What makes mangroves attractive to fish? Use of artificial units to test the influence of water depth,cross-shelf location,and presence of root structure

Mangroves are an attractive fish habitat because they provide shelter and food for juvenile fishes. However, because mangroves are almost always located in shallow water and in sheltered (i.e., lagoonal, estuarine or bay) environments, the degree to which the latter two factors contribute to the attractiveness of mangrove prop-roots as a fish habitat is unknown. Artificial Mangrove Units (AMUs) were placed at multiple depths and along a gradient from an embayment to, and including, the coral reef. Total fish density and species richness in AMUs placed in the embayment was lower at 1 m depth than at 2 and 3 m depth, suggesting that shallow water is not a prerequisite for the attractiveness of mangrove prop-roots as a fish habitat. Total fish density and species richness were equal or greater in AMUs on the coral reef than in the embayment, suggesting that placement of mangroves in a sheltered lagoonal environment is not solely responsible for the attractiveness of mangrove prop-roots either. After 3 weeks, removal of AMUs did not have a negative effect on total fish density or species richness. However, within the embayment AMU removal resulted in the complete collapse of the assemblage component comprised of species that use mangroves as juvenile habitats, highlighting the need for a species-based approach towards assessing the benefits provided by the presence of mangrove root structure for fishes.     

南阿尔金-柴北缘高压-超高压变质带研究进展、问题及挑战

南阿尔金—柴北缘高压-超高压(HP/UHP)变质带为近10年来所新厘定,它分布在青藏高原北缘,延伸近1000km,被阿尔金断裂分成南阿尔金和柴北缘两部分,以含少量榴辉岩、石榴橄榄岩和含柯石英的片麻岩为特征。根据野外地质观察、岩石组合分析及其岩石学特征,可把南阿尔金—柴北缘HP/UHP变质带划分为6个HP/UHP变质单元,从西向东分别是:江尕勒萨依榴辉岩-片麻岩单元(JSU);巴什瓦克石榴橄榄岩-高压麻粒岩单元(BWU);鱼卡—落凤坡榴辉岩-片麻岩(片岩)单元(YLU);绿粱山石榴橄榄岩-高压麻粒岩单元(LLU);锡铁山榴辉岩-片麻岩单元(XTU);都兰榴辉岩-片麻岩单元(DLU)。研究显示,6个HP/UHP变质单元在岩石组合、形成的温度压力条件及变质演化历史等方面存在明显差异;榴辉岩相变质时代变化在420～500Ma之间,可能反映了早古生代沿南阿尔金—柴北缘HP/UHP变质带的多阶段或穿时性的俯冲作用。     

多参数定量研究流动单元的方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地W93井区为例

多参数识别是流动单元研究的发展方向,判别参数选择是多参数识别流动单元的关键。以鄂尔多斯盆地W93井区延长组长6河流相储层为例,应用SPSS统计分析软件,通过对表征储层的11项属性参数判别流动单元的能力及参数之间的相关性分析,选取渗透率、有效厚度、渗流系数、储能系数、流动层指数、油藏品质指数6项参数作为W93井区流动单元判别参数,建立了流动单元判别函数,研究了各油层组流动单元特征。研究表明,本区的河流相储层可以划分为为A、B、C、D 4类流动单元,分别分布在水下分流河道、河口坝、决口扇、分流间湾和水下天然堤微相中。不同的流动单元具有不同的渗流能力和储集能力,因此油田开发生产中应采取不同的开发对策。     

合肥盆地基底构造属性

根据合肥盆地及周边地表地质、地震剖面、同位素测年及MT等新资料的综合研究,提出中-新生代合肥盆地的基底是一个不同构造类型基底的叠合与复合.上古生界以前的基底以六安断裂为界,其北为华北板块陆壳型-过渡壳型结晶基底及其上的华北克拉通-被动大陆边缘盆地沉积的上元古-下古生界基底;其南为大别型结晶基底及其上的北淮阳弧后盆地沉积的上元古-下古生界变质基底,而上古生界基底属于弧后前陆盆地型沉积.六安断裂是合肥盆地部位北大别弧、北淮阳晚元古-早古生代弧后盆地在早古生代晚期-晚古生代早期与华北板块的弧-陆碰撞缝合线.     

