北喜马拉雅地区三叠纪地层划分

北喜马拉雅地区的三叠纪地层发育完整,层序清楚、构造简单、未变质,可分为土隆群、曲龙共巴组与德日荣组３个岩石地层单位,其中生物化石丰富,属典型的特提斯动物群。该地层主要出露于亚东、定结、定日、聂拉木土隆、普兰、札达马阳一带,呈东西向带状展布,在我国境内延伸达１５００ｋｍ以上,与印度库蒙（Ｋｕｍａｕｎ）地区的三叠纪地层（由下而上为：Ｃｈｏｃｏｌａｔｅｓｅｒｉｅｓ,Ｋａｌａ－ｐａｎｉＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅ,ＫｕｔｉＳｈａｌｅ,ＫｉｏｔｏＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅ）可以进行对比。     

四川盆地晚三叠世动力学特征及与油气运聚的关系

晚三叠世是四川盆地形成演化的起点,其地层是油气勘探的一个重要目标层。通过对四川盆地晚三叠世动力学特征的分析,建立其动力学模型（构造应力（叠加）场模型）,采用有限单元法进行模拟,其结果显示,四川盆地晚三叠世构造应力条件以ＮＷ—ＳＥ方向的挤压占主导。构造动力是油气运聚的驱动力,驱使油气运移的动力来自构造应力场,通过模拟认为,四川盆地晚三叠世构造应力场形成的圈闭为模拟计算的最大应力值２．０～４．０ＭＰａ之间的区域。     

Organosulfates – A New Component of Humic-Like Substances in Atmospheric Aerosols?

Ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) was used to obtain further qualitative information about the chemical composition of humic-like substances (HULIS) in atmospheric particulate matter. Particles ≤10 μm (PM₁₀) were collected on quartz fiber filters for 24 h in the region of Basel (Switzerland) and extracted with water. HULIS were separated from inorganic salts by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and detected by electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode (ESI(−)). Series of consecutive fragment ion spectra (MSⁿ) were recorded by ITMS. Full scan mass spectra of the extracts showed a mass distribution pattern characteristic for HULIS. Different molecular ions were selected from this pattern for further fragmentations. Among them the molecular ion m/z 299 was considered as representative and intensively studied. Many MS² and MS³ fragment spectra contained a fragment m/z 97 and a neutral loss of 80 u. Time-of-flight (TOF) MS and deuterium exchange experiments identified m/z 97 as hydrogen sulfate. MS² and MS³ fragment spectra supported the existence of sulfate covalently bound to HULIS. The fragmentation behavior of sulfated HULIS could be confirmed by model compounds.     

The Sea of Okhotsk: A Window on the Ice Age Ocean

The modern Sea of Okhotsk and the high-latitude glacial ocean share similar radiolarian faunas suggesting they also share environmental similarities. This sea favors deep- (>200 m) over shallow-living species as evidenced by collections of sediment traps set at 258 and 1061 m in the central part of the Sea. Of the twelve dominant polycystine radiolarian species, four live above and eight below 258 m. The shallow-living species’ productivity maxima coincide with spring and fall phytoplankton blooms while deep-living species’ annual production, nearly twice that of the shallow-living species, is concentrated in fall. Previous workers have shown that summer plankton tows collect higher concentrations of polycystine Radiolaria below than above 200 m and that Radiolaria, fish and zooplankton have unusual concentration maxima between 200 and 500 m. The paucity of Radiolaria and other consumers above 200 m coincides with an upper (0–150 m) cold (−1.5°C to 1.5°C), low salinity layer while higher concentrations below 200 m occur within warmer saltier water. This unusual biological structure must produce a lower ratio of shallow (<200 m) to deep carbon remineralization than elsewhere in the world ocean.Deep-living radiolarian species, similar to those of the modern Sea of Okhotsk, dominate glacial high-latitude deep-sea sediments. If the hydrographic and biological structures that produced these glacial faunas were like those of the modern Sea of Okhotsk, then glacial high-latitude oceans would have differed from today's in at least two respects. Surface waters were less saline and more stable enhancing the spread of winter sea ice. This stability, combined with a deepening of nutrient regeneration, reduced surface water nutrients contributing to a reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide.     

