大庆地区东西剖面油气的应力圈闭初探

以大庆地区地质资料为基础，应用弹性力学问题的有限单元法．计算大庆地区东西剖面的应力场，分析多个指标的分布特点及其所指示的应力圈闭和流体活动特点，为今后油田的勘探和开发提供新依据。     

Rare earth elements and Opal/CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ratio of sinking particles observed with a time-series sediment trap at the mouth of Tokyo Bay

A time-series sediment trap was deployed from December 1994 to February 2002 at the mouth of Tokyo Bay (35°03′ N, 139°40′ E; water depth, 850 m). Sinking particles were obtained with a time interval of one week at a depth of approximately 100 m above the sea floor. Observed total mass fluxes varied from 3.3 to 226.7 g/m²/day with an average of 28.0 g/m²/day. Concentrations of rare earth elements, Al, Ca and Si in particulate materials were measured. The combustible fraction at 450°C is assumed to be equivalent to the organic matter content. Contents of biogenic materials, namely organic matter, opal and calcium carbonate, were about 30% and the content of lithogenic material was about 70%. Using La/Yb ratios of particles from the sediment trap and Tama-gawa River and surface sediment of Tokyo Bay, it was estimated that about 50% of the lithogenic particles collected in the sediment trap at the mouth of Tokyo Bay originated from resuspended surface sediment in Tokyo Bay. An increasing trend of Opal/CaCO₃ ratio in the sinking particles was found in the spring season. It is suggested that the relative increase of diatoms is due to the decreasing dissolved inorganic nitrogen input into Tokyo Bay.     

北戴河海滩泥沙捕获实验及其初步结果分析

介绍了利用泥沙捕获器观测破波带泥沙垂直分布结构的现场实验方法和基本程序，以及利用实验结果计算泥沙通量的方法。研究表明，近岸带泥沙运移通量及其在垂向上的分布受破波带相对位置和海滩地形变化的影响。在破波点附近，波浪的搅动和流场作用强，泥沙运移通量增大，泥沙在波浪的作用下可以大量进入垂直水体以悬移和跃移的方式运移。在本实验中，破波点附近的泥沙在距海底100cm的垂直水体中运移，通量垂向向上逐渐减小。远离破波点，泥沙运移通量和进入垂直水体的高度明显下降。在地形变化复杂的有坝海滩，沙坝顶部的泥沙运移通量最大，泥沙进入垂直水体运移的机率增加，而在沙坝问的沟槽内，波浪和海流作用减弱，泥沙通量和垂向进入水体运移的比例下降。     

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of sinking particles in the eastern bransfield strait (Antarctica)

A time-series sediment trap was deployed at 1,034 m water depth in the eastern Bransfield Strait for a complete year from December 25, 1998 to December 24, 1999. About 99% of total mass flux was trapped during an austral summer, showing distinct seasonal variation. Biogenic particles (biogenic opal, particulate organic carbon, and calcium carbonate) account for about two thirds of annual total mass flux (49.2 g m^-2), among which biogenic opal flux is the most dominant (42% of the total flux). A positive relationship (except January) between biogenic opal and total organic carbon fluxes suggests that these two variables were coupled, due to the surface-water production (mainly diatoms). The relatively low δ¹³C values of settling particles result from effects on C-fixation processes at low temperature and the high CO² availability to phytoplankton. The correspondingly low δ¹⁵N values are due to intense and steady input of nitrates into surface waters, reflecting an unlikely nitrate isotope fractionation by degree of surface-water production. The δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values of sinking particles increased from the beginning to the end of a presumed phytoplankton bloom, except for anomalous δ¹⁵N values. Krill and the zooplankton fecal pellets, the most important carriers of sinking particles, may have contributed gradually to the increasing δ¹³C values towards the unproductive period through the biomodification of the δ¹³C values in the food web, respiring preferentially and selectively¹²C atoms. Correspondingly, the increasing δ¹⁵N values in the intermediate-water trap are likely associated with a switch in source from diatom aggregates to some remains of zooplankton, because organic matter dominated by diatom may be more liable and prone to remineralization, leading to greater isotopic alteration. In particular, the tendency for abnormally high δ¹⁵N values in February seems to be enigmatic. A specific species dominancy during the production may be suggested as a possible and speculative reason.     

