3孔小间距浅埋暗挖隧道地表沉降控制技术研究

通过模型试验对软弱围岩下3孔小间距浅埋暗挖隧道的地表沉降控制技术进行了深入研究。结果表明：不同的预加固强度、开挖进尺,对隧道的地表沉降、围岩压力、洞周位移都有很大影响。     

灰色理论模型在矿区滑坡变形预测中的应用

灰色理论模型具有利用“少数据”、“小样本”的优点,使得其在滑坡预测分析中显示出极大的优势。利用矿区滑坡监测数据建立起GM(1, 1)模型,通过数据对比、验证和分析,证明了灰色理论模型能更好的反映观测目标的变形趋势。     

Archaeological Survey in the Foulke Fjord Region,Inglefield Land,Northwestern Greenland

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):297–314, 2010

The Inglefield Land Archaeology Project undertook archaeological survey of three areas of Foulke Fjord in 2006, during which 639 archaeological features were recorded, exclusive of the large Reindeer Point Longhouse site (Darwent et al., 2008). Basedon comparisons with surveys completed in Eastern Inglefield Land (Darwent et al., 2007), the density of features in Foulke Fjord substantially exceeded those from other regions of Inglefield Land. The most parsimonious explanation for the higher occurrence of features in this region is the presence of little auk colonies on the scree slopes of the inner fjords. These birds, which roost in the millions, served as a reliable summer food source, but their feces likely provided enrichment for the local ecosystem, increasing the numbers of terrestrial and marine fauna in the region. Based on excavations at Iita (Etah) and densities of features in the fiord, Foulke Fjord appears to have been continually occupied throughout the Thule-historic period (A.D. 1250–1953), and during the previous Late Dorset period (ca. A.D. 800–1250). However, features associated with the early Paleoeskimo period (2500–500 B.C.) are located only at the outer margins of the fjord.     

Water demand management and the quest for sustainability

This paper problematises positivist framings of water demand management (WDM) that define the average‐water‐user. Through a situated, case‐study account undertaken in suburban Auckland, we highlight variable social and cultural underpinnings of domestic water use. Activities that are commonly the focus of WDM are shown to be embedded elements of life around which relationships, affects and futures are woven. As a consequence, myopically focusing on the technical–managerial mediation of what are socionatural relations reduces prospects to achieve intended policy outcomes. Reframing WDM as a hydrosocial process provides a basis for water providers to develop more culturally appropriate water management.     

我国过去千年地表温度序列的初步重建

通过对器测温度资料与代用温度资料的研究,对中国过去1 000年的地表温度序列进行了初步重建.重建主要以树轮年表资料为基础,采用不同方法分别合成具有年分辨率的400年与1 000年西部温度序列,以及具有10年分辨率的400年全国温度序列和具有30年分辨率的1 000年全国温度序列.全国温度重建结果表明,中国在1000～1310年间表现出了与欧洲中世纪暖期相对应的温暖阶段,但该暖期在中国西部地区反映得并不明显;而14到19世纪的小冰期则在所有序列中均有显著表现;19世纪中期至上世纪80年代升温显著,但并未超过中世纪暖期水平.作者也讨论了重建序列的不确定性,以及重建序列与前人研究结果的异同.     

西藏冈底斯山脉北坡中更新统拉弄组的发现及其特征

拉弄组剖面位于冈底斯山脉北坡布多藏布拉弄沟 (E84°2 3.5′、N30°37.5′) ,各项条件符合《中国地层指南》关于建组 (层型 )剖面的基本要求。拉弄组为一套弱固结滨湖相碎屑岩 ,顶、底均为 型不整合面 ,厚 85 m左右 ;年代地层单位属中更新统。拉弄组常形成大型峭壁浮雕地貌景观 ,新、奇、特显著 ,因此 ,对拉弄组的研究意义不只限于完善该区第四系地层系统 ,充实高原第四纪古地理格局及环境变迁的分析、研究证据 ,还可为西部旅游业的进一步发展起到有力的推动作用。     

山东临朐柳山地区发现早白垩世冰碛砾岩及其意义

20世纪90年代在山东临朐县柳山镇地区的早白垩世莱阳群城山后组底部砾岩中发现具压坑、冰川擦痕、压裂张裂隙、压磨蚀平面的石英岩质、石灰岩质砾石和塑性变形形成的灯盏石、马鞍石石灰岩质砾石,经研究认为其成因属冰碛砾石,组成了冰碛砾岩。并探讨分析该冰川事件形成的古地理和古气候条件,指出为大陆上升局部形成的高山寒冷气候小冰期,形成了大陆型高原山岳山谷冰川。依据古生物和同位素地质年龄推断该小冰期发生在距今128~130Ma早白垩世热河期早期,建议称为临朐柳山小冰期。推断在我国东部地区其分布具一定区域性,应引起广大工作者的关注和研究。     

山地冰川物质平衡线与气候

在总结前人确定山地冰川物质平衡线高度的各种方法基础上,对利用山地冰川物质平衡线进行古气候恢复的方法进行探讨。以我国乌鲁木齐河流域一号冰川为例,运用侧碛垄最大高度法确定了小冰期第二次冰进时冰川的平衡线高度,依靠1960年代以来该冰川所积累的大量观测资料,建立和完善现代冰川平衡线高度与气候统计关系公式,并通过变化应用到该冰川小冰期第二次冰进。给出了该次冰进时气候的半定量推算结果。