四川盆地西部边缘地区油气前景

本文以板块运动观点,综合四川盆地西部地区的沉积、构造、地热特征,对四川盆地西部边缘地区油气形成条件作了分析论证,认为该区具有良好的油气前景。通过对火井背斜的实践,指出本区的油气层以三叠系上统须家河组(中深层油气)为主,二叠系下统(深层气)为次,侏罗系沙溪店组局部也有浅层气。     

沾化凹陷下第三系不整合类型及其地质意义

渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷下第三系中发育一系列不整合面，分隔了不同级别的地层单元，地层记录出现了间断。虽然对间断历史的推测十分困难，但这些不同组织、样式与分布的不整合面组成的系列时空型式不仅为各地层单元形成限定了边界约束，而且为整个凹陷的盆地动力学分析提供了时空框架和动力学信息。沾化凹陷的不整合成因类型包括基底不整合、裂陷幕不整合、破裂不整合和与构造活动、水位变化、沉积过程及气候变迁相联系的不整合或沉积间断。综合性的不整合研究不仅可以用于盆地动力学研究，也是石油勘探寻找油气圈闭的有效手段。     

楚雄盆地上三叠统深盆气成藏条件研究

楚雄盆地经历了多次叠加和多期改造,但仍存在深盆构造区.上三叠统为海相和海～陆交互相含煤地层,烃源岩以泥岩、页岩为主,也有部分灰岩、泥灰岩和少量碳质泥岩、页岩及煤.煤系气源岩分布广、厚度大、热演化程度高,为楚雄深盆气的形成提供了充足的气源.直接接触的生储组合广布于盆地中,储层致密,对深盆气的聚集和富集成藏十分有利.气源岩在早白垩世中期-晚白垩世中期为湿气主要生成阶段,其后进入干气大量生成时期,成为深盆气形成的重要时期.喜山运动后盆地主体仍处于地下水交替停滞带,深盆气藏存在整体封存条件.从源岩演化程度和直接接触的生储组合来看,上三叠统形成了一个几乎覆盖全盆地的特大型深盆气藏.根据深盆气藏的主控地质因素的分析,可将楚雄盆地划分为深盆气分布区、气水过渡带和上倾含水区三个区带。     

Springs in a headwater basin in the Deccan Trap country of the Western Ghats, India

Available literature reveals that little work has been done on the origin of springs in a basaltic terrain. Close examination of such springs in about 2,000 km² of the upper Koyna River basin in the Deccan Trap country of the Western Ghats (hills), India, reveals that their origins are dependent on the lithologic character of different basaltic flow units and the existing physiography. Although rainfall, its seasonality and areas of recharge, play vital roles in the recharge of these springs, their yields are also controlled by lithological variations and hydraulic characteristics of their source-aquifers. Chemical concentrations of these springs are heavily dependent on the lithological compositions of the source-aquifers and the residence time of groundwater in these aquifers. Currently, basaltic springs are classified with those issuing from other terrains. However, because the emergence of groundwater in the form of springs is largely controlled by the lithology and the resulting water-bearing properties of the formations, a new classification scheme is proposed that classifies the springs on the basis of their source-aquifers. While tapping springs for drinking/irrigation purposes, it must be remembered that they also sustain thousands of other life forms vital to a balanced ecosystem. Changes in the uses of these springs may also affect other human communities downstream. Therefore, before developing spring flow, a trade-off must be made considering local needs and downstream users. Emphasizing only local human needs may lead to severe intercommunity conflict and negative environmental consequences. Electronic Publication     

用FPAS分析气势--以琼东南盆地为例

地层流体受两大流体系统的控制：压实流和重力流。利用流体势分析系统(简称FPAS)研究地下流体势及压力分布可克服井资料不系统的局限性，有效地进行油气资源的预测评价。由于琼东南盆地地质务件极其复杂，海洋油气勘探程度很低，勘探成本高，石油地质研究水平也比较低，分析认为区内有巨大的油气资源前景，但油气运移方向和路程均不清楚。用地下流体力场和势分析的方法可以统一处理和定量解释油气的运移和聚集规律，明确预测油气运移的主通道，确定有利的油气勘探靶区，显著提高钻探成功率。综合本区剖面、平面流体势及压力特征，结合其他有关地质资料，找出最有利的勘探目的层位。该方法在琼东南盆地松东地区的应用，取得了良好的效果。     

Topographic and climatic influences on accelerated loess accumulation since the last glacial maximum in the Palouse, Pacific Northwest, USA

