文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)体内氨基脲含量与环境相关性研究

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行了文蛤体内氨基脲含量与环境相关性研究。在(13±1)℃的水温条件下,将文蛤分别浸浴于氨基脲浓度1.0μg/L、5.0μg/L的海水中6天进行吸收试验,第7天起隔天换水进行消除试验,结果表明:文蛤对水体中氨基脲的富集能力较低,蓄积量随时间的延长和给药浓度的增加而增加。氨基脲在不同浓度中具有相似的消除规律:初始阶段均具有较高的消除速率,随后消除趋势趋于平缓,并在一段时间内维持一定质量分数;至试验结束时,低浓度组和高浓度组文蛤体内氨基脲最终降低至低于检出限(0.5μg/kg);本研究所得的药时曲线对贝类氨基脲污染的净化提供了数据支持。     

基于数字岩心的含水合物石英砂微观渗流有限元分析

利用X射线计算机断层扫描系统（CT）获得不同饱和度下含水合物石英砂内部气、水、水合物各相态分布特征,通过有限元方法计算了不同水合物饱和度下石英砂液相渗透率变化,并模拟了流体在孔隙内的流动情况,获得了假定边界条件下孔隙流体的三维流速分布。研究结果表明,随着水合物饱和度的降低,渗透率逐渐增大,其中当水合物饱和度从56%下降到39%时,液相渗透率值增速最大;水合物分解末期,液相渗透率并未随着有效孔隙度的增大而快速升高,通过CT扫描图像显示,部分石英砂孔隙和喉道可见甲烷气泡滞留,由于气体的贾敏效应在一定程度上阻碍了液体的流动,从而导致液相渗透率增速降低。本研究建立了一种基于石英砂内部真实孔隙特征的液相渗透率和液体流速计算方法,可为水合物开采过程中储层微观渗流演化机理研究提供参考。     

浙南海域腹泻性贝毒分析

在浙南海域共采集了10种贝类40份样品.运用高效液相色谱方法检测腹泻性贝毒,共检出 9份样品含有腹泻性贝毒.染毒样品检出的腹泻性贝毒(软海绵酸,OA)质量比为0.07～5.85 μg/g,共有7个样品含量超标,超标率为17.5%.无论是检出率还是超标率,都呈现夏季>春季>秋季的规律.浙南海域的南部腹泻性贝毒检出率和超标...     

A new extraction technique for in situ analyses of amino and carboxylic acids on Mars by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

In order to target key organic compounds in the Martian regolith using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we have developed a new extraction procedure coupled with chemical derivatization. This new technique was tested on a Mars analog soil sample collected from the Atacama Desert in Chile. We found that amino and carboxylic acids can be extracted from the Atacama soil in a 1:1 mixture of isopropanol and water after ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. The extracted organic compounds were then derivatized in a single-step reaction using N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as the silylating agent in order to transform these compounds into volatile species that can then be detected by GC-MS. We are currently developing a miniaturized reaction cell suited for spaceflight, where both organic extraction and chemical derivatization processes can take place in a single step.     

Plateau typeE(%)- pH curves of interfacial exchange between liquid and solid in seawater

A study on the curves of the exchange ratioE(%)- pH on the liquid-solid interface of the systems Zn (II) with clay minerals, (Kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite), Zn (II) with hydrous ferric oxides (amorphous ferric oxide, geothite and hematite), Zn (II) with hydrous manganese oxide (γ-MnOOH, manganite and δ-MnO₂) etc. in seawater resulted in the discovery of new plateau type exchange ratioE(%)-pH curves not yet reported in literature. The two factors that decide the growth, decline and the change of the “plateau type” curve are: (1) the inherent characteristics of systems, which can be explained by the exchange constants (i=1, 2, 3, etc.) of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange between liquid and solid; and (2) . The theory of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange in seawater was applied to explain the experimental results of the above study and a general formula was derived for the plateau type exchange ratioE(%)-pH curves. The theoretically simulated and calculated curves coincided well with the experimental results. This paper provides new and powerful experimental basis to support the theory of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange in seawater. The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

基于微元动态物质平衡法模型确定水淹层混合液电阻率

水淹层测井评价关键技术之一就是精确计算水淹层混合液电阻率,目前精确计算水淹层混合液电阻率的方法精度亟需提高。为此,本文提出精确计算地层混合液电阻率的微元动态物质平衡法。该方法将水驱油过程微元化,并考虑到水驱油过程中地层原生水与注入水离子有效交换比例这个变量,理论上该变量随水淹程度的增强从0逐渐变为1。对比结果表明,一阶导电法、变倍数物质平衡法和改进的微元动态物质平衡法模拟计算岩石电阻率的平均相对误差分别为0.192、0.169和0.124,改进的微元动态物质平衡法精度有了较大的提高,并且得到的混合液电阻率在不同水淹类型测井评价中可以更精确地计算剩余油饱和度。该方法已推广应用到各大油田不同水淹类型测井评价中,计算的水淹层含水饱和度与密闭取心的饱和度数据最为接近,水淹层测井综合解释符合率达到87%以上。     

大气物理学

基于采样间隔为2 min的湖北省高速公路交通气象站观测资料和微波辐射计资料,对2014年1月29—30日发生在湖北省一次强浓雾过程的大尺度环流背景、温度、相对湿度、液态水含量以及水汽密度等要素的演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,这次大雾的发展演变可以分为三个明显的阶段：大雾的形成阶段,气温与路面温度降低,能见度下降,且下降速率明显;大雾的发展增强阶段,气温与路面温度变化平稳,能见度不足百米;大雾的消亡阶段,气温与路面温度升高,能见度上升,大雾消散。大雾产生在特定的大气环流背景下,微波辐射资料分析表明,近地层逆温是大雾产生的重要条件,它的演变与大雾的生消发展有着较好的对应关系。大雾的形成到发展增强阶段,水汽密度明显从近地面逐步向上增加,液态水含量数值增大,相对湿度饱和区高度抬升,大雾厚度变厚,雾浓度变大,能见度下降;大雾的消亡阶段,液态水含量、水汽密度明显减小,相对湿度饱和区高度降低,大雾厚度变薄,雾浓度减小,能见度上升。

     

The effects of dissolved organic matter on the aqueous partitioning of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

The partitioning of six polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons into aqueous solutions containing dissolved organic matter from various coastal environments was investigated by liquid chromatography. Specific hydrocarbon-organic matter interactions were observed. The greatest interactions occurred with the very low solubility hydrocarbons and with organic matter of terrestrial origin. Ultrafiltration experiments suggested that it was the relatively high (greater than approximately 500) molecular weight organic matter that was interacting with the hydrocarbons.     

竖直螺旋槽管强化传热传质特性的研究—壁面几何形状对液膜流动特性的影响

该文研究竖直螺旋槽管壁面液膜形成及流动特性。建立了单组分流体的物理和数学模型并得出解析解 ,并分析了壁面几何形状对液膜流动特性的影响。结果表明 :液膜的形状主要受表面张力影响 ,在表面内弯处液膜较厚 ,而在槽道起始部液膜较薄。相对于光滑直管 ,竖直螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有均匀的厚度分布和更好的传热传质性质。     

KLWC-5含水量仪原理及在人工增雨中的应用

简要介绍了热线含水量仪的研究进展，讨论了目前人工增雨试验中使用的机载KLWC含水量仪的工作原理、显示模块及其在微物理探测中的应用。这些飞机观测数据资料有助于加深人们对云物理结构的了解，从而提高人工增雨作业效率。