浙江十种经济海藻的氨基酸含量分析

采用以异硫氰酸苯脂（ＰＩＴＣ）为柱前衍生化的ＰＩＣＯ－ＴＡＧ反相高效液相色谱法对浙江沿岸１０种经济海藻的氨基酸含量进行测定,得出以上海藻的氨基酸色谱图。发现１０种海藻的氨基酸组成基本相同。氨基酸总含量达１０．５７％～３３．５１％,其中必需氨基酸占总量的２８．２８％～４５．２２％。该测定结果可以为海藻经济开发提供参考。     

Remanent Magnetization in Portland-Cement-Based Materials

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the possibility of applying one geophysical method to studying untraditional systems as is the case with Portland-cement-based materials. The research demonstrates how conventional paleomagnetic methodology can be employed in studying the mode of magnetic recording in present-day industrial materials. Portland-cement admixtures such as fly ashes and furnace slags should be discriminated, because those particles interact in soils and sediments in nature. Moreover, a better undertanding of magnetic remanent acquisition in model materials can serve to improve the interpretation of magnetic remanent acquisition in natural rocks formed a long time ago. The magnetic constituents of Portland-cement paste and mortar acquire a magnetic remanence due to their alignment with the earth's magnetic field at the casting place. This magnetization can be measured using ordinary paleomagnetic techniques. The alignment of the individual magnetic particles accounts for the intensity of the magnetic remanence, which can be increased by adding water and by vibration before setting and hardening. Blast furnace slag admixtures also add to the enhancement of the intensity of remanence. The magnetization of Portland-cement-based materials shows a near linear relationship with the water /cement (w/c) ratios employed in the experimental work; the w/c ratios range between 0.2 – 0.6 in pastes and 0.3 – 0.6 in mortar. Stable remanent magnetization was obtained during the first seven days of setting and hardening, a period necessary for magnetic particles to become locked parallel to the earth's magnetic field. The stability of magnetic remanence predicts the usefulness of the methodology in studying the properties of Portland cement and particularly in the control of iron-bearing admixtures.     

山地温性积雪内液体水含量的测定方法

通过在北欧ＡｕｓｔｒｅＯｋｓｔｉｎｄｂｒｅｅｎ冰川积雪内的实际测定结果,证明野外测量积雪内液体水含量的新方法－酒精量热法是可行和适用的,解决了过去测定积雪内液体水含量时遇到困难。５个雪坑剖面的测定结果清楚地显示雪内液体水含量的区带性和随高度的变化,积雪内液体水含量的垂直变化与雪层中物理结构,温度和密度的分布有关。     

活性MgO碱性激发粒化高炉矿渣固化黏土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验研究

通过系列室内试验,研究了硫酸盐长期浸泡环境下GGBS-MgO固化黏土的物理和力学性质及微观特征变化规律,并与水泥固化黏土进行对比,揭示了GGBS-MgO固化黏土抵抗硫酸盐侵蚀的机制。与水泥固化黏土相比,硫酸盐浸泡条件下GGBS-MgO固化黏土表面完整度较好;质量变化率在浸泡120 d时仅为水泥固化黏土的0.25倍;固化黏土体pH略小于同期水泥固化黏土;浸泡初期GGBS-MgO固化黏土强度增长达20%,同周期时无侧限抗压强度较水泥固化黏土高15%～80%。X射线衍射试验（XRD）表明,硫酸盐侵蚀下GGBS-MgO固化黏土中水化硅酸钙（C-S-H凝胶）的峰值高于水泥固化黏土,而钙矾石（AFt）的XRD图谱峰值明显低于水泥固化黏土。电镜扫描试验结果表明,两种固化黏土中钙矾石形态明显不同：钙矾石在水泥固化黏土中以团聚型晶体存在,可具较强膨胀性,而在GGBS-MgO固化黏土中则以细短形态分布于颗粒间,可有效填充试样孔隙,使其具备良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力。     

Chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of waste liquid extract from Apostichopus japonicus Selenka processing

Apos tichopus japonicus Selenka is an ideal tonic food that is used traditionally in many Asian countries, and it contains many bioactive substances, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer materials. To convert waste liquid generated during production into a useful resource, extract from waste liquid was isolated by column chromatography and studied by the pyrogallol autoxidation and 1,10-phenanthroline-Fe²⁺ oxidation methods. Results show that the extract scavenged about 91% of the superoxide anion radical at a concentration of 1.4 mg/mL and 24% of the hydroxyl radical at 3.3 mg/mL. Four compounds were isolated and identified from the extract: 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-azine; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,3-diazine; 3-O-[β-D-quinovopranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-sodium sulfate-β-D-xylopranosyl]-holosta-9(11)-ene-3β,12α,17α-triol; and 24-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7-ene-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranoside. All of these compounds are known in A. japonicus, and were found in the waste liquid for the first time.     

Stability and changes in astaxanthin ester composition from Haematococcus pluvialis during storage

In this paper, we investigated the effects of temperature, oxygen, antioxidants, and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions, and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Oxygen and high temperatures （22-25~C） significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters. Corn germ oil and antioxidants （ascorbic acid and vitamin E） failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation, and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin. A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage. During storage, the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined, while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased. Thus, the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased, and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved. If the ratio is greater than 0.2, it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%. Our results show that storing algal powder from H. pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4~C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80% after 96 weeks of storage.     

天然沉积饱和黏土渗透系数试验研究与预测模型

为研究天然沉积土的物理特性、结构状态与应力水平对其渗透特性的影响,采用固结渗透联合试验,对太湖湖沼相粉质黏土原状样与具有不同前期固结压力的重塑样的渗透系数变化规律进行了测定。原状样和重塑样的渗透系数均随固结压力的增大呈非线性减小,且两者的孔隙比与渗透系数的变化模式相一致;而前期固结压力仅影响渗透系数大小。试验结果表明：土体渗透系数随孔隙比的变化规律不受土结构性（颗粒间胶结作用）和应力历史的影响;对于同一土体,渗透系数大小主要由孔隙比决定,进而对试验和相关文献中不同土体渗透系数在压缩过程中变化规律进行了分析,建立了线性的lg(1+e)-lgkv渗透模型,并考虑了液限的影响,对渗透指数 的经验关系进行了修正,修正后的 计算结果更接近于实测值。研究结果对准确分析原位地基实际受荷过程中非线性固结性状具有重要意义。     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定高炉渣和电炉渣中8种常见元素

研究了借助熔片法制样,将高炉渣、电沪渣两种基体建于同一组工作曲线。所获曲线线性良好。分析结果与标准值或湿分析值吻合。