三维模型重建中影像纹理重组织方法研究

针对物体三维重建中影像文件多、纹理数据量大这一问题，提出了影像纹理数据重组织的数学模型和一个纹理重组织解决方案，根据这一方案对两组飞机模型的纹理进行了处理。试验结果表明．该方法能够有效地减少纹理数据量。     

秦岭环斑结构花岗岩中暗色包体的岩浆混合成因及岩石学意义——元素和Nd、Sr同位素地球化学证据

秦岭环斑结构花岗岩中的暗色包体主要为闪长质岩浆包体,SiO2(50％-62％)低,K2O Na2O(7．01％-9．4％) 高,里特曼指数(δ)为5-9,F、过渡性元素和稀土元素富集。包体和寄主岩石的主要氧化物之间具有良好的线性关系、稀土配分曲线和微量元素配分曲线相似,以及活动性组分、高场强元素、轻稀土和同位素特征等显示,寄主岩石和包体之间发生过明显的成分交换,这些成分在二者中大体上趋于平衡。这种特征表明,环斑结构花岗岩岩浆的形成至少与两种岩浆的混合有关。包体的(87Sr／86Sr)i较低(0．70514-0．70624)、εNd(t)值较高(-0．95--3．3)和富过渡性元素的特征揭示,形成包体的原始岩浆为起源于幔源的玄武质岩浆。包体和寄主岩石的关系显示岩浆的混合方式为基性岩浆注入到已经开始结晶的酸性岩浆。这些研究为环斑结构花岗岩是起源于地壳的酸性岩浆和起源于地幔的基性岩浆形成的混合岩浆结晶的产物提供了新证据;同时,也为环斑结构的混合成因研究提供了新思路和途径。     

Spinel-facies mantle xenoliths from Cerro Redondo, Argentine Patagonia: Petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic evidence of interaction between xenoliths and host basalt

Cerro Redondo is an ancient cinder cone now almost completely eroded, sited over a sill that corresponds to a sub-volcanic magma chamber, in Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, Argentina. It is composed of Pliocene-Pleistocene alkaline basalt containing spinel-facies lherzolite and harzburgite mantle xenoliths. Core compositions of pyroxenes indicate temperatures of 823 °C to 1043 °C and pressures of 12.4 kb to 21.4 kb. Based on P–T estimates, petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic characteristics, we propose that Cerro Redondo xenoliths come from a thick homogeneous mantle column (36 km to 63 km depth), and present different degrees of basalt infiltration. A simple mixing model based on Sr isotopes was used to quantify the host basalt infiltration, and contamination values of 0.0%, 0.2%, 3%, and 12% were obtained for samples X-F, X-D, X-C, and X-B, respectively. For unknown reasons, samples X-G and X-E suffered selective isotopic and trace element modification, respectively, associated with 1% of basalt infiltration. Sample X-F best represents the sub-continental lithospheric mantle column, conserving primary equilibrium textures with sharp grain boundaries, and having TiO₂, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, and P₂O₅ contents lower than average spinel lherzolite, flat chondrite-normalized REE pattern, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.70519 and 0.51297, respectively. This sample records a decoupling of the Sr–Nd system where Sr ratios increase at constant Nd ratios, possibly caused by chromatographic processes. Its ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios are 17.987, 15.556, and 37.959, respectively. As the interaction with the host basalt increases, xenoliths show a gradual increase of disequilibrium textures such as reaction rims and exsolution lamellae in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, and increase of TiO₂, CaO, Al₂O₃, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, LREE, and incompatible element concentrations. The Sr–Nd system shows an unusual positive trend from the unmodified sample X-F toward the host basalt isotope composition with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.70447 and 0.51279, respectively, while ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios tend to increase toward those of the host basalt (18.424, 15.648, and 38.728, respectively) as the xenolith–basalt interaction increases. The basalt–xenolith reaction probably started during the transport of the xenoliths to the surface, and continued during the residence of xenoliths in the sub-volcanic magma chamber of Cerro Redondo.     

松辽盆地西部斜坡三维结构模拟研究

松辽盆地西部斜坡是整个松辽盆地油气勘探区的一部分,模拟斜坡区的三维结构对油气的勘探有比较重要的意义。利用遥感信息结合数字高程模型(DEM)生成地表的三维结构,同时通过对重磁等地球物理数据的反演,获得斜坡区地下地质界面的深度信息,从而直观再现了斜坡区地下三维结构图。由此,形成了斜坡区从地表到地下的三维结构模拟。     

A Comparison of Methods to Predict Soil Surface Texture in an Alluvial Basin

Surface soil texture controls many important ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic processes in arid regions and is therefore important from a land‐management perspective. Soil survey efforts have traditionally fulfilled this need, but they are constrained by the size, remoteness, and inaccessibility of many arid regions, which renders simple field measurements prohibitively expensive. This article compares several different predictive soil‐mapping techniques with a sparse data set in order to develop surficial soil texture maps. Our results suggest that data collected at the landscape scale can be used as input to predictive soil‐mapping techniques to create maps of soil texture at higher fidelity and a fraction of the cost than would be required using traditional methods.     

