area, which was attenuated by macrophytes. However, wastewater purification is still necessary in crab faming.     

Temporal variations of water discharge and sediment load of Huanghe River, China

Based on the data from gauging stations,the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe (Yellow)River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method.The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual,decadal,and multi-decadal scales,caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation,and El Nio/Southern Oscillation(ENSO)affects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale.The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities,and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load,furthermore,water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load,respectively.The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000.     

Interaction between sea ice/iceberg and ship structures: A review

For ship structural design and good maneuverability in an ice-covered sea, the local and global load of ice cover on ships should be well understood. This paper reviews the extensive work done on ice loads on ships, including： （a） Ice pressure and local load determination based on field and model tests; （b） Global ice loads on ships from full-scale field observations, model tests and numerical models under different ice conditions （level ice and pack ice） and ship operations （maneuvering and mooring）. Spe- cial attention is paid to the discrete element simulation of global ice loads on ships; and （c） Analytical solutions and numerical models of impact loads of icebergs on ships for polar navigation. Finally, research potential in these areas is discussed.     

Patterns of spatial variation of nutrient content,epiphyte load and shoot size of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows (Mediterranean Sea)

Knowledge of patterns of spatial variability of vegetative development, epiphyte load and nutrient availability in seagrass meadows is essential for the adequate design of research and environmental monitoring programmes. Differences in shoot size, epiphyte load and nutrient content of leaves and epiphytes of the Mediterranean endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica at spatial scales ranging from metres to hundreds of metres are evaluated using a hierarchical nested sampling design. The size and epiphyte load of P. oceanica shoots and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and epiphytes were different in most of the spatial scales considered. Sampling efforts concentrated at the metre scale incorporated most of the variability in size, epiphyte load and nutrient content of the leaves and epiphytes of P. oceanica shoots. Epiphyte load showed no correlation with nutrient content in the epiphytes or in the leaves. However, epiphyte load and shoot size were negatively correlated, which suggests that light penetration in the canopy may be a main determinant of epiphyte load.     

浮式钻井平台钻具卡点深度计算分析

自升式平台的转盘面相对井眼是固定不变的,而浮式平台受风浪潮涌等影响,相对井筒上下浮动,尤其是在钻具卡钻时超拉或钻具下压相当于平台载荷瞬间改变,平台会上下起伏,这样在超拉计算卡点时测量钻柱伸长量和实际卡点深度相差甚远。为了消除因平台上下浮动的影响,根据物理学原理详细阐述了浮式平台卡点深度超拉计算方法。此方法能较准确的计算出浮式平台卡钻时钻柱卡点,在计算卡点深度上有很好的借鉴意义。     

超高韧性水泥基材料新型框架节点性能研究

进行了9个超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)新型框架节点的抗震试验。研究了轴压比和核心区箍筋间距对新型节点承载能力、滞回特性和耗能能力的影响。结果表明,UHTCC节点出现了大量裂缝间距仅为1mm左右的微细斜向裂缝,节点的开裂荷载和抗剪承载力都有明显的提高。UHTCC材料可降低甚至消除节点核芯区箍筋的用量。在试验基础上,对UHTCC新型框架节点的开裂荷载和极限承载力进行了理论计算,计算值和试验结果总体吻合较好。     

矩形钢管混凝土柱往复拉压荷载下工作性能试验研究

超高层建筑巨型框架结构的巨型柱在大震作用下有时会出现往复拉压受力情形,为提高巨型柱的抗震能力,目前有的超高层建筑巨型框架结构采用了多腔体钢管混凝土巨型柱。为深入研究这种巨型柱的腔体在往复拉压荷载下的性能退化问题,取这种巨型柱中有代表性的矩形腔体,进行了3个配钢率为7.53%和1个配钢率为3.77%的相同截面矩形柱在往复拉压荷载下的工作性能试验研究。4个试件均沿杆长对中分成左右不同构造的两段,左杆段为有栓钉区段,右杆段为无栓钉区段。通过试验,比较分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、栓钉的作用和破坏特征。给出了抗拉、抗压承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验符合较好。研究表明:在矩形钢管腔体内设置栓钉可明显提高构件的抗拉、抗压工作性能;增加矩形钢管的钢板厚度可明显提高钢板对栓钉的约束能力,从而提高栓钉与混凝土共同工作的性能。