秦岭造山带中热水沉积成矿盆地的研究思路与方法初探——兼论秦岭超大型金属矿集区的研究与勘查

以秦岭造山带中热水沉积成矿盆地为例, 讨论了热水沉积成矿盆地的研究思路与方法（１）, 在这些盆地中已发现了一批大型－超大型矿床, 也是秦岭超大型矿集区的研究原理、研究及研究内容等基本准则。提出盆地充填史、盆地内同生构造作用等研究沉积盆地形成与发展。认为秦岭热水沉积成矿盆地具有分级特征, 热水沉积岩相是主要的物质组成。总结了秦岭中（火山）热水沉积成矿盆地、深水缺氧环境中热水沉积成矿盆地、叠合盆地、复合盆地、拉分盆地、裂陷盆地等六种构造－沉积岩相时间－空间组合模式, 它们是超大型金属矿床产出部位。     

输导层和岩性圈闭中石油运移和聚集模拟实验研究

利用二维模型进行了输导层和岩性圈闭中石油运移与聚集模拟实验研究。结果表明：（１）地怪中的高渗透带是石油运移的主要通道,对油的运移和聚集构成重要的影响;（２）当上覆地层渗透性较大时,下部地层中的油可向上覆地层运移,并在运移过程中发生弥散和扩散作用,导致油的散失量增大;（３）油驱水过程中的排水过程滞后于注油过程,排出的水量并不随注油量加而线性增加,而是脉冲式变化。     

青海共和盆地中三叠世花岗岩组合岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

青海共和盆地位于青藏高原东北缘,以往有关共和盆地及邻区早-中三叠世岩浆岩成因机制的认识分歧较大,且研究主要集中在露头岩石方面。本文以共和盆地干热岩GR1井深部花岗岩岩芯样品作为研究对象,对其进行岩石学、长石电子探针、主微量元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素研究。矿物组成及长石电子探针测试结果显示花岗岩主要为奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩及花岗闪长岩。锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,奥长花岗岩的结晶年龄为236.5±1.7Ma,英云闪长岩的岩浆结晶年龄为241.6±3.0Ma。主、微量元素地球化学显示这些花岗岩主要为准铝质,属于高钾钙碱性系列。全岩Ta-Nb-Hf等不相容元素图解及锆石Hf同位素数据表明共和盆地的236.5~241.6Ma花岗岩显示火山弧及同碰撞花岗岩成分特征,说明中三叠世共和地区发生俯冲-碰撞转换。结合本文数据与区域背景资料,作者认为：共和盆地早-中三叠世花岗岩组合的形成与印支期宗务隆洋的南向俯冲作用密切相关,此时,在宗务隆-青海南山-西秦岭北缘存在统一的大陆边缘弧环境;在236~241Ma时发生俯冲-碰撞转换;晚三叠世时宗务隆-青海南山-西秦岭北缘已处于碰撞期和后碰撞期。     

Socio-hydrological framework for investigating farmers’ activities affecting the shrinkage of Urmia Lake; hybrid data mining and agent-based modelling

ABSTRACT

Developing a general framework to capture the complexities associated with the non-linear and adaptive nature of farmers facing water resources scarcity is a challenging problem. This paper integrates agent-based modelling (ABM) and a data mining method to develop a hybrid socio-hydrological framework to provide future insights for policy-makers. The data associated with the farmers’ main characteristics were collected through field surveys and interviews. Afterwards, the association rule was employed to discover the main patterns representing the farmers’ agricultural decisions. The discovered patterns were then used as the behavioural rules in ABM to simulate the agricultural activities. The proposed framework has been was applied to explore the interactions between agricultural activities and the main river feeding the Urmia-Lake, Iran. The outcomes indicate that farmers’ acquisitive traits and belongings have significant impacts on their socio-hydrological interactions. The reported values of the efficiency criteria may support the satisfactory performance of the proposed framework.     

Satoumi concept illustrated by sustainable bottom-up initiatives of Japanese Fisheries Cooperative Associations

“Satoumi” is a Japanese term meaning a seascape where human-ecosystem interaction has resulted in increased biodiversity and productivity, thus improving the health of the environment and its ecosystem services. However, this definition does not do justice to the universality of the concept, and the holistic ideas and related valuable practices promoted by the term, applicable to fisheries science, contributing thus to the neglect of the term in the international stage. This article explores the importance of environmental, commercial, and research activities related to Satoumi, based on actions implemented by Fisheries Cooperative Associations (FCAs) of different prefectures in Japan. The examined case studies are bottom-up initiatives undertaken by Japanese fishermen and constitute effective means towards sustainable and competitive fisheries management. Such initiatives play an important role in disseminating the positive effects of the Satoumi approach in Japan, and promote therefore its adoption in other regions of the world as well.     