Texture‐based image segmentation applied to the quantification of superficial sand in salmonid river gravels

The presence of ?ne sediment in river gravels is widely recognized as being detrimental to salmonid habitat quality. In order to facilitate quanti?cation of sand presence at larger scales, this paper presents an application of image processing allowing for rapid and accurate assessments of super?cial sand presence in dry exposed ?uvial gravels. Images for the process are acquired with a 35 mm SLR ?lm camera and then scanned with a desktop scanner. Texture‐based segmentation is then applied to differentiate between sand and clast areas. Results show that the method is accurate and therefore it offers an alternative to bulk sampling in cases where rapid assessments of sand presence are required. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内蒙古大青山地区孔兹岩系的地层结构

内蒙古大青山地区普遍发育由孔兹岩系、黑云角闪片麻岩系、麻粒岩系和侵位其中的变质深成岩构成的高级变质杂岩。由于多期强烈的变形变质作用，区内孔慈岩系的地层结构十分复杂。近几年的1：5万区调研究查明，孔慈岩系是以构造不整合覆盖在麻粒岩系之上的一套高级变质地层，主要由榴云片麻岩岩组、透辉片麻岩岩组、大理岩岩组组成。它们均遭受了早期下地壳麻粒岩相环境的近水平顺层韧性剪切变形和后期高角闪岩相条件的近南北和近东西向构造变形，分别导致孔慈岩系变质地层的“岩层缺失、隔层相触”、“犬牙交错、搀杂产出”特征，对这些变质地层早期结构的恢复发现，区内孔慈岩系各岩组之间均以近水平剪切界面接触，表现为由近水平剪切界面所围限的透镜状地层岩片堆垛而成的地层结构。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜研究储层孔隙结构

这是一项首次应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜 (LSCM)的激光荧光技术于油气储层的孔隙结构研究。供LSCM用的样品,用环氧树脂加入荧光剂后,经加压灌注,磨制成岩石薄片,在LSCM显微镜下观察孔喉的分布,可以测量面孔率,并可标出需要测量的每个孔喉的大小以及观察孔喉形状及分布状况。该法的优点 :1.可直接测量和观察到 2 μm左右大小的孔喉。 2.在LSCM显微镜下可区分孔隙空间中的充填粘土杂基等,因此面孔率的测定较一般镜下统计和图像分析更为精确,因粘土矿物由于吸附染色剂后在颜色或灰度上有的不易区分。 3.岩石薄片中的微裂缝,在LSCM显微镜下可以更清楚地观察到。     

陆相伸展盆地的层序类型、结构和序列与充填模式--以冀中坳陷下第三系为例

陆相层序受自然地理景观、影响地层发育的地质营力及地层类型等因素影响,因此层序类型多种多样。在冀中坳陷同伸展期发育洪积层序、湖泊层序和冲积层序等三种层序类型。洪积层序是盆地伸展初期地貌反差较大物源供给充分气候干旱条件下发育的一种陆相层序类型,以冲积扇沉积为主,山高盆窄,汇水湖泊面积较小;湖泊层序发育在盆地强烈伸展基底快速沉降气候湿润湖泊水域宽深时期,湖泊水域宽,连通好,湖水深,是烃源岩发育的黄金时期。湖泊层序以湖泊沉积为主,其次为河流和少许冲积扇沉积。冲积层序是在盆地伸展末期地貌反差强度减弱物源距离逐渐加大时的沉积产物,主要为干旱气候条件下的河流、三角洲沉积,湖泊沉积局限。研究表明,影响陆相层序形成的构造、物源、气候等因素与湖泊水体或水平面变化构成一种多元“函数”关系,湖平面变化是上述因素的综合体现。陆相断陷盆地的层序结构大多与湖泊水体之间存在密切联系,因此层序的结构以三分为主。受地壳构造运动控制,断陷盆地发育的层序具有序列性,即下部洪积层序、中部湖泊层序和上部冲积层序。这种序列性是盆地充填对地壳幕式伸展的沉积响应。在盆地充填过程中,不同类型的陆相层序其体系域发育程度具有较大差异。一般地,洪积层序的低位域沉积?