橡胶圈层数对桩腿耦合装置性能影响研究

运用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit,建立了不同橡胶圈层数的桩腿耦合装置(简称LMU)整体计算模型,并对其进行了非线性数值求解。通过对载荷-位移曲线、吸能曲线、应力和应变、速度曲线和动能曲线等的详细分析,研究了橡胶圈层数对桩腿耦合装置性能的影响。结果表明,橡胶圈层数对LMU吸能效率和橡胶圈最大应变的影响可忽略不计,但对其刚度、应力、速度和动能及其衰减速率的影响较为明显。随着橡胶圈层数的增加,LMU的刚度逐渐增大,最大应力先减小后增大,最大速度和动能逐渐减小,速度和动能的衰退速率逐渐减小。在LMU设计阶段,应考虑橡胶圈层数对LMU上述方面的影响,合理选择橡胶圈的层数,使LMU能够最有效地发挥缓冲作用。     

中国南部海区及其邻域区域构造图的编制方法及地质构造单元划分

中国南部海区及邻域1∶1 000 000地质地球物理系列图已编制完成并将出版,区域构造图是其中的主要图件之一。本文主要介绍该专业图件的编图思路、方法、地质构造单元的划分原则和主要地质构造单元的特征。该图主要以板块构造理论为指导,采取了剥皮法(剥去第四系)编图方法,主要表达区域地质构造特征,包括构造单元划分、断裂构造、岩浆活动、盆地分布等特征,在海底和沉积盆地中,还用等值线表示出了新生界的厚度。基于现今大地构造格局将本区划分出六级地质构造单元:一级构造单元为板块(欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块),二级构造单元为构造域(东亚大陆构造域、东亚大陆边缘构造域),三级构造单元为地块或岛弧,四级构造单元为盆地、隆起区、隆褶带或海盆区,五级构造单元为隆起或坳陷,六级构造单元为凸起或凹陷。     

侧面地貌景观的概念模型研究

地貌单元的空间格局对地表的物质、能量分配具有决定性影响。针对当今地貌学研究中尚未形成比较系统的从人眼直视的角度(即侧面)研究地貌单元的垂直格局特征的理论与方法,该文分析了侧面的地学含义;从地貌单元在垂直侧面的物质与能量分异角度提出了侧面地貌景观的概念,据此分析了侧面地貌景观的基本内涵并探讨了其主要研究内容;结合前述研究,分析了侧面地貌景观的尺度性、复杂性和系统性特征。在前期实验研究的基础上,初步提出了侧面地貌景观量化分析的基本思路与技术方案。研究工作对于人们进一步深化对地貌的科学认识具有一定的参考意义,但相关理论观点和方法有待进一步的实践检验。     

山东省地层侵入岩构造单元划分对比意见

根据山东省近几年在地层、构造、侵入岩等方面研究进展,以《山东省矿产资源储量报告编制指南·下篇》基础地质划分方案为基础,参照2013年11月第四届全国地层委员会通过的《中国地层表》,提出了《山东省地层划分对比表》、《山东省侵入岩划分表》、《山东省大地构造单元划分表》,供地质工作者参考。     

Different units of measurement of carotenoids estimation in cotton using hyperspectral indices and partial least square regression

This paper examines the use of canopy reflectance for different units of measurements of carotenoids estimation. Field spectral measurements were collected over cotton in different intensive field campaigns organized during the growing seasons of 2010 and 2011. Three units of measurement were evaluated carotenoids expressed as a mass per unit soil surface area (g/m²), a mass per unit leaf area (μg/cm²), and a mass per unit fresh leaf weight (mg/g), respectively. Four methods were compared to retrieve amount of carotenoids: stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), published spectral indices, band combination indices, and partial least square regression (PLSR). Results show that maximum sensitivity of reflectance to variation in different units of measurement of carotenoids was found in the green region at 515–550 nm, and at 715 nm and 750 nm regions in the far-red wavelengths. The predictive accuracies of Car (g/m²), Car (μg/cm²) and Car (mg/g) were tested on a validation data set and the results show that the highest R² values between estimations and observations were 0.468 for Car (g/m²), 0.563 for Car (μg/cm²), and 0.456 for Car (mg/g), with relative root mean square error (RMSE%, RMSE/mean) of 48.72%, 22.07% and 21.07%, respectively. Compared to Car (g/m²) and Car (mg/g), the model performance indices for Car (μg/cm²) show a high degree of consistency among the R² values and RMSE% and MAE% values. Further comparison were performed among the estimation accuracies of different unit carotenoids and among the different approaches used in the study by a paired-t-test. The results indicate that although the best estimation results for Car (μg/cm²) and Car (mg/g) were both obtained based on PLSR, they can be estimated by all four adopted methods without significant differences (P > 0.1). Whereas for Car (g/m²), the best estimation results were obtained based on published vegetation indices CIred-edge, which were significantly better than the estimation results based on SMLR (P < 0.000). In summary, the results of this study show that even the carotenoids expressed on concentration (mg/g) or content (μg/cm²) basis at leaf level can be estimated with the same prediction accuracies to the carotenoids expressed as a mass per unit surface area (g/m²) at canopy level using reflectance measurement at canopy level.     

