浙江洪公铝质A型花岗岩类的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

初步研究表明,以往被认为是典型的I型花岗岩质岩石的浙江洪公岩体应为铝质A型花岗岩质岩石。该岩体以高钾为特征,K2O 达5％以上,K2O/ Na2O＞1.2,准铝-过铝质（A/NKC=0.80 ～1.14）;FeO*/MgO比值大（平均14.20）,高于M型、S型和I型花岗岩;富含稀土元素（ΣREE=313.09×10-6～523.73×10-6）,具有较高的Ga/Al（′104）值（2.92～4.29）和（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）元素组合值（551.5′10－6～987.4′10－6）,而亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等;Nd同位素模式年龄为1.3—1.6Ga,反映洪公岩体主要起源于地壳物质的部分熔融。区域背景、构造被动定位特点和地球化学综合分析表明,洪公岩体形成于拉张的构造环境。     

渤海湾盆地新生代沉降特征及其动力学机制探讨

综合分析了渤海湾盆地新生代以来断裂发育的分布规律,以及伸展量和沉积沉降随时间和空间的变化规律,并结合现今的深部结构特征,试图揭示盆地新生代沉降的地球动力学机制。发现在断陷阶段,断裂发育在时间和空间上控制了沉积沉降中心的迁移;坳陷阶段后期,在断裂作用非常弱的情况下,以渤中坳陷为中心,出现裂后加速沉降现象,并逐渐波及到相邻坳陷。断陷阶段的断裂发育和沉积沉降主要受板块运动形成应力场的控制,其沉降是岩石圈水平伸展和岩石圈垂向热减薄耦合作用的结果;而裂后加速沉降可能是岩石圈垂向密度突然变化及其后迅速热衰减造成的。     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island:influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified： the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea （ECS） slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initia- ted during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N--S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW--SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE -trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by FS, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

Skeletal linear extension rates of the foliose scleractinian coral Merulina ampliata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) in a turbid environment

Skeletal linear extension rates of a foliaceous, IndoPacific, skiophilous, heterotrophic, scleractinian Merulina ampliata (Ellis & Solander 1786) were obtained along a sediment/nutrient load gradient at the southern islands of Singapore. Measurements were made during November 1999– November 2000 using the alizarin red‐S staining technique. Suspended particulate matter concentration (r²_adj = 0.76), turbidity (r²_adj = 0.59), the organic content of suspended sediments (r² = 0.50), and nitrite‐nitrate concentration (r²_adj = 0.50) were significant predictors of the skeletal linear extension rate of M. ampliata. Maximum linear extension growth rates of M. ampliata (mean ± SD: 1.43 ± 0.67–3.26 ± 0.59 cm·year^?1) were comparable to 15‐year‐old accounts at the same research sites, indicating adaptation to low‐light, high‐sediment waters.     

Application of matter-element model in soil nutrient evaluation of ecological fragile region

On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And the ratios of soil samples grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da'an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island: influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified:the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea (ECS) slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initiated during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N-S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW-SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE-trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by F5, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

印度板块岩石圈地幔向北俯冲到羌塘地体之下的远震P波层析成像证据

利用PASSCAL、INDEPTH Ⅱ、INDEPTH Ⅲ、HIMNT等研究计划,及中国新疆地学断面和国家973项目在青藏高原布设的流动台站记录的到时数据,以及自1990年1月到2004年2月全球地震事件的震相报告,作者对覆盖印度大陆的恒河平原和整个青藏高原的305个地震台站记录的9649个远震事件,共139021条P波初至到时资料进行了层析成像反演．结果表明：印度岩石圈地幔在不同的位置向北俯冲的形态不同,但俯冲前缘都到达羌塘地体之下．沿88°E剖面显示,厚约100 km的印度岩石圈地幔从南部的恒河平原向北一直俯冲到青藏高原之下．在主边界逆冲断裂之下100 km深度处以约22°角度开始向北俯冲,俯冲最前缘到达羌塘地体的中部地区约34°N,之后进入上地幔深处．而沿北东方向的剖面则显示,印度岩石圈地幔以近水平的角度俯冲到青藏高原之下,向北越过班公－怒江缝合带,到达33°N附近,然后以大角度近乎垂直地向下俯冲断离,并引起地幔热物质的上涌,形成羌塘地体之下大规模的低速带．     

可拓分类方法及其在流动单元分类中的应用

可拓学是研究事物拓展的可能性和拓展规律与方法的科学,它可以广泛的应用于各种矛盾和对立问题的解决.可拓分类方法是利用可拓学理论对事物类型归属进行研究的动态分类方法.为了解决储层流动单元分类中现存误判率较高的问题,本文利用可拓分类方法对储层流动单元分类进行了研究,并把利用可拓分类获得的流动单元分类结果与灰关联聚类法判别分析结果进行了比较,发现可拓分类方法具有更强的判别能力,具有实用性强、误判率低的特点,判别准确率可比灰关联聚类法提高15%.这种方法不仅仅适用于流动单元分类,对于油气勘探开发的很多环节都将具有适用性.     

东海陆架外缘区构造特征及其成因机制

东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。     

Early Cretaceous Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Central Jiangnan Orogen in South China: Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotope Evidence from the Tuanshanbei Dolerite

It is well established that Cretaceous magmatism in the South China Block (SCB) is related to the Paleo-Pacific subduction. However, the starting time and the associated deep crust-mantle processes are still debatable. Mafic dike swarms carry important information on the deep earth (including mantle) geodynamics and geochemical evolution. In the Jiangnan Orogen (South China), there is no information on whether the Mesozoic magmatic activities in this region are also directly related to the Pacific subduction or not. In this study, we present detailed zircon U-Pb geochronological, whole-rock element and Sr-Nd isotope data for Early Cretaceous Tuanshanbei dolerite dikes, and provide new constraints on the condition of the lithospheric mantle and mantle dynamics of the SCB during that time. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that this dolerite erupted in the Early Cretaceous (~145 Ma). All samples have alkaline geochemical affinities with K2O + Na2O = 3.11–4.04 wt%, K2O/Na2O = 0.50–0.72, and Mg# = 62.24–65.13. They are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSE with higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.706896–0.714743) and lower εNd(t) (?2.61 to ?1.67). They have high Nb/U, Nb/La, La/Sm and Rb/Sr, and low La/Nb, La/Ta, Ce/Pb, Ba/Rb, Tb/Yb and Gd/Yb ratios. Such geochemical signatures suggest that the fractional crystallization is obvious but crustal contamination play a negligible role during magmatic evolution. Tuanshanbei dolerite were most likely derived from low-degree (2%–5%) partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing mantle material consisted of ~85% spinel peridotite and ~15% garnet peridotite previously metasomatized by asthenosphere-derived fluids/melts with minor subduction-derived fluids/melts. Slab-rollback generally lead to the upwelling of the hot asthenosphere. The upwelling of asthenosphere consuming the lithospheric mantle by thermo-mechanical-chemical erosion. The lithospheric mantle may have partially melted due to the heating by the upwelling asthenosphere and lithospheric extension. It is inferred that the Tuanshanbei dolerite might be associated with the initial slab rollback and corresponding lithospheric extension occurred potentially at ca. 145 Ma.