中国西部某盆地圈闭地质条件评价方法与模型

结合中国西部某盆地的实际情况,以文献调查和专家咨询结果为依据,建立了圈闭地质条件评价标准;对圈闭地质条件评价方法进行了研究,建立了融地质风险概率法,加权平均法,综合指数法,功效评分法,兼容度极大化法,兼容度、差异度极大极小化法干一体的圈闭地质条件评价方案及其优化模型。该模型可以电子计算机为工具对构造圈闭进行综合定量评价,从而降低勘探风险,提高油气勘探决策的科学性和可靠性。     

An improved “benchmark” method for estimating particle settling velocities from time-series sediment trap fluxes

A new method, based on fitting Fourier series to time-series (TS) data from sediment traps, was developed to estimate the settling velocities (SVs) of sinking particles in the open ocean. This new method was applied to data from MedFlux, as well as from the US JGOFS NABE, EqPac, and ASPS studies. Fluxes of mass and of four chemical tracers, as well as the molar ratios of the latter, were plotted on logarithmic scales; Fourier series were then fit to these data. In each case we determined the most likely settling velocity using a likelihood-based nonlinear fitting algorithm. Variation among estimates using single tracers was significantly less than variation using tracer ratios; we therefore concluded that estimates based on single tracers are to be preferred to estimates based on tracer ratios. Our results also showed no obvious differences among SVs estimated using different single tracers. The best estimate of settling velocity using single-tracer fluxes with good temporal resolution (i.e. for sites with cup rotation times 8.5 days) is 205 m/d, with standard deviation 74 m/d. For MedFlux data alone (which have a resolution of 4–6 days), the estimate is 220±65 m/d. This latter value is within 10% of the estimate of average settling velocity (242±31 m/d) made using MedFlux IRS traps in “settling velocity” mode.     

松辽盆地南部西部斜坡区晚白垩世坳陷盆地坡折带研究

通过对晚白垩世松辽盆地南部西部斜坡区的综合研究,从基底构造、古地理位置、地层产状和厚度、钻井和地震资料特征及构造发育情况等方面表明,该区在青山口组-嫩江组坳陷期发育侵蚀坡折带、沉积坡折带和构造坡折带.由于多种类型坡折带的存在,制约着盆地充填可容空间的变化,控制了区内的层序发育、沉积体系展布和非构造圈闭类型.松辽盆地南部西部斜坡区湖盆坡折带附近是非构造油气藏发育的有利部位,可以应用坡折带理论指导本区的隐蔽油气藏勘探.     

雪峰山西侧构造演化和构造格局对区域油气成藏条件的控制

本文对雪峰造山带北西缘及其北西侧隔槽式褶皱带的区域构造演化和构造格局与油气关系进行了总结和探讨,主要认识如下:震旦纪-早古生代的被动大陆边缘盆地(Z1-O1)和前陆盆地(O2-S)背景下形成了3套主要生储盖组合。主要烃源层牛蹄塘组早奥陶世开始排烃(油)、三叠纪末排烃(气)基本结束;五峰-龙马溪组晚古生代中期开始排烃(油),白垩纪末排烃(气)基本结束。晚奥陶世后期的都匀运动形成了雪峰造山带北缘隆起和黔中隆起(为大型圈闭),中侏罗世或中三叠世以前的油气多由周边凹陷区向这两个隆起区运移、聚集,严重影响到凹陷区中生代圈闭内天然气成藏潜力和规模。受排烃历史控制,隔槽式褶皱带内中生代圈闭构造有可能形成以五峰-龙马溪组为烃源的较大规模上组合气藏;以牛蹄塘组为烃源的下组合和中组合一般难以成藏,但在黔中隆起带有可能形成次生气藏。最后,基于构造和油气演化特征,探讨了研究区油气成藏远景,并提出了油气勘探方向建议。     

南沙海域曾母盆地构造样式特征及其与油气聚集和圈闭的关系

南沙海域曾母盆地发育各种类型的构造样式，本文研究与油气聚集和圈闭关系密切的典型构造样式。以盆地构造运动的力学性质为依据，将该盆地的构造样式分为三大类，即伸展构造、挤压构造和走滑构造。伸展构造样式有断块构造和箕状构造；挤压构造样式有褶皱构造、冲断构造和底辟构造；走滑构造样式有花状构造。各种构造样式特征分析结果表明．大部分构造样式可形成能够俘获、圈闭油气的局部构造，部分构造样式除了能形成圈闭以外，其中充填的沉积物还有利于油气的生成一由于这些构造样式的发育时间旱于烃源岩的生烃期和大规模的排烃期，因此极易俘获油气而成为有利的油气聚集带和有效的油气圈闭。     

