Determination of Trace Levels of Nickel and Manganese in Soil,Vegetable, and Water

A simple and reliable method for rapid and selective extraction and determination of trace levels of Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ was developed by ionic liquid (IL) based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) detection. The proposed method was successfully applied to the preconcentration and determination of nickel and manganese in soil, vegetable, and water samples. After preconcentration, the settled IL‐phase was dissolved in 100 µL of ethanol and aspirated into the FAAS using a home‐made microsample introduction system. Injection of 50 µL of each analyte into an air–acetylene flame provided very sensitive spike‐like and reproducible signals. Effective parameters such as pH, amount of IL, volume of the disperser solvent, concentration of the chelating agent, and effect of salt concentration were inspected by a (2^5‐1) fractional factorial design to identify the most important parameters and their interactions. Under optimum conditions, preconcentration of 10 mL sample solution permitted the detection of 0.93 µg L^?1 Ni²⁺ and 0.52 µg L^?1 Mn²⁺ with enrichment factors 77.2 and 82.6 for Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analysis of a certified reference material (CRM TMDW‐500, drinking water).     

民勤春小麦NDVI与产量的关系及其对气候变暖的响应

应用1982—2003年的GIMMS NDVI时间序列遥感数据集和民勤站气象资料以及1985—2000年民勤作物物候期观测和产量资料,借助于GIS技术,在识别春小麦种植区的基础上,分析了其生长季平均NDVI与产量的相关关系,并采用时滞互相关法对月际尺度的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水和日照时数与春小麦NDVI的相互关系进行研究,建立了春小麦生长季平均NDVI对气候因子的响应关系模型。结果显示,民勤县春小麦生长季平均NDVI与单产产量极度相关;月际尺度上,春小麦NDVI与平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和降水相互作用同步,而滞后于日照时数1个月,且气温和降水对春小麦NDVI影响时效为1个月,日照时数为2个月;近年来,日照时数延长和降水增多有利于春小麦NDVI的增加及产量的提高。     

液化区埋地管线的数值模拟分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了由场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应的分析模型。用土弹簧模型模拟地下管道的受力特点,考虑了管土之间相互作用的非线性特征,通过算例分析了管道在发生上浮反应时的应力应变曲线,探讨了液化区埋地管道在发生上浮位移时的受力特征,得出了一些有意义的结果。主要有:管线的应力应变以轴向为主,并且管顶和管底的受力最大,管侧相对于管顶和管底轴向应力应变很小可以忽略;最大应变位于液化区和非液化区交界处;管线中点处等效应力达到极值等等。     

亚高山表层岩溶泉域土壤溶蚀速率季节变化及碳汇量估算——以重庆金佛山水房泉流域为例

利用标准溶蚀试片法测定了重庆金佛山水房泉流域林地、草地和灌丛三种土地利用类型不同深度年溶蚀速率。结果表明,不同土地利用类型、不同季节、不同土壤深度的溶蚀速率具有很大的差异。通过对各土地利用类型下不同季节不同深度土壤有机质、土壤CO2浓度和土壤pH分析发现:土壤有机质和pH相互耦合共同对溶蚀速率产生影响,有机质含量越高,则pH值越低,溶蚀速率就越大;三种土地利用方式下土壤CO2浓度与溶蚀速率具有一定的相关性,夏秋季土壤CO2浓度较冬春季高,相对应地,其土下溶蚀速率也比冬春季大。最后利用试片溶蚀数据对泉域内年碳汇量进行了估算,结果约为:25.595t/a。      

Dynamic stiffness of monopiles supporting offshore wind turbine generators

Very large diameter steel tubular piles (up to 10 m in diameter, termed as XL or XXL monopiles) and caissons are currently used as foundations to support offshore Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) despite limited guidance in codes of practice. The current codes of practice such as API/DnV suggest methods to analysis long flexible piles which are being used (often without any modification) to analyse large diameter monopiles giving unsatisfactory results. As a result, there is an interest in the analysis of deep foundation for a wide range of length to diameter (L/D) ratio embedded in different types of soil.This paper carries out a theoretical study utilising Hamiltonian principle to analyse deep foundations ($L/D\ge 2$) embedded in three types of ground profiles (homogeneous, inhomogeneous and layered continua) that are of interest to offshore wind turbine industry. Impedance functions (static and dynamic) have been proposed for piles exhibiting rigid and flexible behaviour in all the 3 ground profiles. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the conventional Winkler-based approach (such as p–y curves or Bean-on-Dynamic Winkler Foundations) may not be applicable for piles or caissons having aspect ratio less than about 10 to 15. The results also show that, for the same dimensionless frequency, damping ratio of large diameter rigid piles is higher than long flexible piles and is approximately 1.2–1.5 times the material damping. It is also shown that Winkler-based approach developed for flexible piles will under predict stiffness of rigid piles, thereby also under predicting natural frequency of the WTG system. Four wind turbine foundations from four different European wind farms have been considered to gain further useful insights.     

青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)边材心材边界的确定及树干传输水分的空间格局

利用染色法和SF-300树干液流仪分别区分了青海云杉树木的边材与心材的边界, 并用树干液流法研究了青海云杉树干传输水分的空间格局.结果表明: 染色法与树干液流法均能有效区分青海云杉树木的边材与心材, 但染色法更方便、 快捷; 利用染色法测定的青海云杉树木边材宽度与其胸径大小呈指数函数关系.青海云杉树干液流速率从边材外缘向里逐渐增大, 达到最大值后又逐渐减小, 其水分传输格局基本呈对称分布的.     

表层岩溶带土壤中多环芳烃分布特征及来源解析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对表层岩溶泉域土壤中的16种优控的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)含量进行了分析,并对其组成、污染水平和来源进行了探讨。结果表明,16种优控PAHs在表层岩溶泉域土壤中的检出率为100%,其含量介于439.19~3329.72ng/g之间,平均值为1392.44ng/g,7种致癌性PAHs占总量的26%。PAHs的组成特征受地形的控制,随着海拔升高,低环PAHs所占比例升高,高环PAHs比例降低。同分异构体比值分析表明,研究区土壤中的PAHs主要来自于煤、生物质和石油的燃烧排放。研究区土壤中16种PAHs的TEQcarc值介于18.65~501.13ng/g,平均值为140.57ng/g。7种致癌性PAHs占总TEQcarc的比例达到96.8%。研究区表土中,后沟泉域的污染程度最大,次之是兰花沟泉域和柏树湾泉域,水房泉泉域的污染程度最小,但由于柏树湾泉域松针落叶中BaP、PAHs含量较高,松针落叶中PAHs含量分别高达36.36ng/g和2370.1ng/g,土壤生态风险评价中应考虑松针落叶层的潜在影响。      

福建南部一次初春大雾过程分析

2010年2月9—10日,闽南-粤东沿海地区出现较大范围的大雾天气过程,并造成重大的交通事故。分析表明:本次大雾过程发生在冷空气影响过后,大气层结相对稳定;但低空为较强的西南暖湿气流。文中还统计分析了初春大雾过程的气象要素特征,为以后建立初春时期大雾的预报方法提供参考依据。     

济南岩溶泉域区域水文地质信息系统构建

为推动中国地下水信息系统的标准化,中国荷兰开展合作项目,以济南为示范区,引进ReGIS信息系统,合作开发ReGIS-China水文地质信息系统,系统实现的主要功能包括任意地质剖面和三维立体地质图生成、数据库校正、化学资料分析、水位动态曲线的生成、GMS模型栅格输入、图形生成与分区评价等,为构建全国范围的水文地质信息系统奠定基础。