一次冰雹过程的多普勒雷达资料分析

20022年6月16日，一次多单体强对流天气影响太原及周边地区。利用多普勒雷达回波资料分析了这次强对流天气过程，着重对冰雹云在其强度PPI、速度PPI、距离高度显示RHI上的回波特征进行了分析，并且利用垂直液态含水量分析了冰雹云增长的定量和定性的特征。通过分析总结出了冰雹云回波所具有的一般特点。2003年的汛期马上就要到来，这些分析结果，将为今后判别冰雹云和人工消雹提供依据。     

福建省地震局地震地下流体前兆观测现状与“十五”数字化改造进展

本文主要介绍我省地震地下流体前兆观测台网的现状 ,并对已完成地下流体前兆观测“十五”数字化改造的台站和测项进行分析 ,阐述了地下流体数字化改造中存在的问题。     

固相萃取—高效液相色谱法快速测定土壤及水中莠去津

建立了分析土壤和水中的莠去津农药残留的反相高效液相色谱方法。使用去离子水对土壤中的莠去津进行提取，Sep—Pak C18反相固相萃取柱对土壤浸提液和水样进行富集、浓缩、纯化，并用1．5—2mL的甲醇洗脱，利用甲醇—水作为流动相，采用等梯度淋洗技术进行高效液相色谱分析。莠去津在土壤中不同添加水平回收率分别为87．0％—93．3％，水中则为97．3％—103．2％，介于80％—120％。莠去津的最小检出量为0．01ng，土壤和水中莠去津最低检出浓度分别为1．5ng／g和0．03μg／L水平。该方法由于用水提取及固相萃取技术的使用，使整个前处理过程有机试剂的使用量仅为数毫升，适用于监测环境中的莠去津农药污染。     

Wind-induced vibration control of bridges using liquid column damper

The potential application of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges is explored in this paper. By installing the TLCD in the bridge deck, a mathematical model for the bridge-TLCD system is established. The governing equations of the system are developed by considering all three displacement components of the deck in vertical, lateral, and torsional vibrations, in which the interactions between the bridge deck, the TLCD, the aeroelastic forces, and the aerodynamic forces are fully reflected. Both buffeting and flutter analyses are carried out. The buffeting analysis is performed through random vibration approach, and a critical flutter condition is identified from flutter analysis. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the damper and it is shown that the TLCD can be an effective device for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges, either for reducing the buffeting response or increasing the critical flutter wind velocity of the bridge.     

Non-ionic surfactants adsorption: structure and thermodynamicsAdsorption des tensioactifs non ioniques : structure et thermodynamique

Adsorption of non-ionic surfactants from aqueous solutions has been studied for years because of its industrial relevance. These surfactants, made of an aliphatic part attached to a hydrophilic and polar chain, play an important role in diverse applications. Modelling of the adsorption mechanisms of surfactants has traditionally been based on the interpretation of adsorption isotherms. However, this first level of investigation is not sufficient for a complete understanding. Direct inspection of the adsorbed layer of non-ionic surfactant molecules at the solid–liquid interface is needed. This is an active field of research for almost 15 years, even if the subject is not completely settled down. The aim of this paper is to present a short review of this topic. I will restrict this paper to the case of non-ionic adsorption onto hydrophilic or polar solid interfaces. In the first part, I comment some experimental studies of non-ionic adsorption layer, including fluorescence spectroscopy, neutron scattering and atomic force microscopy. In the second part, a theoretical discussion about thermodynamics of adsorption is presented. A model involving an aggregative adsorption process is proposed. This last part will permit to raise some interesting questions concerning the role of the so-called ‘normal interaction’ (surfactant/solid interaction) to select the optimal surface aggregate curvature. To cite this article: P.E. Levitz, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 665–673.     

