南海中部沉积物捕集器中浮游有孔虫的稳定同位素分析

通过对南海中部沉积物捕集器中浮游有孔虫的氧，碳稳定同位素分析，探讨了它们与海洋学参数之间的关系。分析结果显示，G.ruber的δ^18O值和δ^13C值都比G.sacculifer的轻；两者的δ^18O差值（△δ^18O)平均为0.520‰，δ^13C差值（△δ^13C)平均为0.544‰，证明G.ruber的生活水深（约30m)比G.sacculifer的（约50m)浅。G.ruber与G.sacculifer之间的△δ^18O呈现夏季大，冬季小的特点，可能与海水的垂向温度梯度在夏季较大有关，G.ruber幼体的δ^13C比成年个体的轻，幼体的δ^18O比成年个体的重，揭示了该种在繁殖期前，随着个体发育，生活的水层深度逐渐变浅。     

Grain size,La/Yb and Th/Sc of settling particles in the western North Pacific: Evidence for lateral transport of small Asian loess

To understand the transport process of lithogenic particles in the ocean, we measured the grain size distributions of lithogenic particles and measured the opal, La, Yb, Th, and Sc concentrations of the settling particles collected from time-series sediment traps at Sta. KNOT (44°N, 155°E, water depth 5320 m) from June 2002 to May 2004. The annual mean lithogenic particle flux observed at the lower sediment trap (5100 m) was twice as high as that at the upper sediment trap (770 m). The contribution of Asian loess estimated by the La/Yb and the Th/Sc ratios in the lower layer was greater than that in the upper layer. The fluxes of small lithogenic particles with sizes of 3–4 μm at the lower layer (5 to 65 mg/m²/day) were approximately four times larger than that at the upper layer (0.6 to 27 mg/m²/day). These results indicate that the horizontal addition of small particle sizes of Asian loess is a main factor in the increase of lithogenic particles at the lower layer. The temporal variations in the small lithogenic particle flux at the lower layer had a positive correlation with those at the upper layer (r = 0.71). The small lithogenic particle fluxes showed a strong positive correlation with the opal fluxes (r = 0.9). We therefore conclude that the small lithogenic particles were laterally transported and scavenged by the formation of aggregates with opal.     

渤海湾盆地垦东凸起构造特征与油气聚集

渤海湾盆地中南部地区垦东凸起是一个新的油气勘探领域。为了深入研究垦东凸起的构造特征与油气聚集规律,寻找有利的油气圈闭,就下列问题进行探讨:渤海湾盆地中、南部的区域构造特征,垦东凸起的构造演化和构造样式和油气圈闭类型和油气富集特征。通过对本区地质、地球物理和地球化学的综合研究认为,渤海湾盆地中南部区域由于成带状的伸展断陷-断凸和连接它们的横向调节带的存在,构造上呈现出南北分带、东西分段的断块构造格局。构造发展史表明,垦东凸起及北部斜坡带经历了裂谷期前、裂谷期和裂谷期后3大发育阶段,纵向上呈3层结构分布。垦东凸起可分为西段高凸起、东段低凸起,分别与北部斜坡带西段和东段相连。其中北部斜坡带的构造样式主要为同向的阶梯状正断层。凸起内部主要为背向正断层组合形成的地垒和面向正断层组合形成的地堑。垦东凸起圈闭可分为5种类型,其中构造圈闭主要有牵引背斜、逆牵引背斜、屋脊断块以及披覆背斜等。油气主要来自古近纪黄河口伸展断陷生油中心,自北向南沿砂体、不整合面和正断层呈阶梯状侧向和垂向运移至北部斜坡带和凸起,在新近纪和古近纪地层组成的有利圈闭处聚集。     

伪谱法运算效率的提高及井间波场的正演模拟

伪谱法求解波动方程的常规算法,运算量大,运算时间长。笔者综合提高伪谱法计算精度和效率的方法,改进了常规计算流程里计算傅氏变换和反变换中需要多次使用计算的常量,把这些常量提到时间循环体外,从而避免很多重复运算,减少了运算次数,使运算效率提高了一倍以上,并结合目前隐蔽圈闭在油气勘探中的重要性,构建了隐蔽圈闭中一种特殊的构造,即透镜体模型,模拟了高速和低速透镜体模型中的井间波场特征,对比分析了2种模型的合成井间地震记录、时间切片及振幅特征,与理论分析的结果能够很好的相吻合。     

