Mineral oxygen isotope and hydroxyl content changes in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite–gneiss contacts from Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project cores

A combined study of mineral O isotopes and hydroxyl contents was carried out for the contacts between ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite and gneiss from main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Sulu orogen. While there is a large δ¹⁸O variation from ?8.3 to 7.3‰ for all minerals, different styles of mineral‐pair fractionation occur at the boundaries of different lithologies. Both equilibrium and disequilibrium O isotope fractionations are observed between quartz and the other minerals, with reversed fractionations between omphacite and garnet in some samples of eclogite. This suggests that both eclogite and gneiss acquired their negative δ¹⁸O values by meteoric‐hydrothermal alteration of their protoliths at high temperatures before subduction, and that fluid‐assisted O isotope exchange did take place across the boundary of different lithologies at local scales during amphibolite‐facies retrogression. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis yielded H₂O concentrations of 50 to 1144 p.p.m. (by weight) for garnet and 139 to 751 p.p.m. for omphacite. The state of equilibrium or disequilibrium O isotope fractionations between omphacite and garnet are correlated with variations in their water content at local scales, indicating that the internally derived fluid plays a critical role in retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. The retrograde metamorphism results in mineral reactions and O isotope disequilibria between some of the minerals, but the fluid for retrogression was derived from the decompression exsolution of structural hydroxyl and thus internally buffered in the O isotope composition. A quantitative estimate suggests that a hand specimen (3 × 6 × 9 cm) of eclogite composed of 70% garnet and 30% omphacite can release 0.316 g water by the decompression exsolution of structural hydroxyl, which can form 14.4 g amphibole during exhumation. This provides sufficient amounts of water for the amphibolite‐facies retrogression.     

南海北部天然气水合物远景区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫稳定同位素特征及其影响因素

底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏移是地质记录中天然气水合物释放的重要证据之一.对南海北部西沙海槽和东沙陆坡等天然气水合物远景区XH-27PC和DS-4PC柱状样分别进行顶空气甲烷含量分析、有机碳含量分析、粒度分析和有孔虫氧碳同位素分析.结合碳酸盐含量及AMS 14C测年,揭示研究区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫的稳定同位素特征.结果显示:西沙海槽BSR区沉积物中甲烷含量较低;底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏不明显,与顶空气甲烷含量呈弱正相关(R=0.32),与有机碳含量有强负相关(R=-0.82),说明低通量甲烷不足以引起底栖有孔虫碳同位素显著偏移,在无甲烷或甲烷轻微渗漏的环境中有机碳的厌氧氧化是影响底栖有孔虫碳同位素组成的主要因素.东沙陆坡BSR区沉积物中含有大量的甲烷气体;底栖有孔虫氧同位素记录在末次冰期异常偏重,可能与天然气水合物的分解释放有关;同时可识别出多期碳同位素快速负偏事件,其成因很可能是末次冰期海平面下降导致海底沉积物的温度、压力条件发生变化,从而引发水合物甲烷失稳分解,底栖有孔虫吸收富12C的甲烷源碳致使壳体碳同位素负偏移.     

四川省拉拉铜矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿意义

拉拉铜矿床位于康滇地轴西南缘,赋矿围岩是古元古界变质火山岩。通过矿床硫同位素、氢氧同位素、K-Ar同位素、铅同位素、Rb-Sr同位素及辉钼矿中Re-Os同位素的组成特点讨论了成矿时代、物质来源、成矿介质性质及矿床成因等问题。新元古代晋宁期发生的区域变质作用是促使矿床形成的主要成矿作用,古元古代形成的火山岩提供了大部分的成矿物质来源,成矿介质以变质水为主后期有大量地下水的加入。矿床为火山沉积-变质成因的层控型铜矿床。     

Lead isotope geochemical characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu deposits on the southwestern margin of Tarim, and their significance