Interdiffusion of Na,K,and Ca Between Granitic Melts and NaCl Liquid

This study is aimed at determining the diffusion coefficient of net-work modifiers (mainly Na, K, and Ca) in a two-phase melt-NaCl system, in which the melts are granitic and the system is NaCl-rich in composition. The diffusion coefficients of Na, K, and Ca were measured at the temperatures of 750 – 1400°C, pressures of 0.001 × 10⁸ – 2 × 10⁸ Pa, and initial H₂O contents of 0 wt% –6.9 wt% in the granitic melts. The diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mg were difficult to resolve. In all experiments a NaCl melt was present as well. In the absence of H₂O, the diffusion of net-work modifiers follows an Arrhanious equation at 1 × 10⁵ Pa: lgD_ca=−3. 88−5140/T, lgD_k =−3. 79−4040/T, and lgD_Na, =−4.99−3350/T, where D is in cm² /s andT is in K. The diffusion coefficients of Ca, Na, K, and Fe increase non-linearly with increasing H₂O content in the melt. The presence of about 2 wt% H₂O m the melt will lead to a dramatical increase in diffusivity, but higher H₂O content has only a minor effect. This change is probably the result of a change in the melt structure when H₂O is present. The diffusion coefficients measured in this study are significantly different from those in previous works. This may be understood in terms of the “transient two-liquid equilibrium” theory. Element interdiffusion depends not only on its concentration, but also on its activity co-efficient gradient, which is reflected by the distribution coefficient, of the two contacting melts.     

石英包裹体中液相成分的测定

文章简要介绍了石英包裹体样品的清洗、打开、成分的提取过程，列出采用离子色谱、原子吸收、感耦等离子体发射光谱、感耦等离子体质谱法测定液相各成分的流程及部分分析结果。     

柳州“4·09”致灾冰雹的超级单体风暴过程分析

利用柳州和桂林天气雷达(SB)资料和相关实况资料,对2016年4月9日夜间柳州一次强雹暴天气的环境条件和雷达回波结构演变特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)雹暴发生在低层热低压发展,中层有冷温槽发展东移,高层有急流的背景下。地面干线和中尺度辐合线触发的对流云团在不稳定层结和较强的深层垂直风切变作用下发展为超级单体。(2)超级单体的低层反射率因子呈现出明显的钩状回波或倒"V"型人流缺口。反射率因子垂直剖面呈现出典型的有界弱回波区、回波悬垂和回波墙。最大的回波强度出现在沿着回波墙的一个竖直的狭长区域,其值达到65 dBz。相应的中低层径向速度图呈现出一个强中气旋,旋转速度达到24 m·s。该中气旋的发展和维持使得超级单体风暴发展并维持。(3)得出大冰雹临近预警的雷达参数量化指标:最大反射率因子达到60 dBz,中等强度以上中气旋,VIL值和VIL密度分别达到60 kg·m~(-2)和5.0 g·m~(-3),50 dBz以上强回波区伸展到-30℃层高度以上。     

大冶李德贵冶炼遗址矿冶遗物分析

采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射等测试手段,对大冶李德贵冶炼遗址矿冶遗物进行了物理测试、成分分析和物相分析。物理测试结果表明,遗址炼渣的熔融温度高于1280℃;成分分析结果表明,李德贵炼渣中铜含量很低,远低于炼铜渣的铜含量;而其铁含量很高,与欧洲早期铁器时代和罗马时代的块炼铁渣相近;物相分析结果表明,李德贵炼渣的主要物相与炼铜渣没有区别,但炼铜渣中发现一些铜氧化矿和硫化矿。结合对其他冶炼遗物的分析,可以初步判断该冶炼遗址是一处炼铁遗址。工作台面上发现的炼渣与铁矿石的混合物,表明古人很可能已将炼渣回收利用,与铁矿石原料一起回炉冶炼。     

江西省饶家山地区银多金属矿化特征及找矿远景

饶家山地区紧邻金溪县城以东,二十世纪70年代初,有关单位在该区开展过大量的地质找矿及科研工作,并未发现成型的工业矿体,但积累了大量地质成果。近两年通过对资料的二次开发、验证,在该区发现有较好的银铅锌矿化。笔者在总结前人成果资料的基础上,从成矿地质背景、矿化特征入手,结合堆积始于唐朝的大量古炉渣分析,表明本区具备形成大型银多金属矿的成矿条件,具有较大的找矿远景。