关于地勘单位市场化取向的学习与思考——读地质信息产权与赛伯地质革命

探矿权之灭失，裹挟走了地质信息成果产权，等于是地勘单位丢失了库存商品、资本金和走向市场的条件，地勘员工可能会因地质成果产权的丢失而失掉对利润的占有权和主人翁的基础与地位，劳动力资本应该与货币资本一样实现增殖，国家应把丢失的这库存商品还原给地勘单位，而使其具有取向市场化的条件，使员工做真正意义上的主人翁。     

Do hydraulic units define macroinvertebrate assemblages in mountain streams of central Argentina?

Methods to assess the physical habitat provide important tools for many aspects of river management. Hydraulic units (defined as a homogeneous patch of flow type and substrate) were described in mountain streams of Central Argentina and the distribution of macrozoobenthos in these habitat units was analyzed. Four streams from the upper Carcarañá River Basin (Córdoba, Argentina) were sampled in two hydrological periods. Hydraulic units (as substrate and flow type), current velocity, depth, macrophytes and macroalgae were assessed. Three benthic samples were taken in each hydraulic unit. A total of 12 hydraulic units were registered, which varied seasonally in their proportional abundance. The highest values of taxonomic richness, total abundance, diversity and evenness were found in the low-water period. The most heterogeneous hydraulic units (characterized by substrate of diverse grain size) presented the highest richness, diversity and evenness, whereas the highest total abundance was observed in hydraulic units with homogeneous substrate, such as bedrock or gravel sand. Canonical correspondence analysis grouped samples and taxa mainly in relation to the hydraulic units, and temporal variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages was observed. We found that the interaction between hydrological and geomorphological conditions affected benthic assemblages and that their organization is important at a mesoscale. Therefore, hydraulic units may be considered important tools in assessing stream integrity in lotic systems of central Argentina.     

A simple rainfall–runoff model based on hydrological units applied to the Teba catchment (south‐east Spain)

A hydrological model (YWB, yearly water balance) has been developed to model the daily rainfall–runoff relationship of the 202 km² Teba river catchment, located in semi‐arid south‐eastern Spain. The period of available data (1976–1993) includes some very rainy years with intensive storms (responsible for flooding parts of the town of Malaga) and also some very dry years. The YWB model is in essence a simple tank model in which the catchment is subdivided into a limited number of meaningful hydrological units. Instead of generating per unit surface runoff resulting from infiltration excess, runoff has been made the result of storage excess. Actual evapotranspiration is obtained by means of curves, included in the software, representing the relationship between the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration as a function of soil moisture content for three soil texture classes. The total runoff generated is split between base flow and surface runoff according to a given baseflow index. The two components are routed separately and subsequently joined. A large number of sequential years can be processed, and the results of each year are summarized by a water balance table and a daily based rainfall runoff time series. An attempt has been made to restrict the amount of input data to the minimum. Interactive manual calibration is advocated in order to allow better incorporation of field evidence and the experience of the model user. Field observations allowed for an approximate calibration at the hydrological unit level. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川滇地区地震活动演化特征分析

结合川滇菱形块体的活动特征，应用图型动力学的损伤演化诱致突变分析方法，研究了川滇地区两条地震带中强地震的损伤演化过程，并给出各地震带演化到破坏态的所有可能的各单元初始状态的组合形式图。研究结果对指导该区地震预测实践有一定的积极作用。     

碎屑岩储层流动单元研究的新进展

储层流动单元是指影响流体流动的岩性和岩石物理性质在内内部相似的，在垂向上和横向上连续的储集带，流动单元可以解释油水井连通关系，提高剩余油采收率，提供油田开发后的挖潜对象，对于二次采渍和三次采油具有较大的实际 意义，目前流动单元的研究中仍存在着时空尺度和参数选择的问题，这些问题的解决必将大大推动储层地层研究向精细化，系统化发展。     

地质论文撰写中值得注意的若干问题

来稿中经常发现在地质学术术语、相关符号及计量单位的使用以及数字、文字的规范化表述等方面存在一些普遍性的问题,它在某种程度上影响着论文的整体质量,因而有必要对其引起足够的重视。     

The Volutionary Characteristics of Seismic Activity in the SichuanYunnan Region,China

Based on the earthquake activity characteristics of the diamond block in the Sichuan-Yunnan region and by using the method of the meso-scope damage dynamics and damage evolution,we studied the damage evolution process for moderately strong earthquakes along two seismicbelts.The original combination patterns of all the units which illuminate the changes from stable state to destroyed state are given.All these patterns can direct the earthquake prediction practice in this region     

华北晚前寒武纪（中、新元古代）岩石地层单位及多重划分对比

晚前寒武纪地层是华北早前寒武纪褶皱变质基底之上的第一套沉积盖层。主要发育和分布于华北晚前寒武纪的一些裂谷系－裂陷槽中，但各地沉积开始时间不一，后期遭受剥蚀程度不一。长期以来在地层划分、岩石地层命名、使用及年代属性上认识不统一，在一些地区认识分岐很大。笔者在岩石地层单位、地质特征认识的基础上，进行了全区（群、组）统一对比，明确了可作为华北晚前寒武纪沉积序列的代表性岩石地层单位及岩石组合特征；并介绍晚前寒武纪叠层石组合、微古植物特征性分子和已发现的宏观藻类和后生动物，论述了层型所在地区年代地层划分及层型以外各地层分区岩石地层单位年代属性的确定依据。     

济阳拗陷孤岛油田渤21断块砂岩油藏流动单元研究

根据流动层带指标、孔隙度、渗透率、泥质含量、粒度中值等参数，采用灰色系统理论，将济阳拗陷孤岛油田渤21断块砂岩储层定量划分为5类流动单元。结合该地区的实际地质和生产状况等综合研究表明，各类流动单元分布对应于不同的沉积相带，具有不同的渗流特征，其与储层吸水、产液以及剩余油分布之间有密切的关系。流动单元I区水淹严重，流动单元Ⅳ、Ⅴ区为低孔、低渗，原始含油性本身较差，而流动单元Ⅱ、Ⅲ区是油田目前剩余油分布的主要区域。     

Methods for determining the in situ hydraulic conductivity of shallow aquitards – an overview

Shallow clay-rich aquitards limit groundwater recharge to underlying aquifers, but they also protect the aquifers from contamination. The bulk hydraulic conductivity of such shallow aquitards can range from less than 1 mm/year to more than 100 m/year and may be much greater than the hydraulic conductivity of small intact samples of the aquitard material. This enhanced hydraulic conductivity diminishes the qualities of the aquitards for the protection of underlying aquifers but allows a higher rate of recharge. For aquifers that are overlain by aquitards, management and protection of groundwater resources may be critically dependent on reliable determinations of aquitard permeability. A variety of methods for determining bulk hydraulic conductivities of shallow clay aquitards is available; each has drawbacks and advantages, and each is based on simplifying assumptions. These methods include slug tests, pumping tests, response of the aquitard to mechanical loading, and analysis of natural pore-pressure fluctuations. Several of the commonly used methods require an independent measurement of specific storage. Laboratory methods for determining specific storage are probably not representative of in situ conditions and may lead to overestimation of aquitard permeability. Much of the theory developed to date depends on the assumption that horizontal displacement of the solid material is negligible, and this may not be a valid assumption for highly deformable media such as clay aquitards. However, with judicious selection of the most suitable methods for a particular site, good test design, careful instrumentation, and respect for the underlying assumptions, reliable determinations of aquitard permeability can be obtained. Electronic Publication