塔里木叠合盆地待发现可采油气资源初步预测及评价

油气资源评价单元的划分是盆地油气资源定量评价的核心,而盆地的含油气系统又为限定评价单元之基础。以复合油气系统原理和方法为指导,油气源对比判识为手段,以寻找各供烃中心和油气藏之间成因关系为目的,重新划分了塔里木盆地4个复合油气系统和5个评价单元。在详尽分析评价单元油气勘探历史和发现历史基础上,结合已发现或落实的圈闭数量和规模,利用第七逼近法和蒙特卡罗法,对塔里木盆地已知油气系统中评价单元进行了油气资源与油气田规模、数量的定量预测评价。研究表明,塔里木盆地待发现石油可采资源量11.43×108t,预测油田数量94个,86%集中在台盆区下古生界海相评价单元;预测待发现天然气可采资源量21000×108m3,气田数量104个,58%集中在库车前陆评价单元。塔里木盆地有近91%的石油、84%的天然气资源等待发现,是我国陆上资源发现程度较低的盆地,也是我国未来油气储量增长最重要的盆地。     

北京地区太古宙岩石、地层单元划分及其特征

北京市密云、怀柔、平谷和昌平地区太古宙岩石可划分为混合岩化表壳岩系和非层状岩系两大类岩石、地层单元。前者包括大港一沙厂混合岩化表壳岩系和四合堂混合岩化表壳岩系;后者主要为TTG（A）-M-Me杂岩,它包括苇子峪、阳坡地、马圈子、对角沟门和冯家峪等杂岩。太古宙表壳岩系的原岩建造有杂砂岩＋英安质、安山质火山岩及其碎屑岩＋铁硅质沉积岩建造,含铁进质宕的绿岩建造和绿岩建造三类。表壳岩系区域变质作用和太古宙TTG质岩形成的时代均发生于新太古代。推测大港-抄厂表壳岩系及苇子峪TTG（A）－M-Me杂岩中的主体表壳宕系成岩时代为中太古代晚期,其它TTG－M－Me杂老中的表壳岩系成岩时代为新太古代早期。     

GEOLOGY OF THE TAPLEJUNG WINDOW AND FRONTAL BELT, FAR EASTERN NEPAL HIMALAYA

GEOLOGY OF THE TAPLEJUNG WINDOW AND FRONTAL BELT, FAR EASTERN NEPAL HIMALAYA1　PecherA .Deformationandmetamorphismeassociesaunezonedecisaillement :Exampledugrandchevauchementcen tralHimalayan (MCT) [M ].Thesed’Etat,UnivGrenoble ,France ,1978.35 4. 2　RaiSM .LesnappesdeKathmandudtduGosainkund ,HimalayaduNepalcentral[M ].Thesededoctoral,Univ .Grenoble ,France ,1998.2 44 . 3　SchellingD ,AritaK .Thrusttectonics ,crustalshortening ,andthestructureofthe…     

Inversion of the Main Mineral Compositions and Subdivision of Tectonic Units on Lunar LQ-4 based on Chang’e Data

Spectra are sensitive in detecting main minerals on the lunar surface from visible light to infrared light. Since spectral characteristics of minerals are closely related to their compositions and the maturity level of soil on the Moon, studying the compositions and distribution of elements and minerals on the lunar surface can help to understand the evolution of the Moon through remote sensing technology. The correlation between the spectral characteristics of Chang’e-1 interference imaging spectrometry (IIM) reflectance images and the mineral contents of LSCC (Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium) lunar surface mineral samples was discussed and the spatial distributions of FeO and Al2O3 contained in both pyroxene and plagioclase on LQ-4 were studied using the improved angle parameter method, MNF, and band ratio statistics. A comparison of the mapping results of the optical models by Lucey, Shkuractov and other researchers on Clementine and the gamma ray spectrometry data shows that the content error is within 0.6% for lunar mare areas and close to 1% for the highland areas. The tectonic framework on the lunar surface was also investigated. And based on integrated analysis of previous findings on topography of the lunar surface, Chang’e LAM, CCD and LOLA images and the gravity anomalies data (Clementine GLGM-2), the tectonic unit subdivision was established for LQ-4, the idea of subdividing the lunar tectonic units was proposed, and this will provide a good foundation for studying the lunar tectonic evolution.     

湘黔桂雪峰期地层单元岩石地球化学特征

扬子地块江南构造域的湘黔桂地区，雪峰期地层单元中的变质中基性至基性火山岩显示大陆玄武岩至玄武岩类的地球化学特征，变中酸性至酸性火山岩类主要显示Ｓ型，其次为Ｓ与Ｉ过渡型的花岗质岩浆的地球化学特征；变砂岩类和变泥岩类显示大陆边缘砂岩类和泥岩类的地球化学特征。根据其岩石地球化学特征，具双峰式火山岩组合及沉积相特征，推测其属于内硅铝裂隙盆地陆缘环境中的产物。     

成因地层单位的划分与对比问题：与夏文臣等商榷

对《成因地层分析的思路和方法》一文论述的成因地层单位划分、含义、地层对比和分析流程等问题提出了不同见解,指出了地层单位术语的基本特征和应用,并强调了穿时普遍性原理及侧向堆积原理在地层研究中的重要性。