鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区二叠系下石盒子组盒1段砂岩成岩相与储集性能关系

塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒1段发育了辫状河道相沉积,砂体厚度10~60 m,横向上连片,分布较稳定。勘探证实,盒1段砂岩非均质性较强、含气性呈局部分布、不连片,圈闭类型为岩性圈闭气藏。根据薄片、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜及压汞分析等资料对盒1段砂岩进行微观分析,了解其自生矿物类型、成岩作用及成岩序列、孔隙演化特征和孔隙发育的影响因素,进而分析胶结物组合类型及其对储集性能影响关系。认为以胶结物主要组合类型进行盒1段砂岩成岩相划分,结合录井油气显示、试气和测井等资料分析各成岩相储集性能、含气性和测井曲线上反映特征,找出有利的成岩相,以此在平面上预测盒1段砂岩天然气富集有利区,为勘探寻找天然气富集区提供依据。     

塔中地区早古生代单源三位油气成藏体系

以油气成藏体系先进理论为指导,对塔里木盆地塔中地区下古生界油气成藏条件进行了研究。发现塔中地区早古生代成藏体系的油气来源于塔中北坡的烃源岩,油气沿不整合面和志留系砂岩作侧向运移,再沿断裂向上运移,最后在适合油气聚集的场所成藏。结果表明,塔中早古生代成藏体系的烃源岩、输导体系和圈闭均为分离状,油气来源单一,为塔中早古生代单源三位成藏体系。     

矿物及宝石的发光机理和应用

从宝石 (矿物 )的化学组成都具有阴、阳离子的异价类质同象 ,引起晶格缺陷 ,产生施主—受主能级 ,缩短了禁带宽度 ,在外场作用下电子从陷井中向受主能级或价带跃迁释放光量子而发光的模型 ,最后介绍了矿物发光的应用。     

白云深水区东部重力流水道岩性圈闭特征分析

白云深水区东部在早中新世时期处于两种沉积相带的交汇处:古珠江三角洲物源体系深水重力流水道砂岩沉积和东沙隆起台地生物礁物源体系碳酸盐岩峡谷水道沉积。层序地层学、沉积学、构造学研究表明,在白云深水区东部21.0Ma陆架坡折带下方,早期低位体系域发育的条带状优质重力流水道砂岩可以作为岩性圈闭的主力储层;晚期海进体系域大型碳酸盐岩、泥岩充填的峡谷水道,切割了下部早期低位体系域的重力流水道砂体,起到了有效的侧封作用,从而形成了重力流水道岩性圈闭,实际钻井资料证实该岩性圈闭为工业油气藏。     

Social-ecological feedbacks lead to unsustainable lock-in in an inland fishery

This interdisciplinary paper presents an empirical analysis of techno-institutional lock-in in a regional fishery, in the Logone floodplain in the Far North Region of Cameroon. In the Logone floodplain, one fishing technique is spreading exponentially even though it is changing the social, hydrological and ecological dynamics of the system in ways that are largely considered problematic by local communities. We use a complex systems framework to analyze large hydrological and socio-economic datasets. Results show how social-ecological feedbacks foster the spread of the technique and contribute to the process of lock-in. The lock-in leads to a resistance to change despite awareness of the technique’s impact, a situation that may also be described as a social-ecological trap. We identify and explain four kinds of positive feedback loops relating to socio-economic, behavioral, demographic and hydrological processes, respectively. We also identify possible solutions that consider the complexity of the feedback loops across multiple dimensions of the floodplain system.     

Carbon Enrichment in the Lithospheric Mantle: Evidence from the Melt Inclusions in Mantle Xenoliths from the Hainan Basalts

It is generally believed that the lithospheric mantle and the mantle transition zone are important carbon reservoirs. However, the location of carbon storage in Earth’s interior and the reasons for carbon enrichment remain unclear. In this study, we report CO₂-rich olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the mantle xenoliths of late Cenozoic basalts from the Penglai area, Hainan Province, which may shed some light on the carbon enrichment process in the lithospheric mantle. We also present ...     

