From Micro to Meso: an exercise in determining hydraulic conductivity of fractured sandstone cores from detailed characterization of the fractures

Hydraulic conductivities of fractured sandstone bore cores of 0.1 m in diameter are calculated using detailed characterization of the fracture geometry parameters determined using a resin casting technique. The accuracy of the measurements was about  0.25–1.25 μm  with the image size used. The values of the effective fracture apertures vary between 10 μm and 50 μm. For modelling purposes the samples are sectioned serially, perpendicular to the flow direction along the cylinder axis. The hydraulic conductivity of individual slices is estimated by summing the contribution of the matrix (assumed uniform) and each fracture (depending on its length and aperture). Finally, the hydraulic conductivity of the bulk sample is estimated by a harmonic average in series along the flow path. Results of this geometrical upscaling compare favourably with actual conductivity measured in hydraulic and pneumatic experiments carried out prior to sectioning. This study shows that the determination of larger-scale conductivity can be achieved, based on the evaluation of fracture geometry parameters (e.g. fracture aperture, fracture width and fracture length), measured using an optical method, at least at the laboratory scale.     

管波探测方法及其应用

管波探测法是新兴的地球物理勘查方法。文章详细介绍了管波探测法的探测原理和野外施工工艺,分析并例举了不同不良地质体的管波特征,并论述了该方法在玉林某场地工程勘察中的应用效果。     

纵向岭谷区红河的跨境径流量变化特征分析

以云南境内红河蛮耗站的多年径流量观测数据和云南的降水场、气温场观测数据为基础，应用小波变换和相关系数的统计分析方法，分析了红河的跨境径流量变化特征及其与云南气候变化的关系。结论为：近50年来，纵向岭谷区红河的跨镜径流量变化表现出了较大时间尺度的波动；径流量的年内分配不均，主要集中在云南雨季开始后的6-11月份；径流量的年际变化表现出了十分明显的多时间尺度特征，其特征时间尺度约为2年、8年和17年；红河的跨境径流量变化与云南干、雨季的降水量场变化之间存在有十分显著的相关关系，但与云南干、雨季的气温场变化之间的相关性不是很显著，说明红河的跨境径流量变化主要是由于云南降水量场的变化造成的。     

论钾盐矿床的物质来源和找矿指示

讨论了钾及其有关物质的理化性质和行为规律,钾盐的物质来源,盐卤的变质,结晶分异,成矿条件和机制,认为富钾热液是形成钾盐矿床的重要的物质来源之一。矿物岩石流体包裹体的富钾成分、富钾热泉、富钾盐湖均是找寻钾盐矿床的重要指示。     

高液限粘土路基填土工程性质探讨

文中通过级配分析、击实试验,分析了高液限粘土路基填土的物理力学特性和压实特性。认为现行以压实度为指标的压实控制标准不完备,是引起公路病害的主要原因之一。建议引入空气体积率作为粘土路基压实程度的评判标准,并提高现有压实度控制标准中路堤的压实度。     

西北诸河区各省(区)地下水资源量评价及其分布特征

采用1980～2000年期间资料分析、计算了西北诸河区各省(区)地下水资源量,并结合降雨、水文地质条件及人类活动影响全面阐述了其分布特征,以期为西北诸河区水资源规划和开发利用提供依据,为西北地区社会经济发展服务.     

铜陵狮子山铜金矿田成矿流体成分及稳定同位素地球化学

Shizishan ore-field is a nonferrous and noble metal ore-field which is most rich in copper and gold.There are many types of fluid inclusions in minerals of the deposits.The homogeneous temperatures and the salinities of the fluid inclusions in main mineralization stages have wide ranges,while the different types of the fluid inclusions existed together and their homogeneous temperatures are almost identical in the same mineralization stage,which indicates that the ore-forming process has great relation with the fluid boiling.The gas and liquid chemical compositions and the carbon,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of copper-gold deposits have the same characteristics and evolution tendency,which reflects that the ore-forming material mainly came from the magmatism.The stratigraphic component and the meteoric water may mix in ore- forming fluids in the later mineralization stages.Furthermore,with the fall of the ore-forming temperature the ratios of water and rock decreased.The characteristics of chemical composition and carbon isotopic composition of fluid inclusions indicate that CH4 may play an important role for separating copper and gold in the ore-forming process.     

孔斜的地质因素分析

通过钻孔测斜成果与地质成果的对比分析，认为地层的地质特征是地层造斜性质的根本因素；借助地质资料．可以对地层的造斜性质及造斜强度做出及时、有效的预测与评价，并据此对该钻孔所揭露地层进行了统一分类；另外还指出了在高精度垂直钻孔施丁巾塔式钻具组合的适用范围。     

河南关山国家地质公园崩滑流地质灾害成因分析

河南关山国家地质公园于2005年9月被国土资源部批准成立,该公园位于河南辉县市西北的太行山区。地质公园由关山、八里沟、回龙、万仙山和宝泉5大园区组成,地质环境条件复杂。随着景区建设的大力进行,地质灾害频繁发生,类型众多,主要有地面崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等,严重威胁人民生命财产的安全,给公园建设、地区经济发展造成了重大损失。文章在野外大量调查和室内分析研究的基础上,以关山、八里沟园区为例详细阐述了地质灾害特征,从地形地貌、地层岩性、人类工程活动、气象等方面探讨了地质灾害形成机理;基于公园地质灾害评估工作的特殊性,提出了相关建议,为关山国家地质公园及周边其它景区的地质灾害防治工作提供科学依据。     

Experimental and simulation studies on the role of fluid velocity during particle separation in a liquid–solid fluidized bed

The fluidization technique has been in use for particulate material processing operations for many years. It has been widely believed that the ratio of size and density of the particulate components controls the separation efficiency. In this paper, it is demonstrated that fluid velocity during fluidization could assume an overriding significance when an improvement in separation efficiency is required. This was at first experimentally established by analyzing simpler particulate systems, and later a simulation scheme was adopted to study a wider range of particulate systems. The numerical scheme known as the discrete element method (DEM), that incorporates both the solid- and hydro-dynamic components of the interactive forces, served as an important tool in understanding the separation behavior of binary particulate systems in fluidized beds. It has been established that mere fluidization does not necessarily guarantee an optimal separation, especially when the particles differ widely in density and size.