The polymetallic(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc) ore belt on the southwestern margin of Tarim is one of the major regions with the greatest prospecting potential in Xinjiang.Reported in this paper are the lead isotope data for 66 sulfide samples(including 50 galena samples,15 chalcopyrite samples and 1 pyrite sample) collected from such representative deposits as Tamu,Tiekelike,Kalangu,Abalieke,etc.in this ore belt.The Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb in the galena samples range from 17.931 to 18.176,15.609 to 15.818 and 38.197 to 38.944,with the average values of 18.017,15.684 and 38.462,respectively.Those in the chalcopyrite samples range from 17.926 to 18.144,15.598 to 15.628 and 38.171 to 38.583,with the average values of 18.020,15.606 and 38.262,respectively.The pyrite sample has the Pb isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/204 Pb,207 Pb/204 Pb and 208 Pb/204 Pb to be 17.980,15.604 and 38.145,respectively.In combination with the previous Pb isotope data for sulfides,it is found that there is only a slight variation in the Pb isotopic composition of galena,chalcopyrite,sphalerite and pyrite in the ore belt.However,there is some difference in Pb isotopic characteristics between galena and chalcopyrite,especially the Pb isotopic composition of galena shows an obvious linear correlation with some other relevant parameters(e.g.β and γ).The comprehensive analysis suggested that lead in galena(maybe including sphalerite and pyrite) was derived principally from wall rocks and underlying basement,and that in chalcopyrite only originated from the basement.The single-stage model ages of these sulfides couldn’t indicate the time limit of metallogenesis(Pb,Zn,Cu,etc.),and the positive linear correlations for the Pb isotopic composition of galena are of no single-stage and two-stage Pb-Pb isochron significance.Furthermore,there are significant differences in Pb isotopic composition characteristics between the genetic type of deposits in this polymetallic ore belt and the Mississippi Valley type(MVT).In addition,the authors also pointed out that there is a phenomenon of differentiation(not paragenesis) for lead and copper elements during the process of metallogenesis in this ore belt.     

鲁中碳酸岩中磷灰石同位素地球化学研究

鲁中地区分布着100多个碳酸岩体，微量元素含量及稀土配分等均与世界典型碳酸岩相近。而碳酸岩的碳氧及斑晶磷灰石的锶、钛同位素组成与典型地幔物质有差异，与富集地幔颇为近似，从而证实在山东地区陆壳下存在富集地幔源区。     

Differential subduction and exhumation of crustal slices in the Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane: insights from mineral inclusions, trace elements, U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of zircon in orthogneiss

Based on new evidence the Sulu orogen is divided from south‐east to north‐west into high‐pressure (HP) crustal slice I and ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) crustal slices II and III. A combined set of mineral inclusions, cathodoluminescence images, U‐Pb SHRIMP dating and in situ trace element and Lu‐Hf isotope analyses was obtained on zircon from orthogneisses of the different slices. Zircon grains typically have three distinct domains that formed during crystallization of the magmatic protolith, HP or UHP metamorphism and late‐amphibolite facies retrogression, respectively: (i) oscillatory zoned cores, with low‐pressure (LP) mineral inclusions and Th/U > 0.38; (ii) high‐luminescent mantles (Th/U < 0.10), with HP mineral inclusions of Qtz + Grt + Arg + Phe + Ap for slice I zircon and Coe + Grt + Phe + Kfs + Ap for both slices II and III zircon; (iii) low‐luminescent rims, with LP mineral inclusions and Th/U < 0.08. Zircon U‐Pb SHRIMP analyses of inherited cores point to protolith ages of 785–770 Ma in all seven orthogneisses. The ages recorded for UHP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression in slice II zircon (c. 228 and c. 215 Ma, respectively) are significantly older than those of slice III zircon (c. 218 and c. 202 Ma, respectively), while slice I zircon recorded even older ages for HP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression (c. 245 and c. 231 Ma, respectively). Moreover, Ar‐Ar biotite ages from six paragneisses, interpreted as dating amphibolite facies retrogression, gradually decrease from HP slice I (c. 232 Ma) to UHP slice II (c. 215 Ma) and UHP slice III (c. 203 Ma). The combined data set suggests decreasing ages for HP or UHP metamorphism and late retrogression in the Sulu orogen from south‐east to north‐west. Thus, the HP‐UHP units are interpreted to represent three crustal slices, which underwent different subduction and exhumation histories. Slice I was detached from the continental lithosphere at ～55–65 km depth and subsequently exhumed while subduction of the underlying slice II continued to ～100–120 km depth (UHP) before detachment and exhumation. Slice III experienced a similar geodynamic evolution as slice II, however, both UHP metamorphism and subsequent exhumation took place c. 10 Myr later. Magmatic zircon cores from two types of orthogneiss in UHP slices II and III show similar mid‐Neoproterozoic crystallization ages, but have contrasting Hf isotope compositions (εHf_(～785) = ?2.7 to +2.2 and ?17.3 to ?11.1, respectively), suggesting their formation from distinct crustal units (Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic to Archean, respectively) during the breakup of Rodinia. The UHP and the retrograde zircon domains are characterized by lower Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf but higher ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf(t) than the Neoproterozoic igneous cores. The similarity between UHP and retrograde domains indicates that late retrogression did not significantly modify chemical and isotopic composition of the UHP metamorphic system.     

