高效液相色谱中有效理论塔板数的变量因素和柱效率的研究

研究了高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）、高效离子色谱（ＨＰＩＣ）、高效离子排斥色谱（ＨＰＥＩＣ）和低压离子色谱（ＬＰＩＣ）中有效理论塔板数的变量因素，提出了能定量表述柱分离效率的参数──柱效率Ｓ及其计算方法。给出了其它色谱参数（分离度Ｒｓ，分离系数α和容量因子Ｋ＇）与有效理论塔板数及柱效率相关的实验结果。     

含油气盆地油气同位素地球化学研究概述

以气体地球化学国家重点实验室工作为主，简要概述了对我国含油气的同位素地球化学研究。1．烃气的同位素地球化学：讨论了天然气成因新模式与气藏烃气同位素组成的关系，低演化阶段天然气同位素分馏的二阶段模式，云南中小盆地天然气低演化系列同位素特征及用储层解析气作油气源对比。2．稀有气体同位素地球化学：阐述了^3He/^4He值与中国构造分区，幔源氮的复合成藏和幔源甲烷问题以及气源对比等。3．液态烃同位素地球化学：简述了轻烃碳氢同位素特征及氢同位素作为判别古沉积介质盐度的指标，概述了未熟一低熟油同位素特征及在自然剖面上油和源油抽提物碳同位素分馏特征及其机理。     

云南保山西庄河流域森林土壤磷吸附特性

本实验测定了云南省保山地区西庄河流域几种森林土壤对磷的等温吸附。实验结果表明，供试土壤对磷的吸附很的拟合了Langmuir等温吸附曲线。土壤母质对磷的吸附影响很大，磷吸附量依次是页岩＞石灰岩＞砂岩。土壤中铁、铝含量是影响磷吸附量遥最重要和最直接的因素，其它土壤特性也通过影响铁、铝的含量或者铁铝氧化物的活性而间接影响土壤的磷吸附量。相关分析表明，供试土壤磷饱和吸附量与活性Fe^3 、Al^3 、全氧、有机质含量分别呈正相关，其相关系数分别是0．6215、0．6853、0．6855和0．6819；而与土壤pH、Ca62 含量、交换性盐基离子含量和直离子饱和度呈负相关，其相关系分别是－0．7366、－0．6802、－0．6383和－0．8730，都达到了1％的显著水平。     

Heavy metals and phosphorus in tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary

Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd), and phosphorous (P) were determined in surface tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary and Shanghai coast. Results demonstrate that there were significant differences among the accumulation of the heavy metals in sediments, following the order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The spatial distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments were closely related to the distribution of pollution resources (outlet of sewage) and the local sedimentary and hydrodynamic conditions. The dominated form of non-residual heavy metals is bound to Fe/Mn oxides, and the next form is bound to carbonates. Moreover, contents of total P in sediments range from 18.0 μmol.g-1 to 31.4 μmol.g-1 along the coastline, speciation of P in sediments was different, most of P in tidal flat sediments is associated with calcium phases (as Ca-P) similar to marine sediments.     

The ecosystem of a mesotrophic lake-II. Interactions among nutrient load,river flow,and epilimnion depth

The management variables which primarily affect phytoplankton biomass (as chl-a) in Lake Mjøsa, Norway, are total phosphorus loading (TP) and the timing and volume of water through flow (by active storage reservoirs). The response of the lake to changes in these factors is studied using a simulation model of the lake ecosystem. Chl-a responses from both observed data and the simulated results are extracted by multiple regression. Results show that decreasing TP load decreases chl-a, but less at low TP levels (< 10 mg TP · m^–3). There is also a certain time period for peak river flow which gives the least yield of chl-a per unit TP. This time period occurs in early summer (i.e., around June 10) if the total phosphorus load is low, and later if the load is high. Both observations and simulation results show that a high water flow increases chl-a at low epilimnion depths (< 15 m), but that the same high water flow decreases chl-a when epilmnion is deep.     

矿物包裹体液相组分变化原因初析

本文介绍在不同条件下所测定的矿物包裹体成分变化及引起变化的原因。     

Measurement of total dissolved phosphorus in small volumes of iron rich interstitial water

It is shown that sorption of orthophosphate to iron compounds, formed during persulfate digestion, can cause a significant underestimation of total dissolved phosphorus in interstitial waters rich in iron and poor in phosphorus. Labelling the samples with carrier free³²PO₄ before digestion allows to correct for these losses.     

非饱和土微观结构与粒间吸力的研究进展

吸力是非饱和土研究的重点也是其难点。重点在于自然界中诸多物理现象可以用吸力去解释，难点在于非饱和土吸力的量化测试技术现在还不成熟。非饱和土作为地球表层广泛存在的三相组合材料，其力学性质远远比饱和土复杂，归根结底在于土中水气界面形成的弯液面收缩膜，导致了土体孔隙产生吸力。非饱和土体的强度变形特征就是其内部吸力不断变化的宏观表现形式，其宏观物理力学性质与吸力之间存在一个桥梁——微观结构。对非饱和土微观结构和吸力理论、试验研究的整体把握是完善土力学的一个重要方法。开展对非饱和土液桥动态结构演化及吸力力链分布特性的研究，是全面了解非饱和土力学性能的重要基础之一，也是深入把握和量化非饱和土吸力的重要手段。