Topographic and climatic influences have controlled thick loess accumulation at the southern margin of the Palouse loess in northern Oregon. Juniper and Cold Springs Canyons, located on the upwind flank of the Horse Heaven Hills, are oriented perpendicular to prevailing southwesterly winds. These canyons are topographic traps that separate eolian sand on the upwind side from thick accumulations (nearly 8 m) of latest Pleistocene to Holocene L1 loess on the downwind side. Silt- and sand-rich glacial outburst flood sediment in the Umatilla Basin is the source of eolian sand and loess for the region. Sediment from this basin also contributes to loess accumulations across much of the Columbia Plateau to the northeast. Downwind of Cold Springs Canyon, Mt. St. Helens set S and Glacier Peak tephras bracket 4 m of loess, demonstrating that approximately 2500 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ of loess accumulated between about 15,400–13,100 cal yr B.P. Mass accumulation rates decreased to approximately 250 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ from 13,100 cal yr B.P. to the present. Tephrochronology suggests that the bulk of near-source Palouse loess accumulated in one punctuated interval in the latest Pleistocene characterized by a dry and windy climate.     

地震数据处理解释一体化在隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用

Nowadays, it becomes very urgent to find remain oil under the oil shortage worldwide.However, most of simple reservoirs have been discovered and those undiscovered are mostly complex structural, stratigraphic and lithologic ones. Summarized in this paper is the integrated seismic processing/interpretation technique established on the basis of pre-stack AVO processing and interpretation.Information feedbacks occurred between the pre-stack and post-stack processes so as to improve the accuracy in utilization of data and avoid pitfalls in seismic attributes. Through the integration of seismic data with geologic data, parameters that were most essential to describing hydrocarbon characteristics were determined and comprehensively appraised, and regularities of reservoir generation and distribution were described so as to accurately appraise reservoirs, delineate favorite traps and pinpoint wells.     

Effect of ‘species weighting’ on conservation status evaluation: a case study with light-traped adult caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)

Wildlife conservation requires methods to express the conservation status of assemblages in order to identify those of importance. Expressions of diversity and a number of different conservation status indices are widely used techniques for assessing assemblages. Some of these indices are based on species lists, while others use abundances. In this study, the conservation statuses of 21 light-traped adult caddisfly assemblages were compared using species lists and abundance data. The results showed that the assessment based on species list provided a higher conservation status than that based on species abundances. Consequently, indices incorporating species abundances were not comparable with indices using only species lists. The difference between the two measures might be derived from the unequal weighting of species categories. In conclusion, incorporating species abundance reduces sampling method bias and increases the precision of the conservation status evaluation.     

Types of Karst-fractured and Porous Reservoirs in China＇s Carbonates and the Nature of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin

Almost all the oil and gas reservoirs developed in marine sedimentary strata of China have undergone processes of multi-phase reservoir formation and later modification. The irregular reservoirs are classified into three types as the Naxi, Tahe and Renqiu ones, increasing successively in the development degree of karstificated pores and fissures and the connection degree of independent reservoirs. In these reservoirs, the unity in the fluid feature, pressure and oil-gaswater interface also increases successively from the Naxi to the Renqiu type. The main body of Ordovician reservoirs of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin is a network pool rather than a stratified, massive, stratigraphically-unconformed or weathering-crust one. The fluid nature of oil, gas and water, the interface positions and the pressures, as well as the dynamic conditions of fluids within the reservoirs during the production are all different from those in stratified or massive oil and gas reservoirs. Carbonates in the Akekule uplift and the Tahe Oilfield are assemblages of various types of reservoirs, which have an overall oH-bearing potential and obvious uneven distribution. Testing and producing tests are the major means to evaluate this type of reservoirs and acid fracturing improvement is a key link in petroleum exploration and development.     

烃浓度盖层封闭天然气的有效性及其研究意义

本文在烃浓度盖层封闭机理及其形成地质条件分析的基础上，通过烃浓度盖层封闭能力形成时期的确定，利用其与气源岩排气门限的匹配关系，探讨了烃浓度盖层封闭天然气的有效性。烃浓度盖层封闭能力形成时期只有早于或相近于气源岩排气门限时，才能有效地封闭气源岩排出呈分子扩散相运移的天然气；否则其封闭的有效性变差。并以松辽盆地三肇凹陷青山口组烃浓度盖层对下伏侏罗系气源岩天然气封闭的有效性为例进行分析，阐明其在天然气远景资源评价中的重要意义。