浙江花岗岩类地球化学与地壳演化——Ⅱ.元古宙花岗岩类

浙江元古宙花岗岩类包括神功期（1．8－1．9Ga）和晋宁晚期（0．6—0．9Ga）。研究了浙江元古宙花岗岩类的主元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Rb、Sr同位素组成特征及岩石成因，探讨了浙江地壳的演化。浙江地壳形成于太古亩和元古宙，地壳增生的时期为2．6－2．7、0．8-1．1和0.1－0.12Ga。随时间演化浙江地壳组成有变化，但分异演化不明显。沿江-绍断裂分布的晋宁晚期慢源和壳幔混合中酸性岩是普宁期俯冲碰撞的证据。加里乐和印支期是两次规模不大的构造运动。     

激光探针质谱分析碳酸盐碳、氧同位素技术

用激光显微装置和MAT 2 5 1质谱计原位分析碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素 ,与常规酸解法有同样的分析精度(标准偏差 0 .0 6‰～ 0 .0 8‰ ) ,δ1 3 C值无明显差异 ,而δ1 8O值比酸解法偏负约 1.11‰～ 1.2 3‰ ,可能是温度效应的结果 ,可以进行系统校正。     

水体蒸发过程中稳定同位素分馏的模拟

通过对非平衡条件下水体蒸发中稳定同位素分馏机制的分析, 模拟了蒸发水体中稳定同位素比率的变化及与温度、大气湿度的关系. 在瑞利模式中, 剩余水中的稳定同位素随剩余水比例f的减小不断富集, 富集的速率与温度呈反比. 在动力蒸发条件下, 稳定同位素的分馏不仅与相变温度有关, 而且受大气湿度和液-气相之间物质交换的影响. 在动力蒸发过程中, 相对湿度越小, 剩余水中稳定同位素比率随 f的变化越快. 当相对湿度较大时, 在经历了一段时间蒸发后的剩余水中的δ将不随 f变化. 蒸发水体达到稳定状态的速率主要取决于大气的相对湿度. 当温度约20℃时, 在瑞利平衡条件下模拟的蒸发线与全球大气水线较接近. 在非平衡蒸发条件下, 蒸发线的梯度项和常数项与温度和相对湿度呈正比.     

乍得Bongor盆地天然气地球化学特征及成因

Bongor盆地位于乍得境内的中非剪切带西北部,是中新生代重要的含油气盆地之一。笔者从Bongor盆地天然气组分组成及组分碳、氢同位素分析入手,综合运用常规有机地球化学分析方法,探讨了Bongor盆地不同构造单元天然气的成因及成熟度差异。分析认为,Bongor盆地天然气化学组成主要由烃类气体、非烃类气体和微量稀有气体组成,其中烃类气体属于生物热催化过渡带气、原油伴生气和凝析油伴生气等有机成因气,非烃气体主要包括无机成因的氮气、二氧化碳和氢气等。在天然气成因研究的基础上,笔者还开展了Bongor盆地烃类气体的组成及来源分析,包括气气对比和气源对比,研究认为,不同构造单元的烃类气体虽然组成相同,但相对含量略有差异,表明不同构造单元的天然气具有相似的母质来源：M组和P组的暗色泥页岩;但也不排除K组暗色泥页岩的生烃贡献。不同构造单元天然气烃类气体的成熟度差异较大,这是由于天然气源自不同层位烃源岩或同一层位烃源岩在不同演化阶段的生烃产物。