几项地震处理技术的保幅性分析

地震资料处理技术和流程多以构造成像为重点,而忽略了处理方法及参数变化对地震波振幅的改造,影响了处理结果的保幅性。基于模型数据和实际资料,对面波压制、几何扩散补偿、预测反褶积等几项关键处理技术的保幅性进行了分析,提出了提高保幅性的处理思路和流程。处理结果表明,采用合理的方法和流程,使面波压制、几何扩散补偿等处理环节的相对保幅性得到了明显提高。     

地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用

地震资料分频处理技术是一种比常规地震属性识别储层更有效的方法。该方法将一定时窗内地震反射波通过离散傅里叶变从时间域换转换到频率域,用转换后的振幅谱和相位谱识别薄储层的厚度变化和边界。通过该技术可以对地震资料中所有单频信号进行有针对性的分析,已经证明是一种具有较高可信度的技术。针对胜利油田老河口油田老168井区馆陶组河道砂油藏厚度薄、横向变化大的地质特征,本文运用分频处理技术对该井区馆陶组地层砂体分布进行预测,并对储层非均质性进行了分析,经钻井证实,预测结果与实际情况十分吻合。     

宽频地震处理技术在南海某工区的应用

在海洋地震勘探中产生的鬼波会抑制低频分量,造成频域的陷波点,降低地震记录的分辨率,使地震记录的同相轴发生混叠甚至产生假的同相轴。笔者采用FK域水平电缆压制鬼波法,将地震数据进行FK变换,对维纳滤波求取反褶积算子投影到FK域,并对二者进行褶积,将结果 FK反变换回时间域。鬼波压制后的模型数据频带得到了有效拓宽,低频、高频信息均得到了加强。鬼波压制后的实际数据目的层频带从12~60 Hz拓宽到8~75 Hz,三亚组能量与合成记录匹配较原始数据更好。     

Composition and flight periodicity of adult caddisflies in New Zealand hill‐country catchments of contrasting land use

A total of 6085 adult Trichoptera (excluding Hydroptilidae) representing 12 families, 31 genera, and 56 species were collected by a combination of Malaise net and light trapping from July 1998 to July 1999 at three hill‐country sites of contrasting catchment land use (100% native forest, a pasture site with native forest headwaters, and 100% pasture) in the Waikato, northern New Zealand. Forty‐eight species of Trichoptera were collected from Malaise nets and 45 species from light traps. Eleven species of Trichoptera were only ever collected from the Malaise nets and seven species from only the light traps. At the native forest site, Malaise nets collected more species and taxa of conservation interest than did light traps, possibly reflecting diurnal activity or non‐attraction to light by some species. Several species of Trichoptera showed site specificity and most of these were found at the native forest site. Twenty‐eight species were active for at least 6 months of the year with at least four species active all year. A minimum overnight air temperature of at least 9°C was required to induce Trichoptera flight activity, but large‐scale flight activity may require temperatures greater than 14°C. Trichoptera with free‐living and net spinning larvae exhibited extended flight periods, and for three species examined there were bi‐modal activity peaks. Adult caddisflies with cased larvae which grazed on epilithic food resources generally had reduced flight periods and one species had a well‐defined, synchronous periodicity. These findings suggest flight periodicity may partly be a functional response to larval food availability.     

Direct impacts of commercial and recreational fishing on spiny lobster,Panulirus interruptus,populations at Santa Catalina Island,California, United States

The California spiny or red rock lobster, Panulirus interruptus, is an ecologically and economically important species that has been exploited since the 1800s. No previous study in California has assessed the impacts of the recreational or commercial lobster harvest. Before the 2003–04 commercial and recreational lobster seasons, we conducted a fishery‐independent trap survey at Santa Catalina Island to document the impact of the lobster fisheries on the size structure, abundance, and sex ratios of mature P. interruptus (>65 mm carapace length (CL)). We concurrently sampled a predominantly commercially fished area, a recreationally fished area, and a 23‐year‐old invertebrate no‐take (INT) reserve. Relative to the INT reserve, legal‐size lobsters in the recreational area were similar in CL, but 31% less abundant. Legal‐size lobsters in the commercial area were 8% smaller and 70% less abundant than those in the INT reserve. The sex ratio of legal‐size lobsters, although near 50:50 in the recreational and INT reserve areas, was male‐dominated (67:33) in the commercial area. Differences in CPUE and mean CL of sub‐legal lobsters in the recreational and commercial areas suggest that factors in addition to harvesting pressure may affect these populations. Total biomass of mature lobsters in the recreational and commercial areas was 92% and 45%, respectively, of biomass in the INT reserve. Fecundity in the recreational and commercial areas was 83% and 42%, respectively, of fecundity in the INT reserve. This study provides preliminary data for future ecological studies and fisheries management evaluations.     

