Chemical analyses of campbell Island fresh waters

Ten samples of freshwater from Campbell Island were analysed for their main ionic constituents. All show a preponderance of sodium and chloride derived from sea water. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium gave slightly higher concentrations than would be expected if derived solely from sea water. It is con‐eluded that the excess potassium is derived from the underlying rocks and soil, and the excess calcium and magnesium from the sea by fractionation into salt particles.     

Survey of historical New Zealand shellfish samples for accumulation of gymnodimine

In 1994 a major biotoxin event occurred along the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Gymnodimine, a unique bioactive spiroimine, was isolated and characterised from Foveaux Strait dredge oysters (Tiostrea chilensis = Ostrea chilensis) collected during this outbreak. This study reports the results of liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis for gymnodimine in 217 samples from eight species of shellfish over the years 1993–99. Of these samples 155, covering six species of shellfish, contained detectable gymnodimine with a range in concentration from 14.8 to 23 400 μg/kg. Gymnodimine‐containing shellfish occurred at 37 of the 63 sites sampled from around New Zealand. This study demonstrates that accumulation of gymnodimine is not limited to T. chilensis and can occur in other shellfish species over much of New Zealand. Gymnodimine is a possible cause of the numerous historical biotoxin screen‐positive results.     

Capturing temporal variability for estimates of annual hydrochemical export from a first‐order agricultural catchment in southern Ontario,Canada

This 2‐year study (2000, 2001) reports annual nutrient (phosphorus, nitrate) export from a first‐order agricultural watershed in southern Ontario based on an intensive monitoring programme. The importance of storm and melt events in annual export estimates is demonstrated and the temporal variability in nutrient loading during events is related to processes occurring within the catchment. The feasibility of predicting event‐related nutrient export from hydrometric data is explored. The importance of sampling frequency throughout events is also shown. Export of total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and nitrate ( ) for 2000 and 2001 averaged 0·35 kg ha^?1 year^?1, 0·09 kg ha^?1 year^?1, and 35 kg ha^?1 year^?1 (as N) respectively. Approximately 75% of annual TP export, 80% of annual SRP export and 70% of annual export occurred during 28 events per year. A small number of large‐magnitude events (>34 mm) accounted for 18–42% of annual TP export, 0–61% of annual SRP export and 13–33% of annual NO export. Our results show that temporal variability in nutrient export is largely governed by discharge in this basin, and export can be predicted from discharge. SRP and TP export can also be predicted from discharge, but only for events that are not large in magnitude. The sampling interval throughout events is important in obtaining precise estimates of nutrient export, as infrequent sampling intervals may over‐ or under‐estimate nutrient export by ± 45% per event for P. This study improves our understanding of and P export patterns and our ability to predict or model them by relating temporal variability in event nutrient export to discharge and processes occurring within the basin, and also by exploring the significance of sampling interval in the context of the importance of individual events, season and temporal variability during events. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Iron and phosphorus effects on the growth of Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae) and their availability in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, China

Based on lab-culture experiments analyzing limitation and combination of iron and phosphorus on the growth of Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae), and the study of accumulation and release of Fe-bound P in sediment cores collected from the marine region of the Pearl River Estuary, China, reasons for the high frequency of phytoplankton bloom therein are discussed. Results show that the combined effect of Fe and P can obviously accelerate algal development, and the optimum culture conditions maintaining maximum growth rate are 0.05 μM Fe and 50 μM P. Cellular contents of Fe and P is consistent and the P:Fe molar ratio is 159:1. The optimum range of the P:Fe molar ratio in culture experiments for cell incubation is 500–1400. The vertical trends of total Fe and total P variations in sediments are parallel. Fe-bound P is the main species of inorganic sedimentary P. Through continuous leaching with agitation, 34–80% of exchangeable P and 4–23% of exchangeable Fe are concurrently released from the surficial sediments. This is a possible way by which nutrients are made available to phytoplankton. These factors might be responsible for a high frequency of harmful algal blooms in the Pearl River Estuary.     

贵州晴隆锑矿稀土元素特征与成因探讨

对晴隆锑矿含矿层及围岩的稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,其ΣREE变化较大,但REE配分模式较固定,以明显的负Ce异常、Eu正异常、分配曲线相对平缓为特征。对比该区玄武岩的稀土配分模式图后发现,两者差异较大。结合镜下岩(矿)石的结构和矿物组合特征以及野外实际资料,认为锑等矿质元素是盆地流体通过花鱼井、雷钵硐等NE向的深大断裂运移,由于氧化还原、温度和压力等物理化学条件的改变,沉积赋存于"大厂层"中。     

武夷山石源龙铀矿区地质环境治理效果初析

矿山地质环境治理,对消除地质灾害隐患、恢复生态环境、保护水源地、保证矿山安全生产及当地人民的生命安全,稳定经济发展具有重要意义,针对武夷山石源龙铀矿区地质勘探设施放射性污染危害及造成的安全隐患,采取"封、挡、疏、填、清、盖、植"等方法进行综合治理,探讨铀矿区地质环境治理技术及其应用效果。     

流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述

综述了流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐的主要来源、营养盐输移的影响因素等方面的研究,介绍了当前营养盐输移研究的主要方法,并概括了氮、磷营养盐在流域-河口-近海系统的整体性研究。在此基础上,提出了该领域研究存在的主要问题及未来展望,强调了将流域、河口与近海系统作为一个整体,并充分发挥分布式模型的优势开展营养盐输移研究的重要性。     

液闪法测量水中氚放射性活度的淬灭效应

采用液体闪烁计数法进行放射性同位素测量时存在淬灭效应,而且几乎每个样品的淬灭程度都不同,并影响测量精度。采用液体闪烁计数法测量水中氚的放射性活度,淬灭是难以避免的,因此要进行淬灭校正,才能使不同淬灭程度的样品的测量结果具有可比性。淬灭校正的方法有很多,外标准校正法是一种比较可靠的方法。文章采用氚外标准校正法进行实验,得出淬灭校正曲线即探测效率E与淬灭参数SQP(E)的关系式为E=0.001 3SQP(E)-0.707 6,经过样品验证,该曲线是可靠的。采用外标准校正法适合于大批样品的测量。     

高效液相色谱法分析地下水和饮用水中苯并(a)芘

采用液-液萃取、高效液相色谱法测定地下水和饮用水中的苯并(a)芘,建立了适用于全国地下水污染调查项目多环芳烃中苯并(a)芘必测组分的检测方法。标准曲线的线性范围为2.00～80.0ng/L,相关系数为0.9999,方法检出限为1.8ng/L,回收率为93.1%～103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为6.48%。方法检出限低,精密度好。     

河南舞阳铁矿铁古坑矿段岩心钻探施工工艺

针对舞阳铁矿铁山矿床铁古坑矿段的复杂地层,详细介绍了在渣堆上钻探、堵漏等具体的施工技术措施,以期对今后的钻探施工有所指导。