平衡剖面技术在新疆焉耆盆地断裂和圈闭研究中的应用

简要地介绍了平衡剖面技术的基本原理及在新疆焉耆盆地断裂演化和圈闭研究中的应用。借助该项技术确定了盆地内断裂发育的时空关系及性质,指出盆地内中、新生代的断裂发育过程中有早缓晚骤、早正晚逆（ 反转） 的特征,认为盆地内的构造圈闭主要有两个形成时期,即侏罗纪末的燕山运动时期和第三纪末的喜山运动时期,并且前者形成的圈闭有效性要好于后者。     

构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育模式浅析

构造坡折带是由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带,对盆地充填的可容纳空间和沉积作用可产生重要的影响,构造坡折带和油气资源分布有着较为密切的关系。隐蔽圈闭是沉积盆地油气勘探中后期重点勘探领域。构造坡折带是沉积盆地中隐蔽圈闭最发育的部位之一,多级构造坡折带组合对盆地隐蔽圈闭的发育有一定的影响,多级构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育更受到沉积环境和湖平面变化的影响;构造坡折带地区隐蔽圈闭油气成藏良好,高位域和三角洲前缘泥岩是良好的烃源岩,连片砂体和不整合界面及生长断裂是良好的输导条件,生长断裂和高位域泥岩具有良好的封盖作用。     

Application of sediment traps in global change research in mountain lakes

Representativity of biota in the biosphere also have similar significance in the lithosphere after their death. Recently, taphonomic representation of biota in the lithosphere has been widely used for minimizing the biases in palaeo-environmental reconstructions including global climate change. In September 2001, a sediment trap was installed at the central area of the Loch Coire Fionnaraich （LCFR）, a small, oligotrophic mountain loch in northwest Scotland for a taphonomic study of cladoceran zooplankton. The trap was emptied on a seasonal basis, where an average 0.14 g dry material was recovered in each season, January, May and August 2002 respectively. A sediment core was also taken from near the sediment trap location. The top 0.5 cm section, the ＇core＇ was used for a comparative study with the trap sediment samples. The planktonic Cladocera consisted of Bosmina coregoni and appeared to have excellent preservation in the trap assemblages. Moreover, some common littoral Cladocera such as Alonella excisa and Aloha guttata appear to be less well preserved in the fossil assemblages. Large littoral taxa such as Eurycercus lamellatus and Aloha quadrangularis were rare in the trap but relatively common and well preserved in the sediment-water interface. It is suggested that taphonomic processes play a dominant role on deposition of fossil remains of Cladocera and caution should be taken while inferring the past environmental changes whilst using fossil assemblages recovered from the lake centre as a representation of the entire cladoceran community in the lake.     

海底浅层圈闭与浅层气地震反射特征对比

海底浅层圈闭条件是决定浅层气反射特征的重要因素,根据海底浅层圈闭条件的分析、国内外浅层气分布区反射特征与底质类型对比分析和南黄海西部地区浅部断层分析,得出结论:(1)浅层气的圈闭条件主要受海底底质类型与浅部断层控制,常见圈闭类型为岩性圈闭和断层圈闭;(2)底质类型是决定浅层气反射特征的重要因素。分析认为海底表层沉积物的泥砂含量决定了圈闭中盖层封闭能力,进而决定了浅层气聚集能力和储集量,形成不同浅层气地震反射特征;(3)某些现代三角洲地区,受潮流或河流与海洋共同作用影响,表层底质经常与整个浅层的物质组成差别较大。由于其内部一般含有较厚的细颗粒黏土质粉砂和粉砂质黏土,封闭能力较强,可封闭较多浅层气,能形成大规模的声学空白反射,但常观察到浅层气反射顶界面局部突起呈旗舰状;(4)浅部断层既可形成断层圈闭,也可充当浅层气的运移通道。断层圈闭通常较少见且难以识别,浅部断层在第四纪松散地层中更多地充当了浅层气运移的通道;(5)浅部地层存在多套含泥较多的地层且形成圈闭时,浅层气被多次圈闭,会在不同深度形成"楼层式"的多个强反射界面、声学扰动。