结合Gabor纹理与几何特征的高分辨率遥感影像城区道路提取方法

在充分考虑道路频谱在不同频带、不同方向上能量分布的基础上,提出一种基于Gabor纹理与几何特征相结合的高分辨率遥感影像城区道路提取方法。首先通过Gabor滤波器组得到遥感影像不同频带、不同方向上的Gabor纹理特征,并利用K-means方法对遥感影像进行分割;然后利用形态学方法分割与道路相连的地物,并选取适当的几何特征剔除非道路地物;最后利用形态学方法对道路网进行修整。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效、便捷地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取城区主干道路网。     

基于全天空极光图像方向能量表征方法的极光事件分类

针对基于全天空极光图像的极光事件自动分类问题,提出一种基于方向能量二元编码重组表征的自动分类方法。首先,通过对多个方向上能量分解来描述极光事件中的局部纹理和各个方向上的运动信息,并且结合分块策略获得极光事件的全局形态信息;然后,借鉴一种二元编码重组的方式对多个方向能量进行融合,从而使得极光事件的表征具有同时表征局部纹理、全局形态和运动信息的能力。该表征方法完全不依赖于极光事件的长度,可用于表征不同持续时间的极光事件,并且不需要复杂的训练过程。利用最近邻和支撑向量机分类器分别对从中国北极黄河站拍摄到的极光图像中挑选的特定极光事件进行自动分类,结果表明,与其他两种典型的动态纹理描述方法相比,本文所提出的表征方法结合最近邻分类器,得到了最好的分类效果,能有效用于极光事件的分析,为海量数据中的极光事件自动分类提供了一种新方法。     

Towards automation of palynology 2: the use of texture measures and neural network analysis for automated identification of optical images of pollen grains

The automation of palynology (the identification and counting of pollen grains and spores) will be a small step for image recognition, but a giant stride for palynology. Here we show the first successful automated identification, with 100% accuracy, of a realistic number of taxa. The technique used involves a neural network classifier applied to surface texture data from light microscope images. A further significance of the technique is that it could be adapted for the identification of a wide range of biological objects, both microscopic and macroscopic. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掌鳞刺属演化及晚泥盆世环境变迁

牙形石掌鳞刺属Palmatolepis齿台结构和形态随时间演替 ,由近正三角形向长三角形、长菱形演化 ,在F/F界线附近受地质事件的影响而中断 ,使Palmatolepis齿台结构呈二段式发展 ,在Palmatolepis的分子中 ,那些演化速度快 ,结构变化大的分子首先灭绝 ,而那些演化速度慢 ,结构变化小的分子延续时间长 ,分布范围也更加广泛 ,在地质事件中被保留下来并得以延续 ,这种演化规律可能是生物有选择性灭绝与复苏的原因之一。晚泥盆世F/F之交环境的变化可能是由于海退 ,海底毒气喷发 ,超量金属元素的污染造成的     

翡翠的结构特征及其对翡翠质量的影响

通过对市面上常见翡翠结构的研究表明．翡翠的结构类型主要为：变晶结构、交代结构和碎裂结构，其中以粒柱状变晶结构最具代表性。不同结构的翡翠质量具有一定差异：变晶结构中以显微纤状变晶结构为最佳．具此结构的翡翠可达半透明至全透明；具交代结构的翡翠中常因含有钠质闪石、钠长石或绿泥石，且使翡翠的粒度不均匀而使其质量变差；具碎裂结构的翡翠硬度将略有降低．因而也会影响翡翠的质量。     

The Role of Lithospheric Mantle Heterogeneity in the Generation of Plio-Pleistocene Alkali Basaltic Suites from NW Harrat Ash Shaam (Israel)

Plio-Pleistocene volcanism in the Golan and Galilee (northeasternIsrael) shows systematic variability with time and location:alkali basalts were erupted in the south during the Early Pliocene,whereas enriched basanitic lavas erupted in the north duringthe Late Pliocene (Galilee) and Pleistocene (Golan). The basaltsshow positive correlations in plots of ratios of highly to moderatelyincompatible elements versus the concentration of the highlyincompatible element (e.g. Nb/Zr vs Nb, La/Sm vs La) and indiagrams of REE/HFSE (rare earth elements/high field strengthelements) vs REE concentration (e.g. La/Nb vs La). Some of thesecorrelations are not linear but upward convex. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratiosvary between 0·7031 and 0·7034 and correlate negativelywith incompatible element concentrations and positively withRb/Sr ratios. We interpret these observations as an indicationthat the main control on magma composition is binary mixingof melts derived from two end-member mantle source components.Based on the high Sr/Ba ratios and negative Rb anomalies inprimitive mantle normalized trace element diagrams and the moderateslopes of MREE–HREE (middle REE–heavy REE) in chondrite-normalizeddiagrams, we suggest that the source for the alkali basalticend-member was a garnet-bearing amphibole peridotite that hadexperienced partial dehydration. The very high incompatibleelement concentrations, low K content, very low Rb contentsand steep MREE–HREE patterns in the basanites are attributedto derivation from amphibole- and garnet-bearing pyroxeniteveins. It is suggested that the veins were produced via partialmelting of amphibole peridotites, followed by complete solidificationand dehydration that effectively removed Rb and K. The requirementfor the presence of amphibole limits both sources to lithosphericdepths. The spatial geochemical variability of the basalts indicatesthat the lithosphere beneath the region is heterogeneous, composedof vein-rich and vein-poor domains. The relatively uniform ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd(Nd = 4·0–5·2) suggests that the two mantlesources were formed by dehydration and partial melting of anoriginally isotopically uniform reservoir, probably as a resultof a Paleozoic thermal event. KEY WORDS: basanites; lithospheric heterogeneity; magma mixing; amphibole peridotite; pyroxenites     

一种新的基于Wold分解的纹理分析方法

针对纹理图像具有结构性和随机性的特点,提出一种新的统一的纹理描述方法。该方法基于Wold分解,在图像为均匀同质随机场的条件下,将纹理图像分解为结构性成份和随机性成份,用少量参数对纹理特征进行描述,为纹理图像的分割、检索、压缩提供了一个统一的纹理模型。     

结构光系统结合数码相机的小物体高质量纹理重建

针对双鸟饕餮纹夔神鼍鼓等小文物或其他小型物体,提出了基于结构光扫描系统结合普通高分辨率单反数码相机的纹理重建方法。该方法具有自动化程度高、效率和质量高的特点,其中主要解决了单张高分辨率影像与物体几何模型的自动配准,以及配准后从多张影像生成无缝纹理模型的问题。实验证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。     

城市3维模型构建方法研究与实现

3维模型的构建是城市3维地理信息系统建设的核心。介绍了基于现有数据资料制作城市3维模型的工艺流程,重点研究了利用城市大比例尺3维DLG数据批量获取建筑物高度的新方法和贴图制作过程。按照上述制作工艺和方法较好地解决了大面积城市3维建模这一问题,生成的模型具有很高的精度,完全满足城市3维建模的精度要求。