Study on the slope break belts in the Jurassic down-warped lacustrine basin in western-margin area, Junggar Basin, northwestern China

The Junggar Basin is one of the large-scale petroliferous basins in northwestern China. During the Jurassic Age it was a down-warped continental basin. Different types of slope break belts with different origins have been identified in the basin, including the fracture, flexure, erosional and depositional slope break belts. Fracture and flexure slope break belts were mainly developed in the western-margin area of the Junggar Basin. Slope break belts can be further divided into two types, which are basin margin and inner basin according to their geographical locations. Tectonic movements are the important origin mechanisms controlling the development of the slope break belts, such as deep-seated thrust structure, inherited paleouplift and secondary fracture movement in the basin. Obviously slope break belts are developed in episodes, developed in multi-stages and are differential in movements and can be inherited and transformed due to the changes of tectonic movements in different periods and different areas. Detailed studies indicate that slope break belts obviously control the strata onlap, the vertical lithologic succession and the vertical and lateral distribution of depositional systems. Slope break belts can control the distribution of different non-structural traps.     

构造变动对油气藏保存的影响

在油气藏保存条件的诸多因素中,构造变动是最直接、宏观的影响因素。通过综合研究,建立了构造变动对原生油气藏保存的四种影响模式,即整体上升对油气藏盖层的影响,差异升降及断裂活动对圈闭客积的改变,断层的封启性对油气藏保存、散失或再分配的影响等。其影响的结果或程度主要取决于升降的幅度、断裂(活动)性质及其时空分布特征和断裂封闭或开启的程度。研究结果表明,油气封盖层的厚度及其封盖能力受构造抬升、剥蚀作用的影响较大,油气藏储集容积是区域构造面倾角的函数,二者成反比,而有效封盖厚度是盖层真厚度、断层落差和盖层倾角的函数。     

Contrasts in sedimentation flux below the southern California Current in late 1996 and during the El Niño event of 1997–1998

The vertical flux of particulate matter at 330 m depth in San Lázaro Basin off southern Baja California ranged from 63 to 587 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ between August and November 1996. Organic carbon contents were between 5.6 and 14.8%, yielding flux rates of 9–40 mgC m⁻² d⁻¹. In December 1997 and January 1998, at the height of the strong El Niño event, the respective fluxes (47–202 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ and 3–8 mgC m⁻² d⁻¹) were comparable. The February–June 1998 records, however, revealed sharply reduced mass (1–6 mg m⁻² d⁻¹) and organic carbon (0.2–0.8 mgC m⁻² d⁻¹) fluxes. The organics collected in 1996 were predominantly autochthonous (δ¹³C=−22‰; C/N=8). The variations in δ¹⁵N (8.3–11.0‰) suggest an alternation of new and regenerated production, possibly associated with fluctuations in the intensity of deep mixing during that autumn. The relatively high organic matter fluxes in December 1997 appear to be associated with regenerated production. The average composition from February to June 1998 (δ¹³C=−23.6‰; ¹⁵N=11.7‰; C/N=10.5) indicates degraded material of marine origin. The maximum δ¹⁵N value found (14‰) suggests that deeper, denitrified waters were brought to the surface and possibly advected laterally. Regime changes in the waters of the basin occur at 6–10 week intervals, evidenced by concurrent shifts in most of the measured parameters, including fecal pellet types and metal chemistry. The marine snow-dominated detritus collected showed a shift from a mixed diatom-rich-radiolarian-coccolith assemblage in late 1996 to a coccolith-dominated assemblage, including the contents of fecal pellets, during the 1997–1998 El-Niño period. T–S profiles, plankton analysis and chlorophyll contents of the upper water column indicated that the strong phytoplankton bloom, normally associated with seasonal upwelling along the Pacific coast of Baja, did not occur during the spring of 1998. The persistence of oligotrophic conditions during the 1997–1998 El Niño event favored the dominance of nanoplankton and reduced the vertical flux of particles.     

泥沙捕集器在长江口航槽区域放投放和观测

本文报道了５套泥沙捕集器在１９８７年８月１３－１７日和１９９０年２月２２－２６日期间在长江口北槽航区域现场投放和观测，集沙杯由有机玻璃制成，内径为５ｃｍ，杯高２１ｃｍ。对在小风情形，小风转大风情形和寒潮大风情形下集沙杯捕获沙样的干重和沙样的中值粒径垂直分布的特征分别作了描述，阱而为大风浪引起航槽游积及其底沙粗化提供了确凿证据。     

飘袋式捕沙器试制及其应用研究

介绍新近试制的飘袋式捕沙器的结构、测量原理、操作方法和输沙率计算程序。在湄洲岛客运码头附近沙滩的应用研究结果表明 ,该种捕沙器可用于现场实测由各种波生流或其它复杂水动力因素产生的沙质沉积物的迁移速率。这对于难以应用模拟计算法取得沉积物输沙率的复杂环境滨海区 ,提供了一种较好的实测方法