地下水中挥发性有机物的吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地下水中卤代烃类、苯系物、氯代苯类等20多种挥发性有机物的方法。对吹扫捕集条件、气相色谱条件和质谱条件进行优化,并对实际水样进行测定。方法检出限为0.03～0.28μg/L,基体加标回收率为88.8%～111.0%,精密度(RSD,n=7)为2.21%～5.31%。方法准确,灵敏可靠,可满足地下水中痕量挥发性有机物的分析要求。     

渤海湾盆地沉积层中X型共轭断裂的发育特征与油气意义

X型共轭断裂作为一种张性或张扭性应力环境中的常见构造样式,在渤海湾歧口凹陷地区有着广泛的分布。本文结合渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷东部的歧东断裂带为例,详细描述了X型共轭断裂的剖面特征,对整个共轭体系的空间样式进行了归纳,并分析得出结论,歧东断裂是明化镇组沉积以来的晚期断裂(8 Ma),不控制地层沉积。42 Ma以来渤海湾盆地一直处于近东西向的区域挤压应力场之下,并由此产生了一系列南北向拉张的断裂,平面上表现为走向近东西向的张扭性断裂兼具一定的走滑分量。渤海湾盆地新生代以来的沉积地层由于成岩压实诸多方面因素的影响,地层在不同深度固结程度存在较大差异,整体上表现为地层传递应力的能力从基底到盖层逐渐减弱,大致地划分为刚性基底,半固结地层和松散未固结盖层。松散的盖层由于传递应力能力较弱,如果没有基底的带动,难以主动地发生破裂;而盆地刚性基底在当时的区域应力场之下,东西走向的张扭性断层并不是其优选的破裂方式,也就是说,像歧东断裂这样的X型正断裂也很难切穿基底地层。这使得X型断裂常常出现在盆地中部半固结的沉积物内。从这个意义上讲,X型断裂发育的半固结地层和刚性基底两者的内部应力场是不一样的,尽管大区域的东西向挤压应力是统一的。X型共轭断裂特殊的空间构造样式的识别及其构造意义的确定对寻找油气圈闭具有重要意义。由于X型断裂系是张扭性构造应力场条件下形成,体系具有相对较好的开放性,油气容易从下部油源运移到浅部形成圈闭,这是X型断裂相关油气勘探的大方向。但是X型断裂在相交区域变形的一些特点,又使得这些相关油气圈闭的勘探具有一定特殊性。     

延吉盆地油藏上的放射性异常特征

放射性测量在油藏上的异常特征反映了油藏储层的特征,所以通过放射性测量可以指示油藏的有利位置,为油气资源的勘探与评价提供信息.从延吉盆地进行的瞬时氡气测量、土壤天然热释光测量及伽马能谱测量的综合曲线出发,分析了油藏上、圈闭边缘及外侧的放射性异常特征,从而得出在油层上放时性异常特征为放射性低值,在圈闭边缘以外其放射性异常特征为放射性高值,并通过已知井进行了检正.由此提出可在构造圈闭的有利地段,利用简便的放射性综合测量对延吉盆地的勘探布钻进行指导,从而对延吉盆地的油气资源作出评价.     

Influence of Asian monsoon and ENSO events on particle fluxes in the western subtropical Pacific

A time-series sediment trap was deployed from October 2007 to May 2011 in the western subtropical Pacific with the aim of understanding the seasonal and inter-annual variability on particle flux in response to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Total mass fluxes varied from 3.04 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ to 31.1 mg m⁻² day⁻¹, with high fluxes during February–April and low fluxes during other months. This seasonal variation was also characterized by a distinct change in the CaCO₃ flux between the two periods. The marked increase in particle flux during February–April may be attributed to enhanced biological productivity in surface waters caused by strong wind-driven mixing in response to the western North Pacific monsoon system. The 2009/10 strong El Niño was accompanied by a significant reduction in particle flux, whereas the La Niña had no recognizable effect on particle flux in the subtropical Pacific. In particular, in the mature phase of the 2009/10 strong El Niño, the fluxes of organic carbon and biogenic silica decreased by 70–80% compared with those during the normal period, implying that the El Niño acted to suppress biological productivity in surface waters. The suppression of biological productivity during the 2009/10 strong El Niño is attributed to the decrease in precipitation due to the shift in the western Pacific warm pool. This finding is opposite that of other studies of the western equatorial Pacific, where El Niño events were observed to result in an increase in biological productivity and particle flux. The difference in particle flux between the western equatorial and subtropical Pacific is attributed to the regional differences in oceanic and atmospheric circulation systems generated by the strong El Niño.     

鄂尔多斯盆地靖安油田长2油藏储集因素分析及有利圈闭预测

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井曲线等资料,对靖安油田长2油层组岩石类型、沉积构造和沉积相特征及砂体分布规律对圈闭的影响进行详细研究.结果表明,研究区长2油层组主要为三角洲平原沉积体系,发育主河道与分流河道砂体,靖安油田受沉积相带、鼻状隆起等因素控制.经油藏分析,靖安油田有利圈闭主要以构造圈闭为主,高闭合度鼻状隆起对油气藏形成具重要控制作用,分流河道汇合部位厚砂体是油气富集主要场所,大规模溶蚀作用形成局部高孔、高渗带是油气聚集成藏的有利地区.     