东营凹陷永北地区古近系顶部不整合结构及其物性响应

综合三维地震、钻井岩心、测录井、物性分析、薄片鉴定资料,通过宏观描述与微观镜下分析相结合的方法,系统分析了东营凹陷永北地区古近系顶部不整合结构体岩石学特征、测井曲线特征、物性响应特征及其与圈闭的关系。研究表明,不整合可划分为3层结构:水进砂层、风化粘土层和半风化淋滤层。每个结构层具有不同的岩石学和测井响应特征。水进砂层孔隙度高;风化粘土层风化作用最强,泥质含量高,孔隙度低;半风化淋滤层溶蚀作用强,次生溶孔发育,孔隙度较高;未风化层未受风化作用改造,孔隙发育差。永北地区沙三上段发育断块掀斜型和盆缘型两种地层不整合圈闭模式:断块掀斜型模式受到不整合与二级或二级以下序级断层的共同控制,圈团发育规模较小;盆缘模式多出现在抬升强烈的湖盆边缘,主要受控盆断层的控制,圈闭发育规模较大。     

“成油体系”分析

“成油体系”分析是在盆地分析基础上，进一步研究含油气盆地中油气的生、储、盖、运、聚、保的时空配置关系及其演化规律，将它们作为一个统一的整体而不是孤立地进行单项研究。一个成油体系包括正在生油的生油洼陷，所有与其有关的油气聚集或显示，以及形成油气聚集所必需的地质要素及作用过程。本文系统地介绍了“成油体系”这一概念的形成过程、定义、特征、级别及其分类方法，并以实例说明其在油气勘探中的应用。     

对川东石炭纪非背斜圈闭气藏的分类

川东地区石炭纪的构造褶皱强烈,断裂发育,完整背斜很少,气藏一般赋存在背斜圈闭内。根据历年对川东石炭纪天然气的勘探所取得的大量地质、地震和测试资料分析,结合断裂、褶皱与储气层关系,本文对非背斜圈团气藏进行分类。这类圈闭在本区分布十分广泛,但其中以断层圈闭和地层-构造复合圈闭对天然气的聚集前景最好,其次为溶蚀岩性圈闭、岩性圈闭和残丘圈闭。     

Lipid composition of the pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes, its feces, and sinking particulate organic matter in the Equatorial North Pacific Ocean

Fecal pellets from the pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were a substantial portion of the particulate organic matter in a sediment trap deployed at the bottom of the mixed layer in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. The lipids of fresh P. planipes feces were compared to lipids of the sediment trap material, of mixed zooplankton which may comprise part of the diet of the crab, and of the crab itself in order to elucidate the source of organic compounds found in the trap. Hydrocarbons, wax esters, triacylglycerols, steroidal alcohols, steroidal ketones, and fatty acids were determined by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant input of lipids via sedimentation of crab fecal material is indicated, and modification of dietary lipid within the gut of the crab is inferred. Labile dietary fatty acids are depleted and sterols enriched in the fecal pellets and trap material relative to the zooplankton and crab. Nuclear saturated and unsaturated 3-ketosteroids and unsaturated steroidal hydrocarbons were detected in the crab, its feces, and in the sediment trap particulate material.     

Triterpenols from sediments of Santa Monica Basin, Southern California Bight, U.S.A.

The triterpenol geochemistry of the Santa Monica Basin from the Southern California Borderland, off the U.S.A., is described from the study of two sets of trap deployments, five box cores (≈30 cm) and a hydroplastic core (≈1 m). The biogenic sources and diagenetic stability of the triterpenols are discussed.The 17β(H), 21β(H)-hopanols (22R isomer) occur in the carbon number range from 30 to 32 and their abundance is nearly uniform in the shallow sediment sections. However, the three hopanols follow the order of abundance, C₃₂ > C₃₁ C₃₀, in deeper sections. Their concentrations spans from trace levels to 156 μg/g organic carbon (<15 ng to 7 μg/g dry sediment). Tetrahymanol (gammaceran-3β-ol) has been identified in all the samples except in one set of trap particles collected at 100 m water depth, from trace level (<1 μg) to 215 μg/g organic carbon (<20 ng to 9 μg/g dry sediment). Diplopterol is also detected in trace amounts in some samples. The triterpenols in the trap material generally increase with the water column depth and decrease with the subbottom depth in the sediment cores.The extended hopanols are either degradation products of polyhydroxybacteriohopanes or are biosynthesized by bacteria. Tetrahymanol is probably the only suggested biological precursor of gammacerane (the reduced counterpart of tetrahymanol), which has been recognized in numerous crude oils and lithified sediments. Although it has been reported earlier from Green River Shale and from a residual Pleistocene lake sediment, tetrahymanol has so far been positively identified from recent marine sediments only in two recent studies. The decreasing content of tetrahymanol in sedimentary depth profiles in the Santa Monica Basin would favor an origin for this compound in the water column or at the sediment surface. The ubiquitous occurrence of this compound throughout the study area suggests that this triterpenol most probably originates from primitive organisms (protozoa, bacteria?), hitherto not identified or, more likely, not yet analyzed for their lipid composition.