Sensitivity of the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMILI.I.0） Climate Simulations to Cloud Droplet Effective Radius and Liquid Water Path

This paper documents a study to examine the sensitivity to cloud droplet effective radius and liquid water path and the alleviation the energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface in the latest version of the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）, Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） （GAMIL1.1.0）. Considerable negative biases in all flux components, and thus an energy imbalance, are found in GAMIL1.1.0. In order to alleviate the energy imbalance, two modifications, namely an increase in cloud droplet effective radius and a decrease in cloud liquid water path, have been made to the cloud properties used in GAMIL. With the increased cloud droplet effective radius, the single scattering albedo of clouds is reduced, and thus the reflection of solar radiation into space by clouds is reduced and the net solar radiation flux at the top of the atmosphere is increased. With the reduced cloud optical depth, the net surface shortwave radiation flux is increased, causing a net warming over the land surface. This results in an increase in both sensible and latent heat fluxes over the land regions, which is largely balanced by the increased terrestrial radiation fluxes. Consequently, the energy balance at the top of atmosphere and at the surface is achieved with energy flux components consistent with available satellite observations.     

荧光-紫外检测器高效液相色谱法检测地下水中16种多环芳烃

应用荧光-紫外检测器联用的高效液相色谱法分析地下水中16种多环芳烃。对高效液相色谱条件进行优化,建立了分析方法,并用于实际水样分析。在较佳的实验条件下,加标回收率为86.3%～105%,方法精密度(RSD,n=7)为0.39%～2.55%,检出限为0.001～0.010μg/L。分析16种PAHs仅用20min,比EPA8310方法中采用的液相色谱法缩短了17min。方法灵简便、准确,灵敏度高,分析时间短,适用于大批量地下水中痕量多环芳烃的分析。     

天山西部季节性积雪密度及含水率的特性分析

利用Snow Fork雪特性分析仪采集积雪物理特性(积雪深度、积雪密度、体积含水率)数据,分析了天山积雪雪崩站稳定积雪期和非稳定积雪期雪物理特性的时间变化特征及其在垂直剖面上的廓线分布.结果表明:1)稳定期积雪深度随时间缓慢减小,体积含水率垂直廓线随积雪深度变化呈单峰曲线,峰值距雪表面约33cm,雪密度垂直廓线为中部大、积雪表层和底部较小;2)非稳定积雪期积雪迅速沉陷,体积含水率相对于雪层温度的变化有滞后效应,滞后时间约为2h,雪密度垂直廓线与稳定期相同.整个非稳定积雪期的日平均雪密度与日平均含水率、日平均温度均呈显著正相关.     

Assessment of several moist adiabatic processes associated with convective energy calculation

Several methods dealing with the moist adiabatic process are described in this paper. They are basedon static energy conservation, pseudoequivalent potential temperature conservation, the strict pseudoadiabatic equation, and the reversible moist adiabatic process, respectively. Convective energy parameters, which are closely related to the moist adiabatic process and which reflect the gravitational effects ofcondensed liquid water, are reintroduced or defined, including MCAPE [Modified-CAPE (convective available potential energy)], DCAPE (Downdraft-CAPE), and MDCAPE (Modified-Downdraft-CAPE). Two real case analyses with special attention given to condensed liquid water show that the selection of moist adiabatic process does affect the calculated results of CAPE and the gravitational effects of condensed liquid water are not negligible in severe storms. Intercomparisons of these methods show that static energy conservation is consistent with pseudo-equivalent potential temperature conservation not only in physical properties but also in calculated results, and both are good approximations to the strict pseudo-adiabatic equation. The lapse rate linked with the reversible moist adiabatic process is relatively smaller than that linked with other moist adiabatic processes, especially when considering solidification of liquid water in the reversible adiabatic process.     

