Heavy metals in sinking particles and bottom sediments from the eastern Turkish coast of the Black Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, As, and Sb were determined in sediment trap and bottom sediment samples collected seasonally from a station on the eastern Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Cd, Pb and Mn concentrations were highest in the sediment trap samples except during the summer period, whereas Co, Ni, Zn and Fe levels were much lower than corresponding levels found in the surface sediments. Cu, Cr, As and Sb levels showed no definite trend with sediment type. In general, with the exception of Cr, relatively lower metal concentrations in the sediment trap material were determined in the summer period. The highest mass flux, 56.5 g m⁻² day⁻¹, was measured during autumn. The highest flux of heavy metals also occurred during autumn and was strongly dependent on particle mass flux. Based on these results, we suggest that the downward vertical transport of particulate heavy metals in this region is related to the high degree of land erosion and the resultant particulate flux dynamics, which occur here. It was noteworthy that the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe and Sb in particles were measured during winter a finding which suggests that enhanced fossil fuel combustion, which occurs during this period in adjacent urban and industrial areas plays an important role in the metal composition of sinking particles in nearshore waters.     

Distribution of 210Po and export of organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the southwestern East Sea (Sea of Japan)

The distribution of the natural radionuclide ²¹⁰Po in the water column along a horizontal transect of the continental shelf, slope and deep basin regions of the East Sea (Sea of Japan), a marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, was investigated, and its behavior is described here. The settling fluxes of particulate ²¹⁰Po in the deep basin along with ²¹⁰Pb, ²³⁴Th and biogenic matter were also determined. ²¹⁰Po inventories in the water column were observed to decrease from winter to summer in all stations, probably due to increased influx of ²¹⁰Po-poor Kuroshio Water of the Northwest Pacific Ocean during summer. Vertical profiles of dissolved and particulate ²¹⁰Po along with the settling fluxes of particulate ²¹⁰Po in the deep basin station have enabled us to evaluate temporal variations and residence times of ²¹⁰Po. In the slope and basin, activities of dissolved ²¹⁰Po generally decreased from the surface to the bottom water, with maximum activity just below the subsurface chlorophyll a maximum at 50–75 m depth in spring and summer. These subsurface peaks of dissolved ²¹⁰Po activity were attributed to the release of ²¹⁰Po from the decomposition of ²¹⁰Po-laden biogenic particulate organic matter. In the deep basin, despite the decrease in total mass flux, the sinking flux of particulate ²¹⁰Po was higher in the deeper trap (2000 m) than in the shallower one (1000 m), probably due to scavenging of dissolved ²¹⁰Po from the water column during particle descent and/or break-down of ²¹⁰Po-depleted particulate matter between 1,000 m and 2,000 m depths. In general, the ratios of the particulate phase to the dissolved phase of ²¹⁰Po (K_d) increased with depth in the slope and basin stations. ²¹⁰Po removal from the water column appears to depend on the primary productivity in the upper waters. There is an inverse relationship between K_d and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration in the water column. From the ²¹⁰Po activity/chlorophyll a concentration ratios, it appears that sinking particles arriving at 1000 m depth were similar to those in the surface waters.     

Sinking fluxes of particulate U-Th radionuclides in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

A record of radionuclide fluxes at a deep marginal sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (39°40′N 132°24′ E, Japan Basin, East Sea/Sea of Japan) was obtained from analysis of a 1-year continuous collection of sediment-trap samples. The trap was placed at a depth of 2800 m, 500 m above the sea floor, and the samples were recovered at the end of one year. Concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³⁴U, ²³²Th, ²³⁰Th and ²²⁸Th were measured in the trapped material. All of the radionuclide fluxes showed seasonal variations that were in phase with the variations in total particle flux, which were shown in earlier work to be closely tied to the primary production in the surface water. The formation of authigenic ²³⁸U appears to be less than in other open ocean regimes. The residence time of particulate thorium isotopes were of the order of a year, resulting in an average settling rate of a meter per day. Comparison of the measured ²³⁰Th_ex flux with that of the theoretical production in the overlying water column yielded about 40% surplus of ²³⁰Th, indicating that lateral advection contributes ²³⁰Th to this sampling site.     