Formation Mechanism of the Changxing Formation Gas Reservoir in the Yuanba Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, China

In a very gentle platform-margin paleogeographic environment, platform-margin reef flat facies carbonate reservoir rocks were developed in the Changxing Formation of Yuanba field. Later weak structural evolution and diagenetic evolution caused the Changxing Formation to form lithologic traps, with good reservoirs such as dissolved bioclastic dolostone and dissolved pore dolostone. The Changxing Formation gas reservoir is a pseudo-layered porous lithologic gas reservoir under pressure depletion drive, with high H2S and moderate CO2 contents. This paper predictes that the conducting system for the Changxing Formation gas reservoir is possibly composed of the pores and microfractures in the Changxing Formation reservoir, the top erosional surface of the Changxing Formation, as well as the micropores and microfractures in the underlying formations. The Changxing Formation reservoir has experienced 3 hydrocarbon charging stages. This paper suggests that diffusion is the major formation mechanism for this gas reservoir. In the Middle and Late Yanshanian, the Yuanba area entered the major gas charging stage. The gas migrated mainly through diffusion and with the assistance of seepage flow in small faults and microfractures from the source rocks and the other oil-bearing strata to the Changxing Formation carbonate reservoir rocks, forming lithologic gas pools. In the Himalayan Epoch, the lithologic traps were uplifted as a whole without strong modification or overlapping, and were favorable for gas preservation.     

南海北部和中部硅藻通量季节性变化及其对季风气候的响应

通过对南海北部和中部两套时间序列沉积物捕获器中的颗粒物样品进行硅藻分析,揭示了南海北部和中部硅藻通量的季节变化规律及其区域差异和各自对东亚季风气候的响应.研究表明在南海北部和中部海域,硅藻通量可以在一定程度上指示海洋初级生产力水平,其中南海北部硅藻通量明显低于中部,这可能与北部颗粒物样品采集期间发生的E1 Ni(n)o...     

The particle fluxes in sediment traps from Niulang Guyot area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

The flux of settling particles in the ocean has been widely explored since 1980s due to its important role in biogenic elements cycling, especially in the transport of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the deep sea. However, research in the seamount area of the oligotrophic subtropical Northwest Pacific Ocean is lacking. In this work, two sediment traps were deployed at the foot and another two at the hillside of Niulang Guyot from August 2017 to July 2018. The magnitude and composition of particle fluxes were measured. The main factors influencing the spatial variations of the fluxes were evaluated. Our results indicated a low particulate flux from Niulang Guyot area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, reflecting low primary productivity of the oligotrophic ocean. The total mass flux (TMF) decreased from 2.57 g/(m2·a) to 0.56 g/(m2·a) with increasing depth from 600 m to 4 850 m. A clear seasonal pattern of TMF was observed, with higher flux in summer than that in winter. The peak flux of 26.52 mg/(m2·d) occurred in August at 600 m, while the lowest value of 0.07 mg/(m2·d) was shown in February at 4 850 m. The settling particles at the deep layers had similar biochemical composition, with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) accounting for up to 90%, followed by organic matter and opal, characteristics of Carbonate Ocean. The POC flux decreased more rapidly in the twilight layer because of faster decomposition, remineralization, and higher temperature. A small fraction of POC was transported into the deep ocean by biological pump. Particle fluxes were mainly controlled by the calcareous ballasts besides the primary productivity of the surface water. The advection may be another important factor affecting the flux in the seamount area. The combination of settled matters rich in foraminiferal tests with topography and currents may be the reason for regulating the local abundance of benthos on seamounts. Our results will fill in the knowledge gap of sedimentation flux, improve the understanding of ecosystem in Niulang Guyot area, and eventually provide data support for the optimization of regional ecological modeling.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部中元古界潜山圈闭特征与成藏模式

鄂尔多斯盆地深层发育长城纪裂陷槽,但相关的圈闭类型和成藏条件不清。近期,在盆地北部杭锦旗地区发现了长城系砂岩潜山气藏,揭示该领域具有较好的勘探前景。通过最新的三维地震和钻井资料综合分析,结合区域构造演化阶段和典型气藏解剖,本次研究针对中元古界潜山圈闭的分布、类型及天然气成藏模式展开。结果表明：(1)研究区长城纪发育三个NW向裂陷槽,其中的独贵、蒋家梁裂陷槽受基底断裂反转活动影响,隆升剥蚀,形成低幅度的潜山隆起带;(2)残丘、隐丘及断丘型圈闭沿潜山隆起带呈带状分布,其中断丘型圈闭的闭合幅度最高;(3)潜山圈闭的成藏模式可分“上生下储”、“源储侧接”及“源外运移”等三种类型;(4)天然气藏分布受四个因素控制,其中烃源岩分布制约潜山气藏的分布范围;圈闭类型控制气藏规模与富集程度;断-缝发育程度控制储层物性及含气性;而侧向输导控制源外圈闭的成藏效率。因此,邻近煤系烃源岩的断丘型、残丘型圈闭将是研究区中元古界潜山勘探的首要目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地马家滩油田延长组油气成藏规律研究

本文以油气成藏的基本理论为指导,以测井、录井、分析测试等资料为依据,结合前人的研究成果,对鄂尔多斯盆地马家滩油田延长组的油气来源、储集条件、盖层条件、油气运移、圈闭形成与分布等油气成藏的基本条件进行分析研究。研究表明,长7油层组为马家滩油田最主要油气来源,长10油层组为其主要储集层,长10油层组顶部泥岩为主要盖层。马家滩油田断层发育,断层圈闭为主要圈闭类型,断层油气藏为该地区主要油气藏类型。有机质生烃作用作为油气运移的主要动力来源,断层为油气主要垂向运移通道。马家滩油田具有3大有利勘探区块,即马家滩、古峰庄、马儿庄-于家梁勘探区块,可作为未来的勘探方向。