一种宽幅星载TOPSAR数据高效成像算法

得益于天线波束方位向扫描技术,星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）能够在渐进扫描模式（TOPS）下实现宽测绘带观测.在TOPS模式下,SAR波束沿着方位向进行逆时针反复扫描,并在距离向上进行多次切换,从而获取多个图像切片（burst）.为了获得均匀采样的完整成像结果,通常需要对各burst进行重采样,但这会增加额外的计算量,降低处理效率.本文提出了一种宽幅星载TOPSAR数据高效成像算法.首先,在去斜率操作中引入一种新的插值方法,可以灵活地调整最终图像的方位采样间隔,方便进行图像拼接.该方法避免了在聚焦处理前的补零操作,从而降低计算量.在此基础上,本文结合TOPS模式多burst的特点,设计了一种GPU并行处理架构,成倍地提高数据处理效率.最后,根据仿真数据进行了实验,验证了该成像算法的有效性和高效性.     

Mounded seismic units in the modern canyon system in the Shenhu area,northern South China Sea: Sediment deformation,depositional structures or the mixed system?

The canyon system, including 17 small slope-confined canyons in the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea, is significantly characterized by mounded or undulating features on the canyon flanks and canyon heads. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of these features has yet to be elucidated. In previous studies, most of them were interpreted as sediment deformation on the exploration seismic profiles. In this paper, we collected high-resolution bathymetric data, chirp profiles and geotechnical test data to investigate their detailed morphology, internal structures, and origin. The bathymetric data indicated that most mounded seismic units have smooth seafloors and are separated by grooves or depressions. The distance between two adjacent mounded units is only hundreds of meters. On chirp profiles, mounded seismic units usually exhibit chaotic reflections and wavy reflections, of which the crests migrate upslope. The slope stability analysis results revealed that the critical angle of the soil layers in the study area tends to be 9°, indicating that most mounded seismic units on the canyon flanks and heads are stable at present. The terrain characteristics and seismic configurations combined with the slope stability analysis results indicated that most mounded seismic units are not sediment deformation but depositional structures or mixed systems composed of deformation and depositional structures.     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥构造平缓地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶古地貌特征与储层分布

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区构造平缓,奥陶系顶部碳酸盐岩岩溶古地貌以岩溶潜台发育,而岩溶高地和岩溶斜坡发育局限为特征,岩溶斜坡区和岩溶潜台的东部沟槽区为储层发育区。本文综合利用大量岩心、薄片资料观察、物性实验数据和钻井、测井、地震等资料对高桥地区马家沟组顶的古岩溶识别标志进行了分析,恢复了岩溶古地貌,对岩溶古地貌类型(单元)进行了划分并分析其与储层的关系。高桥地区地层学标志,岩石学标志,矿物学标志,古岩溶发育的形迹说明奥陶系马家沟顶存在沉积间断、古岩溶作用已经是不容置疑的事实;按古风化壳出露层位,结合地震相追踪成果,落实沟槽分布,编制该区前石炭纪古地质图,运用古地质图法、印模法和残厚法恢复高桥岩溶古地貌,编制出岩溶古地貌图。根据岩溶古地貌,按岩溶单元划分为岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡和岩溶潜台三个二级地貌(类型)单元,岩溶高地可进一步分为岩溶台地、溶洼(洼地)2种三级微地貌类型。岩溶潜台进一步可划分为岩溶台地、溶洼、溶丘(残丘)、沟槽4种三级微地貌类型。高桥处于构造平缓地区,岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡区发育局限,大范围为岩溶潜台区且潜台区东侧沟槽(主沟槽、次沟槽)比较发育。岩溶高地整体储集性较东部岩溶斜坡区及岩溶潜台区差。岩溶斜坡区发育两套岩溶系统,储层条件相对较好,成藏要素配套较好,是下一步勘探开发的有利区域之一。岩溶潜台区总体岩溶作用减弱,储层发育程度变弱,东部沟槽区,因沟槽的存在,加强了垂向岩溶作用深度,间接增加侧向溶蚀作用,岩溶作用变好,储层发育程度增加,加上裂缝的影响,可以形成相对较好的储层。     

山东省威海市区域地质背景下土壤Cd的地球化学特征

为获取威海市区域地质背景下土壤重金属元素Cd的地球化学特征,以区域表层和深层土壤Cd为研究对象进行讨论。统计分析得出Cd区域土壤背景值为0.090×10-6,基准值为0.056×10-6。区域Cd的土壤环境质量较好,全区仅3.42%的表层土壤、1.17%的深层土壤超出国家土壤质量一级标准限值,其中仅1.67%的表层土壤出现污染,超出国家土壤二级标准。研究区土壤Cd的物源主要表现为自然源和人为源两大类。自然源主导区占54.68%,自然属性特征明显,表层和深层土壤Cd的相关性较好,且Cd与其他重金属元素间具有较好的地球化学组合特征;表层土壤Cd的分布主要受母质影响,在丘陵区土壤Cd含量受中生代中酸性侵入岩的分布影响较大,而平原区受第四系沉积物影响较大,其中陆源为主的平原区土壤Cd相对含量较高,与海水有关的平原区Cd含量普遍偏低。人为源主导区占45.32%,自然属性较差,受人为源影响较大,与工矿点等人为活动密集区分布较吻合。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000832

The Sinus Iridum region, the first choice for China＇s＂Lunar Exploration Project＂is located at the center of the lunar LQ-4 area and is the site of Chang＇e-3 （CE-3）＇s soft landing. To make the scientific exploration of Chang＇e-3 more targeted and scientific, and to obtain a better macro-level understanding of the geotectonic environment of the Sinus Iridum region, the tectonic elements in LQ-4 region have been studied and the typical structures were analyzed statistically using data from CE-1, Clementine, LRO and Lunar Prospector missions. Also, the mineral components and periods of mare basalt activities in the study area have been ascertained. The present study divides the tectonic units and establishes the major tectonic events and sequence of evolution in the study area based on morphology, mineral constituents, and tectonic element distribution.