用海洋地震方法研究岩石圈结构

文中介绍了两类海洋地震方法及其所取得的成果。单船多道地震方法首先用于海洋石油勘探,后来用于研究地壳结构。但是排列短,故只能研究上地壳结构。７０年代,美国哥伦比亚大学的科学家发明了双船地震方法,扩展了排列长度,可研究地壳—上地幔的速度深度结构。但是双船地震方法在海上资料采集、室内资料处理方面比较复杂,且成本高（用两条船）。到８０年代初,英国科学家设计了一种长排列、大容积气枪震源的单船地震方法,采集了整个岩石圈的地震反射剖面,用于研究横穿大陆边缘、沉积盆地及主要构造线的岩石圈之结构,取得了令人振奋的地质成果。     

用伪谱法合成零偏移距地震记录

零偏移距地震记录是叠后偏移的基础,常用射线追踪法来制作,但当介质复杂时,射线会出现交叉现象,对三维情况计算量更大。从二维标量波动方程出发,用伪谱法研究了零偏移距地震记录的合成,给出了不同情况下的数值计算公式,并对边界吸收问题作了有效处理。数值计算结果表明了方法的正确性和有效性。该方法可用于偏移中正演模拟的快速计算,且易推广到三维情形。     

Quantification of strain rate in the Western Alps using geodesy: comparisons with seismotectonics

The contrasted seismotectonic regime of the Western Alps is characterized by radial extension in the high chain, combined with local compressive areas at the foothill of the belt, and everywhere occurrence of transcurrent tectonics. Here, we compare this seismotectonic regime to a large-scale compilation of GPS measurements in the Western Alpine realm. Our analysis is based on the raw GPS database, which give the measured velocity field with respect to the so called “stable Europe”, and an interpolated velocity field, in order to smooth the database on a more regular mesh. Both strain rate and rotational components of the deformation are investigated. The strain rate field shows patch-like structure, with extensional areas located in the core and to the North of the belt and compressional areas located in its periphery. Although the GPS deformation fields (both raw and interpolated) are more spatially variable than the seismotectonic field, a good qualitative correlation is established with the seismotectonic regionalization of the deformation. The rotation rate fields (both raw and interpolated) present counterclockwise rotations in the innermost part of the belt and a surprising continuous zone of clockwise rotations following the arc-shape geometry of the Western Alps along their external border. We interpret this new result in term of a counterclockwise rotation of the Apulia plate with respect to the stable Europe. This tectonic scheme may induce clockwise rotations of crustal block along the large strike-slip fault system, which runs in the outer part of the belt, from the Rhône-Simplon fault to the Belledonne fault and Southeastward, to the High-Durance and Argentera fault.     

大兴安岭北段牙克石地区玄武质火山岩的元素、 同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

牙克石地区出露一套早白垩世玄武质火山岩,其SiO2含量为52．81%-53．39％,K2O含量为1．86％-2．87％,岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,高场强元素Nb和Ta亏损明显,Zr和H阮明显异常,8Eu为0．77-0．82。从同住素的特点看,（^87Sr／^86Sr）,变化于0．704762-0．704941之间,εNd（t）为2．00～2．54;在εNd（t）-（^87Sr／^86Sr）闺解上,样品投影点落入洋岛玄武岩（OIB）和美国盆岭省范围内。^206Pb／^204pb为18．3288-18．4225,^207b／^204Pb为15、4566-15．4893,^208Pb／^204Pb为37．9401-38．0523：在。^207Pb/^24Pb-^206Pb.^204pb和,^208b／^304pb-^306Pb／^204pb图解上．样品投影点都落在亏损洋中脊玄武岩地幔附近。综合考虑本区火山岩的地质、地球化学特点,认为其来源于被俯冲洋壳交代的岩石圈地幔。     

确定油田钻井岩心原始方位的古地磁学方法探讨

通过对南泥湾油田钻井岩心部分样品的古地磁学实验分析，表明可以提取并分离岩石在不同地质历史时期所获得的剩磁组分，即次生粘滞剩磁分量(低温分量)与原生沉积剩磁分量(高温分量)。经分析可知。采用以低温分量拟合结果为主．并辅以高温分量拟合结果的方法可以很好的确定钻井岩心原始方位，从而对油田的进一步勘探开发有裨益。     

三维GIS场景绘制中的硬件加速

三维GIS的场景绘制涉及许多复杂对象且数据量巨大，给表达的真实性和实时性带来困难。基于NV扩展的OpenGL应用开发，可以充分利用图形加速卡的功能，有效地实现绘制性能的提高。该文阐释了加速原理和实现过程，并进行了实例研究和对比分析。     

Paleoproterozoic subduction-related metasomatic signatures in the lithospheric mantle beneath NE Brazil: inferences from trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of Neoproterozoic high-K igneous rocks

Late Neoproterozoic (ca. 580 Ma), high-K, mafic-intermediate rocks represent voluminous bimodal magmatism in the Borborema Province, northeast Brazil. These rocks show the following chemical signatures that reflect derivation from a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle source: (1) enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Ba, K, Th) and light rare-earth elements (REE) (La/Yb_CN=11–70), (2) pronounced negative Nb anomalies, and (3) radiogenic Sr (0.71202–0.7059) and unradiogenic Nd (_Nd from −9.3–−20.1) isotopic compositions. T_DM model ages suggest that modification of the lithospheric mantle source (metasomatised garnet lherzolite) may have occurred in the Paleoproterozoic during the Transamazonian/Eburnean tectonics that affected the region. Interaction with asthenospheric fluids is believed to have partially melted this enriched source in the Neoproterozoic, probably as a result of asthenosphere-derived fluid percolation in the Brasiliano/Pan-African shear zones that controlled the emplacement of these mafic-intermediate magmas. The involvement of this asthenospheric component is supported by the nonradiogenic Pb isotopic ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=16–17.3, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.1–15.6, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=36–37.5), which contrast with the enriched Sr and Nd compositions and thereby suggest the decoupling of Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd, and U–Pb systems at the time of intrusion of the mafic-intermediate magmas in the crust.     

歧口凹陷及周缘新生代构造的成因和演化

歧口凹陷及周缘构造带发育不同方向的新生代断层,主要包括NE、NNE、NEE、近EW和NW向等,从运动学平衡角度推测这些断层均应不同程度地表现为具走滑分量的正断层或上盘斜落的走滑断层。本文提出一个双动力过程模式来解释歧口凹陷及周缘构造带的形成和演化。始新世时主要发生NWW—SEE向区域裂陷伸展,形成NE—NNE向正断层和NEE—近EW向传递断层;渐新世时,受纵贯研究区的NNE向深断裂右旋走滑的影响,叠加了SN向的局部伸展,形成大量NEE—近EW向盖层正断层。晚第三纪时NNE向区域性伸展作用基本停止,深断裂仍继续右旋走滑活动,引起盆地区断层进一步活动。