石家庄地区一次秋季冷锋云系垂直微物理结构的观测研究

利用2008年10月4～5日石家庄一次降水性层状云系的飞机探测资料,结合实时天气、卫星、雷达等资料,分析了降水过程的天气背景条件、降水初期云中的液态含水量、云粒子平均直径和粒子谱等要素的垂直分布与变化特征,以及云系的垂直微物理结构。结合云中冰雪晶二维粒子图像的增长和地面降水特征,初步探讨了该层状云系降水形成的物理机制。...     

An Evidence of Aerosol Indirect Effect on Stratus Clouds from the Integrated Ground-Based Measurements at the ARM Shouxian Site

The aerosol effect on clouds was explored using remote sensing of aerosol and cloud data at Shouxian, China. Non-precipitation, ice-free, and overcast clouds were firstly chosen by a combination of sky images from the Total Sky Imager (TSI), cloud base heights from the Ceilometer, and vertical temperature profiles from the Balloon-Borne Sounding System (BBSS). Six cases were chosen in summer, and seven in autumn. The averaged cloud effective radii (re), cloud optical depth (COD), aerosol total light scattering coefficient (σ), and liquid water path (LWP) are, respectivey, 6.47 μm, 35.4, 595.9 mm-1, 0.19 mm in summer, and 6.07 μm, 96.0, 471.7 mm-1, 0.37 mm in autumn. The correlation coefficient between re and σ was found to change from negative to positive value as LWP increases.     

Levels and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in superficial sediment from 15 Italian marine protected areas (MPA)

Surface sediment from 15 Italian marine protected areas (MPA) were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The organic carbon percentage was also determined. Total PAH concentrations (ng g⁻¹ d.w.) ranged from 0.71 (Penisola del Sinis) to 1550 (Miramare). Individual PAH analysis showed that three and four rings PAHs were the most frequently detected isomers and accounted for 60-70% of the PAH total concentrations. PAH ratio analysis showed a prevalence of pyrolytic PAH origin at most of the MPAs with exception of Porto Cesareo and Ustica where a petrogenic origin was detected. Results for organic carbon percentages ranged from 0.3% (Capo Rizzuto) to 2% (Punta Campanella). These results are comparable to other Mediterranean marine environments. However, our results shows that some MPAs, such as Miramare, Porto Cesareo, Isola Capo Rizzuto and Punta Campanella, are subject to strong pressure from urban and industrial activities where high PAH levels were detected.     

黏滞阻尼器耗能减振工程应用设计方法研究

本中文阐述了黏滞阻尼器的构造、力学模型以及其耗能减振的基本原理,并基于国际结构振动控制公共平台Benchmark模型,采用ANSYS和SAP2000有限元软件对其进行无控和有控地震反应分析,研究了黏滞阻尼器自身参数、设置形式、速度指、阻尼系数、位置和数量等因素对其控制效果的影响规律.结合国内外规范,给出LVD安装形式、...     

一种获取流体包裹体气液比的便捷方法

本文建立了一套基于利用高分辨率偏光显微镜和荧光显微镜获取流体包裹体气液比的方法.通过高分辨率显微镜自身刻度,获取不同深度平面包裹体的图像,应用绘图软件勾画包裹体和气泡边界,获取不同深度切片上包裹体和气泡的面积,①把不同切片看做短柱体,用面积与切片步长相乘,累加获得包裹体和气泡的体积,计算包裹体的气液比;②拟合面积与深度...     

黄河冲积平原低液限土的工程特性研究

依托济南—乐陵高速公路路基勘察项目,依据试样的室内土工试验成果,应用回归分析方法,建立了黄河冲积平原低液限土的含水率与土的密度、孔隙比和压缩系数及土的塑性指标等相关经验公式;对区内赋存的低液限粉质黏土,通过与其他相近密实度的土,在抗剪强度及单向固结条件下固结特性的比较分析,指出该区域此类土质具有所谓的"高密度、低强度、中(偏高)压缩性"的工程特性。