领土VS主权：政治地理学领土陷阱理论研究进展

领土/领域是政治地理学的核心概念,领土陷阱是政治地理学的经典理论之一。论文系统整理了关于领土陷阱的成果文献,在此基础上梳理了领土陷阱理论的源起、发展及其研究议题进展,并对其借鉴意义进行了评述。John Agnew提出的领土陷阱理论基于3个地理假设：领土—国家—主权的“三位一体”、国内—国外的“二分法”、国家是社会的容器。领土陷阱驳斥了既有的国家中心主义领土观,强调重视领土主权之外的多种实效主权形式,如域外治权、分级主权、社会主权等。领土陷阱如今被广泛应用于全球治理、非传统安全、跨境移民、跨境资源保护、跨境水政治等多方面的议题,并随着时代发展展示出其强大的解释力。论文认为,领土陷阱相关研究的主张,如领土是主权的工具、要从领土主权和实效主权的复杂互动中理解领土问题、从中心和边缘的双向视角理解领土问题、从理性和历史情感中审视领土问题等,对于中国当下有效解决领土问题、推动“一带一路”倡议、践行“人类命运共同体”等具有重要的启示意义。     

再论流体势及其与圈闭和油气藏关系

在Hubbert(1953)关于流体势和圈闭的经典论文基础上,从流体势计算的基本原理出发,论证了气势与水势、油势计算表达式的具体形式是不同的,如等地温梯度的静水压力场中理想气体的势包含压力的对数函数与线性函数之和,而不只是包含压力的线性函数.表述了同一求势面所对应的测势面对于不同流体是不同的;指出了圈闭的溢出点通常是等势面与非渗透层面交线的切点;应用简洁的数学分析方法,推导了地下水三维流动情形下油(气)等势面某点切平面坡度与水头、渗滤速度关系的表达式,其中坡度绝对值与渗滤速度关系的表达式为:tanθ=√v2x v2y/|vf vz|,其中vf=K[ρw-p(p)]g/μ,式中:θ为切平面的倾角;vx、vy和vz分别为沿坐标轴ox、oy和oz方向的渗滤速度分量;K和μ分别为渗透率和水的动力黏度;ρw、ρ(p)分别为水和油(气)的密度.根据这些基础性的分析,对被广泛引用的Levorsen(1954)的背斜-水动力复合油藏中水头与油水界面产状的关系示意图进行了两点修改:将油水界面改为曲面、将油水界面处油藏的测势面改为高于油水界面处水的测势面的水平面;对向斜部位聚集油气的水动力条件进行了讨论,认为只有两(各)翼水流都向下流动且水流强度中等条件下才能在向斜部位聚集油气.     

反转构造与油气圈闭

反转构造作为伸展盆地中的重要构造类型以及它对油气的聚集作用己成为石油地质界广泛重视的研究课题之一。盆地从拉张→挤压的构造反转对油气生成、运移和聚集有明显的控制作用。本文在综述反转构造的研究进展基础上，重点对伸展盆地反转构造构造样式、圈闭条件及其与油气聚集的关系进行了论述，旨在为我国东部含油气盆地中寻找与反转构造有关的油气藏提供科学基础。     

安徽省第四纪岩石地层序列

依据《国际地层指南》（1979）和《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》（2001,修订版）,总结多年的研究成果,按照多重地层划分原则,厘定安徽省第四纪地层序列,并结合年代地层和气候地层研究,试与最新的国际地层表（2004）和中国区域年代地层（地质年代）表（2002）对比。安徽省第四纪地层主要发育于淮北平原、江淮波状平原和沿江丘陵平原。平原与山麓、河谷与波状平原、河谷与垅状平原,分别平行地发育两套地层,其沉积环境不同,在剖面上相互交错;而且绝大部分岩石地层单位是穿时的     

广西乐业林旺金矿床构造解析及构造成矿作用

详细的构造解析表明,矿床构造线主要分为南北向、北东东向和北西向三组,其中造山期间形成的南北向构造线(不对称褶皱和逆冲断层)控制了矿床的基本构造格架。后碰撞造山侧向挤压期间构造应力场发生近直交的改变,一方面使造山期形成的褶皱发生重褶,形成走向北东东的叠加褶皱;另一方面导致F1的左旋-正滑运动,矿液沿着断层拉张的空间沉淀就位。矿床构造演化至少经历了同生期裂陷、造山期挤压和后碰撞造山侧向挤压等三个阶段,成矿发生在后碰撞造山侧向挤压阶段。层状矿体主要赋存于背斜构造中,在空间上与赋存于断层中的脉状矿体相连。能干性和渗透性明显不同的地层组合是形成层状矿体的岩性基础,断裂构造则是主要控制因素。泥质不透水层分别与反冲断层、背斜构造组成的构造圈闭,以及两期非共轴背斜叠加形成的构造高点则是形成厚大矿体的主要原因。林旺金矿在烂泥沟金矿与水银洞金矿之间形成了一个从脉状型式→脉状和层状之复合型式→层状型式的完整矿床型式系列。这种复合矿床型式直观地表明了层状矿体是后生热液成因矿床。