欺骗诱捕技术在气象网络安全攻防对抗场景下的应用

随着信息技术的快速发展,网络安全形势愈发严峻,气象部门通过组织网络攻防演习,以实战标准检验并提升业务安全防护体系能力。在演习中,攻击队伍对重要业务单位的真实网络及信息系统进行攻击渗透,各业务单位作为防守方开展实时监控与应急处置。由于攻防双方信息不对等,防守方采用传统防御手段经常处于被动挨打的局面。为提升网络防御能力,本文研究伪装欺骗和攻击诱捕技术在气象部门网络安全实战场景下的应用,通过采用基于蜜罐的欺骗诱捕平台,构建主动防御体系,实现对异常网络流量的监测、分析和预警,并对攻击方进行诱捕、溯源。经过实战检验,欺骗诱捕技术的应用切实提高了网络安全防御能力,保障气象业务系统稳定运行。     

塔里木盆地构造样式与构造圈闭类型特征分析

依据塔里木盆地构造变形特征，可划分出压缩、伸展、走滑和反转四种构造样式。它们的发育特征控制了构造圈闭的形成和展布。据成因可将塔里木盆地构造圈闭划分为２类，５型，１５亚类。多期构造运动影响，多种构造样式的复杂组合，决定了塔里木盆地复式油气聚集带的形成。     

东营凹陷古近系岩性圈闭识别方法研究

针对东营凹陷岩性油气藏的勘探特点,在三级层序格架内识别出体系域,研究了主要岩性体的成因类型、分布特征及其时空配置关系,通过岩性油气藏储层模型的建立和地震预测模型参数的研究,提高了岩性圈闭预测评价和描述的精度.地质和地震预测技术研究的有机结合揭示了在高频可容纳空间变化条件下岩性体沉积作用的有序性及其边界条件,构成以地质规律为指导的岩性圈闭识别技术系列.     

渤中凹陷石南陡坡带构造-岩性复合圈闭的形成及分布规律

陡坡带是箕状凹陷油气勘探的重要构造带,构造-岩性圈闭发育,是油气勘探的重要领域,但是陡坡带构造、沉积相带迁移变化和构造-岩性圈闭分布的控制因素复杂。以渤海海域渤中凹陷石南陡坡带为例,分析陡坡带构造-岩性圈闭的成因与分布规律。石南陡坡带发育上倾尖灭型、下倾尖灭型、侧向尖灭型和物性封闭型等4种类型的构造-岩性复合圈闭,其分布主要受控于坡折带类型与分布、水系方向与古地貌的配置关系以及基准面的旋回性变化。墙角式陡坡折带处是寻找构造-岩性复合圈闭最有利的位置。发育在不同层系、分布广泛的构造-岩性圈闭有利于弥补石南陡坡带纯构造圈闭的不足,降低陡坡带的勘探风险,石南陡坡带从勘探的早期就应建立构造-岩性复合圈闭勘探的思路。     

青海南部治多-杂多一带二叠系尕笛考组

青海南部二叠系尕笛考组厚度变化大,分布广,空间上呈链状展布。通过在该区地质调查对该组进行厘定,尕笛考组岩性组合为玄武岩、火山集块岩、火山角砾岩夹灰岩、砂岩和泥岩,与上覆九十道班组呈整合或假整合接触,为火山—沉积体系。尕笛考组产类Misellina-Schwagerina组合、非有孔虫、珊瑚Wentzellophyllum-Szechuanophyllum组合和腕足类等,表明地质时代为早二叠世罗甸期,与华南、西秦岭、藏东等地同期生物群可很好地对比,揭示出昌都地块在二叠纪时生物古地理区系属于特提斯大区华夏区,在构造古地理上为泛华夏大陆群或扬子板块的一个组成部分。     

河北怀来-涿鹿盆地更新世岩石地层和生物地层特征及时代

河北怀来—涿鹿盆地更新统自下而上划分为泥河湾组、官厅组、马兰组和吉家营组 4个组 ,其中吉家营组为一新建立的岩石地层单位。通过详细的生物地层学研究 ,共划分出 3个介形虫化石组合带、3个瓣鳃类及腹足类化石组合带和 8个孢粉组合带 ,结合各组同位素年龄数据 ,对其形成时代进行了探讨。     

济阳坳陷车15井区浊积扇沉积及油气勘探意义

根据岩心、地震、测录井资料,在济阳坳陷车镇凹陷车15井区的沙三下砂砾体中识别出滑塌浊积扇和深水浊积扇。其中,车古25井以具水道补给的(有根的)滑塌浊积扇为特色;内扇及水道最发育,为碎屑流夹浊流的巨砾岩、中细砾岩(厚10～20 m)与砾质砂岩夹薄层深灰、灰色泥岩;崩塌成因的巨砾(大小1.06 m)反映了陡的斜坡;地震上呈楔状外形,内扇为弱反射,中扇与外扇为发散、亚平行的连续反射。车57井以粒度偏细且有根的深水浊积扇与深湖相互层为特色;中扇发育,为厚(5～11 m)的水道碎屑流细砾岩与砾质砂岩,夹深灰色泥岩;水道沉积表现为钟型测井曲线。顺水道方向滑塌浊积扇由北而南产生进积,向盆出现深水浊积扇;2类扇体沿主构造线串珠状排列,包裹于大片的深湖相中,呈现"深湖包扇"的沉积格局。不同类型浊积扇的识别及其边界的确定,对于该区隐蔽圈闭勘探具有重要意义。