新疆三塘湖盆地走滑构造特征与油气勘探

通过对钻井岩心资料系统观察以及地震资料的全面检查,证实新疆三塘湖盆地内存在走滑构造,表现为简单走滑(逆—平移)断层和正花状走滑断层两种基本形式。在中央拗陷带内走滑断层与边界主断层斜交并呈“雁列式”排列,表明走滑构造可能在边界断层发生大规模逆冲兼右行走滑时形成,其形成时期可能为喜山期。同时走滑构造对油气的生成、运移与聚集起着重要的控制作用。     

准噶尔盆地侏罗系不整合复合体及其岩性地层油气藏

准噶尔盆地在侏罗纪为一振荡的泛盆,形成了多期不整合,以不整合为层序边界形成的层序地层单元与油气藏的分布富集密切相关。不整合上下的低位域、高位域发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲等储集性能较好的砂砾岩,湖侵域则以厚度稳定、分布广泛的湖相泥岩为主。考虑到准噶尔盆地侏罗系不整合发育的多期性、分布的稳定性以及层序地层单元对生储盖的控制作用,建立由不整合面及不整合面上下的低位域、高位域构成的不整合复合体,多期不整合复合体与湖侵域的泥岩相互叠置形成多套生储盖组合。不整合复合体对于油气的运聚成藏起重要作用,在不整合复合体内部形成多种类型的岩性地层圈闭。不同级别的不整合复合体控制着生、储、盖组合的空间分布与富集层位,不整合复合体内部的组成单元则决定了岩性地层圈闭的类型及分布。其中,不整合复合体的低位域、高位域发育的大型冲积扇、三角洲沉积体系控制岩性圈闭的分布,而不整合复合体内的地层尖灭线控制地层圈闭的分布。     

冀中坳陷深县凹陷构造沉积格局与圈闭类型响应关系

深县凹陷位于冀中坳陷中部,其构造复杂,沉积类型多样,而多年来人们对凹陷内的油气圈闭(尤其是岩性地层圈闭)类型与分布规律缺乏统一认识,不利于在这类复杂断陷盆地内开展精细油气勘探。深县凹陷可划分为5个构造区带,各构造区带具有不同的沉积格局,这是各区带内油气圈闭类型存在差异的关键因素。总结出该凹陷主要发育构造圈闭、岩性圈闭、地层圈闭及潜山圈闭等4大类8亚类圈闭类型,这些圈闭类型与本区的构造沉积格局存在响应关系。其中,构造圈闭发育范围较广,主要集中在二级构造凸起带上,以深南背斜和榆科背斜为主,断块和断鼻圈闭构成了主要的圈闭类型;潜山圈闭主要发育在北部缓坡带中的深泽—刘村低凸起与何庄—深西潜山带;而岩性圈闭与地层圈闭主要发育在两个潜山带的侧翼以及南部的白宋庄洼槽带和深南背斜的两翼,这与砂砾岩透镜体、上倾尖灭砂体的分布及构造背景有关。     

厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地斜坡带地震多属性储层预测

南美安第斯前陆盆地斜坡带主要含油气圈闭为低幅度构造-岩性圈闭,储层预测是厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地低幅度隐蔽圈闭识别和描述的重要环节。为了准确预测储层砂体及油藏空间分布特征,采用高品质3D地震资料,沿层提取包括AVO信息在内的多种地震属性参数,利用地震属性和已知井的地层物性参数建立统计对应关系,并利用这一关系预测了未知点地层的储层物性、砂岩储层空间分布特征和储层含油气性特征预测。结果表明:预测结果与已有钻井吻合程度较高;下一步勘探潜力区位于区块南部和西部。     

Sedimentary Patterns and Stratigraphic Trap Models of Deeply Buried Intervals in the Baxian Depression, North China

The Baxian depression is a typical half-graben located in the Jizhong sub-basin, north China. Commercial petroleum traps have been discovered in the Jizhong sub-basin. However, the 3rd and 4th members of the Shahejie Formation in this sub-basin have been poorly explored. These two members, belonging to the Lower Paleogene age, are buried deeply in the depression. Favorable petroleum reservoir conditions exist in such deep intervals of the half-graben due to the presence of different types and extent of deltas and turbidity fans in various areas. In fact, three types of turbidite fans are developed in the sag below the transitional belt on the eastern gentle slope. This work summarized three stratigraphic trap belts, i.e., the steep slope, gentle slope, and sag. On the steep slope, structural-stratigraphic traps with small-scale delta fronts and turbidite sandbodies are well developed. On the gentle slope, hydrocarbons generally accumulate in the large-scale delta front, onlapping beds and those sandbodies adjacent to unconformities. In the sag, petroleum trap models are typically characterized by pinched-out turbidite sandbodies. Stratigraphic traps were easily formed in turbidite fans below the eastern transitional belt. The petroleum traps that have already been discovered or predicted in the study area indicate that stratigraphic traps have favorable petroleum exploration potential in deeply buried areas (depth >5000 m) in a half-graben basin or depression.