川西什邡地区隐伏断层活动性及其对流体的控制作用

利用遥感地质解译、土壤微量元素分析、土壤氡气测量以及野外露头观察等手段,在什邡湔氐地区识别出22条隐伏断层。它们按走向可分为北北西向、北东东向和近东西向3组。受关口断层推覆上升的影响,隐伏断层普遍具张扭性,活性较好,含水破碎带发育。从油气水文地球化学和地下水的活动规律来探讨该区断裂和盖层、地下水的配置关系,认为本区油气保存条件总体较差,但在单斜带局部区域寻找水动力圈闭气藏以及在云西—徐家场鼻状背斜上勘探深层气藏仍然有一定的潜力。     

重点行业企业用地地下水中60种挥发性有机物的测定分析方法研究

建立了吹扫捕集—气相色谱质谱法测定重点行业企业用地地下水中60种挥发性有机物的分析方法.采用屈臣氏双蒸水作为空白水,选择离子与全扫描模式交替方式进行定性定量,确定了保护剂的种类和用量,优化了吹扫捕集条件.方法检出限范围在0.3～1.2μg/L.该方法的线性范围为0～250μg/L,相关系数R²在0.9907～0.9999之间,3种不同浓度的加标平均回收率为87.2%～117%,相对标准偏差在1.7%～9.7%之间,优于《重点行业企业用地调查质量保证与质量控制技术规定(试行)》对地下水挥发性有机物的质控要求.本方法增加了VOCs的测试种类,线性范围宽,灵敏度高,适合于各类重点行业企业用地地下水中60种挥发性有机物的快速批量分析.     

乍得Bongor盆地反转构造特征及形成机制：来自地震剖面及沙箱模拟实验的证据

结合区域地震剖面解析和沙箱模拟实验,探讨分析了乍得Bongor盆地反转构造特征及其形成机制。结果表明：（1） Bongor盆地中发育三种典型的反转构造类型：挤压反转单斜构造、挤压反转向斜构造和挤压反转背斜构造。该类反转构造 一部分具有反转断层相关褶皱样式,主要沿高角度边界断层和基底地垒边界断面发育,形成演化与断裂活动息息相关,另 一部分呈散花状背斜构造样式,属于地层纵弯上拱褶皱,主要发育于斜坡断阶带之间;（2） 区域剥蚀作用对盆地反转构造 演化具有重要的影响,其对盆地内深部地层反转褶皱发育具有促进作用,为深部构造圈闭形成提供条件,而对浅部地层的 反转褶皱发育则表现出阻碍或破坏作用,不利于浅层构造圈闭的形成。     

济阳坳陷优质烃源岩特征与隐蔽油气藏的关系分析

通过对济阳坳陷优质烃源岩的研究,尝试建立勘探中、后期烃源岩研究的流程和工作方法。结合大量的分析资料,建立了本区优质烃源岩的评价标准,该标准可适用于中国的陆相断陷湖盆研究。对烃源岩的生排烃特征模拟结果表明,普通烃源岩、优质烃源岩以及有机质富集层三种不同类型的烃源岩生烃时间基本相同,但在排烃方面三者区别较大,普通烃源岩开始排烃最晚,优质烃源岩次之,而有机质富集层则最早进入排烃阶段。本区优质烃源岩的分布与隐蔽油气藏密切相关。沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段是本区广泛分布优质烃源岩的重点层位,它们与隐蔽油气藏的关系非常密切。优质烃源的分布直接或间接地决定了隐蔽油气藏勘探的成功率。对东营凹陷和沾化凹陷已经发现的隐蔽油气藏油气源的分析结果表明,在沾化凹陷,隐蔽油气藏主要以沙三段下部优质烃源岩为主。但罗家油田原油则是以沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段的碳酸盐岩源岩层所生成的混源油为主。沙四上亚段烃源岩主要形成地层性的隐蔽油气藏,而沙三下亚段烃源岩和沙四上亚段烃源岩均可以形成岩性型油气藏。在此基础上,建立了坳陷不同位置与其烃源岩和油气运移特点相关的隐蔽油气藏形成模式图。     

川西坳陷中段须家河组四段钙屑砂岩气层的成因

钙屑砂岩在川西坳陷须家河组四段分布特别广,几乎每个构造、每口井都能见到。岩石大部分致密,目前只在局部井段见到孔隙发育能成为有效储集层。在大量岩石薄片鉴定及资料统计的基础上,对丰谷地区钙屑砂岩的岩石学、成岩作用、储集物性和孔隙发育特征进行了详细的研究。结果表明,丰谷地区钙屑砂岩气层单层砂体厚度大,碳酸盐岩岩屑含量高,方解石胶结物含量低,次生孔隙发育,孔隙类型主要为溶蚀粒间孔。天然气主要来自下三叠统马鞍塘组、须家河组三段、须家河组四中亚段烃源岩。本区钙屑砂岩气层与所经历成岩作用密切相关,属于成岩圈闭型气层。丰谷地区钙屑砂岩气层的形成过程对于勘探类似岩性气藏具有借鉴与指导意义。