正常固结饱和粘性土的不排水强度

本文以有效应力强度理论和Henkel孔隙水压力公式为基础,建立了各种类三轴与平面应变试验条件下正常固结饱和粘土的不排水强度公式及相互关系;初步估计了粘土强度随固结增长的计算公式.     

The longevity of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Jiangsu-Anhui Region

The basalt-borne peridotite xenoliths from Jiangsu-Anhui provinces were analyzed for whole rock Os isotopic compositions in two laboratories of USTC, China and CRPG, France, respectively. The¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of the sample set ranges from 0.119 to 0.129 (25 samples, USTC) and from 0.117 to 0.131 (17 samples, CRPG). The Os isotopic compositions of most samples are less than 0.129 and depleted relatively to the primitive mantle, showing a good correlation with the major element compositions. With the¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os-Al₂O₃ alumichron, the samples yield a model age of 2.5 ± 0.1 Ga (data of USTC) and 1.9 ± 0.1 Ga (data of CRPG), late Archean to early Pro-terozoic. The two samples with the lowest¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio (0.119 and 0.117) have the T_RD (Re depleted age) of 1.1 Ga (USTC) and 1.4 Ga (CRPG), mid-Proterozoic. The Os isotope model age shows that the peridotite xenoliths from Cenozoic alkali basalt in Jiangsu-Anhui provinces have an old formation age (early- to mid- Proterozoic). They are not newly produced mantle after the Phanerozoic replacement of the lithosphere mantle, but residual fractions of Proterozoic mantle.     

Faulting in zones of lithospheric extension: Quantitative analysis of natural and experimental data

Quantitative relationships between major fault parameters from geological observations and laboratory experiments are compared. Relationships are established between fault length, number, depth of fault penetration, amplitude of displacement and other characteristics. The width of destruction zones is estimated. Spacing between parallel faults of compatible length is evaluated. It is shown that there is a stable correlation between fault length and number, which is independent from the mode of loading the material under destruction. Destruction of the lithosphere is believed to occur according to the laws of deformation of Maxwell elasto-viscous body.     

SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT IN NANQIN RESERVOIR

In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed.     

东天山觉罗塔格成对金矿带及其形成的构造背景

通过地质、地球化学及同位素年代学等方法,研究总结了东天山觉罗塔格地区金矿的基本特征和各类型金矿间的相互关系。发现该区的中深成热液金矿（包括韧性剪切带型及岩浆热液型）和浅成热液金矿分带相邻产出;前者受康古尔—黄山缝合线为主体的推覆隆起带控制,后者受推覆带后侧的石英滩—雅满苏同碰撞伸展带（喜马拉雅型伸展带）控制;成矿时代相互对应,都形成于碰撞造山期（２９５～２４４ Ｍａ）。将这样的两个矿带统称为成对金矿带。     

青藏高原物质东流的岩石层力学背景探讨

利用地表大地热流观测资料、岩石生热率及热导率数据研究了三江和四川盆地 6个地区的岩石层平均温度结构及强度分布。结果表明 ,整个三江地区岩石层温度较高 ,而四川盆地温度较低 ;在岩石层强度分布上 ,四川盆地为高强度区 ,而三江地区则为低强度区 ;整个三江地区构成了一条青藏高原物质东流的低强度通道 ;由于四川盆地高强度块体的阻挡 ,青藏高原向东的物质流在此转向近南向 ,沿三江地区流逸 ;不同岩石层块体的强度差异可能是控制高原物质流动态势的重要力学背景之一。     

冀中坳陷古近纪的伸展构造

冀中坳陷的构造格架是新生代的伸展构造系统。该系统以大兴、保定－石家庄拆离滑脱断层为主体,与牛东－河东、马西、宁晋、新河等伸展断层以及徐水－安新变换带和衡水、宝坻－桐柏镇变换断层等组合而成。据平衡剖面和基底沉降曲线分析,冀中坳陷古近纪伸展作用过程持续发育,具幕式特点,以沙三期伸展作用最为强烈。地壳的快速伸展作用与火山活动强度之间缺乏耦合关系。冀中坳陷的动力学成因与伸展背景下的剪切作用有关。     

南海岩石圈结构与油气资源分布

南海是中国唯一发育有洋壳的边缘海,是世界四大海洋油气聚集中心之一。油气勘探表明,南海的油气田分布在北部、西部和南部陆缘沉积盆地内,而大中型油气田集中分布在西部海域盆地中,自北而南有莺歌海—琼东南盆地、万安盆地、湄公盆地、曾母盆地和文莱—沙巴盆地,且以含气为主,含油次之。此外,这一区域深水区还存在多个潜在的大型含油气盆地。研究发现,南海的油气分布与深部岩石圈结构有密切关系。在构造上,南海的含油气盆地位于岩石圈块体边缘或之上,受控于大型岩石圈断裂的发育与演化。在油气富集的盆地中,莫霍面显著凸起,与盆地基底形成镜像,地壳厚度最薄处仅数千米厚,热流值明显较周围地区高,热岩石圈厚度大大减薄。地震层析成像结果反映,这些盆地深部发育一条规模宏大的北西向上地幔隆起带,自红河口向东南穿越南海西部海盆,一直延伸到婆罗州东北部地区,在宏观上控制了南海的油气分布与富集。     

黑龙江东北部汤原断陷断块体运动特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用

应用构造运动学理论,以地质、地球物理和钻井资料为基础,对汤原断陷基底和各断块体的运动特征进行研究,证实断陷内第Ⅳ块体的基底伸展量最大,第Ⅴ块体的基底伸展量最小;通过对15个块体的实例计算总结出不同构造、不同时期断块体的翘倾运动程度存在很大差异;汤原断陷构造运动控制了油气藏类型.伸展运动和压扭性挤压运动形成构造油气藏,伸展运动早、中期在向斜部位形成岩性油气藏,断块体翘倾运动和抬升剥蚀作用形成地层油气藏.