珠三角县域城市潜力的时空关联结构演变

基于1990、1994、2000、2005 和2009年公路网数据和经因子分析得到的县域城市综合实力指数,采用扩展的潜力模型测度县域潜力指数,运用时空自相关方法探讨珠三角县域潜力的时空关联格局及其演变,并与空间关联格局对比及与交叉相关函数比较检验其准确性。结果表明：① 珠三角县域潜力总体上具正时空关联性,但关联程度不高,1994-2005年缓慢加强而2005-2009年趋于减弱。大多县域潜力的局部时空关联特征相对稳定,且以正相关为主,但部分县市时空关联类型发生了明显转化。② 县域潜力的局部时空关联类型分布差异及其变化明显,时空HH区分布于中部地带和东部的深圳—东莞地带,2000年后中部的时空HH区范围收缩至广—佛核心都市区;西部时空LL区连片分布格局相对稳定,中南部2005年开始出现新的时空LL区,东部时空LL区范围1994-2000年扩大而后逐步收缩,2009年零星分布于东部边缘;时空异质区变化较剧烈。③ 三大地带县域潜力的局部时空关联特征反差鲜明,东部与中部差异趋于缩小,而西部与中、东部的差异进一步扩大。④ 时空自相关方法能有效挖掘县域潜力的时空关联模式,比仅考虑空间效应的ESDA方法更能准确客观揭示县域潜力间的时空交互关系。     

姬塬地区长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征

姬塬地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地中偏西部地区,晚三叠世主要受北东、北西及南部三个方向的物源控制。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井曲线等资料的综合分析,对研究区上三叠统长8油层组岩石类型、沉积构造、物源方向、古生物和沉积相特征进行了详细研究,发现长8沉积时期姬塬地区地形平缓,河流作用较弱,主要发育一套浅水三角洲沉积体系,其沉积作用和砂体展布受湖平面升、降和物源方向控制明显,对油气成藏有着重要的意义,表现为:①湖平面上升期,湖岸线快速向物源方向迁移,以发育长条状和鸟足状水上—水下分流河道砂体为主;②下降期以发育三角洲平原为主,来自不同物源方向的前缘砂体在研究区中部交汇;③湖平面上升期水下分流河道砂体呈席状发育以及岩性遮挡条件更好,因而比湖平面下降期发育的砂体更有利于形成岩性油藏。     

关联规则挖掘在LBS动态数据管理的应用研究

为了满足人们能在任意地点、任意时刻存取任意数据的需求,基于位置的服务(LBS,LocationBasedService)需要进行动态数据管理。一种解决方案是服务器根据关联规则挖掘出的规律,对热点数据进行预测,并利用数据广播技术将热点数据不断地推向移动客户机。但经典的Apriori算法并不适合时序数据的处理,而现有的时序关联规则挖掘算法又对服务的关联时间阀值考虑不够,故本文对经典的Apriori算法进行改进,使之适应动态数据管理的需要,从而为解决LBS动态数据管理问题提出新的解决思路。     

Applicability of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in Japanese fisheries: A comparison of rights-based fisheries management in Iceland, Japan, and United States

ITQs have not yet been introduced by the Government of Japan. In coastal areas, fishery cooperative associations have traditionally played an important role in managing fisheries through self-imposed rules and peer-monitoring systems. Recently, however, the economic competitiveness of Japanese fisheries in the international market is being questioned. In this paper, a detailed examination of the pros and cons of the current system in Japan is compared to the current fishery management measures of Iceland and the United States, where attaining economically or biologically efficient outcomes may be prioritized in making fisheries management decisions. For many coastal fisheries in Japan, maintaining a management scheme in which stakeholders play an active role in determining fisheries measures seems more relevant if their priority is to maintain the stability of coastal communities and equity of stakeholders. Intensive dialog among stakeholders would be necessary to identify shared objectives of their fishery operations and to make decisions to establish specific steps toward the goal of increasing economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, or stability of communities and equity of stakeholders.     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区长6段浊积特征及其石油地质意义

在介绍鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区延长组长6段沉积特征的基础上,探讨了该储层物性特征、浊积岩特征、浊积岩分布规律及其对油藏的影响,明确了浊流沉积的石油地质意义.结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区长6段以发育长石砂岩为主,填隙物成分有方解石、绿泥石、白云母以及少量的石英加大、长石加大等,砂岩储集层孔隙结构具有很强的非均质性;吴堡地区长6期湖盆沉降趋于稳定,是三角洲的高建设时期;多水系、多物源的三角洲前缘沉积为深湖浊积扇沉积提供了充足的物质基础;在吴堡地区东北部三角洲前缘水下分流河道前端发育深湖浊积扇沉积,可区分出中心微相和边缘微相两个沉积微相带,其中浊积扇中心微相以细砂岩、粉砂岩与暗色泥岩呈砂泥互层;从平面上看,浊积岩砂体非均质性在侧向上逐渐变弱,砂体底部发育厚度较大、成熟度较高的暗色湖相沉积的烃源岩,深湖相的暗色泥岩含有丰富的烃源岩,而浊积岩砂体是由深湖相的暗色泥岩构成,孔渗物性好的区域易于形成良好的上倾尖灭的透镜状岩性油藏.