孙疃煤矿102采区防水煤岩柱留设技术研究

依据准北孙疃煤矿102采区资料,通过分析研究矿区第四系、基岩风化带及10煤层顶板水文地质及工程地质条件,利用规程计算、FLAC3D数值模计算以及临近许疃、桃园两矿的实测资料,最终得出采区的冒落带高度为14m,裂隙带高度为45.6m,从而确定该采区的防水煤岩柱为30m,并对其可靠性进行分析论证。该项研究可以使采区10煤层防水煤柱的留设从90m降低到30m,解放煤炭资源量42万t,产生直接经济效益10500万元。     

Prediction of surface crown pillar stability using artificial neural networks

A relatively novel technique, artificial neural networks (ANN), is used in predicting the stability of crown pillars left over large excavations. Data for the training and verification of the networks were obtained from the literature. Four artificial networks, based on two different architectures, were used. The networks used different numbers of input parameters to predict the stability or failure of crown pillars. Multi‐layer perceptron networks using mine type, dip of orebody, overburden thickness, pillar thickness, pillar length, stope height, backfill height, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of the host rock and RMR of the orebody showed excellent performance in training and verification. Adding three more variables, namely pillar width, rock density and pillar thickness to width ratio, showed symptoms of over‐learning without degrading performance significantly. Radial basis function networks were capable of predicting crown pillar behaviour on the basis of few input functions. It was shown that mine type, dip and pillar thickness to width ratio can be used for a preliminary estimation of stability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅议地质勘查单位的资产重组

为适应建立市场经济体制的要求 ,广西地勘单位必须进行资产重组。要结合国家的产业政策 ,着力培育支柱产业和优势企业 ,把推进领导班子建设放在重要位置 ,在机构改革的关键时期实现平稳过渡     

GPS-RTK技术在矿山高精度沉陷监测的应用研究

针对复杂地表条件下,采用常规水准测量和导线测量等常规方式,进行地表变形周期观测,任务量巨大甚至无法实施,提出建立研究区域的似大地水准面精化模型,采用GPS-RTK技术获取观测站三维空间信息,进而获得概率积分法预计参数。以内蒙古准格尔旗某煤矿的生产实践,说明该技术的有效性和可行性,极大地提高了工作效率,为保护煤柱的留设提供了科学的依据。     

On the rheological characterisation of liquefied sands through the dam-breaking test

This paper concerns the rheological characterisation of liquefied sands as non-Newtonian Bingham fluids. For this purpose, dam-breaking laboratory tests are often executed and interpreted, offering a viable option to identify the properties of fluidised water-soil mixtures. However, limited attention has been devoted so far to clarify what variables and measurements would allow unambiguous calibration of Bingham parameters, namely, the viscosity η and the yield stress τ_y. The numerical results of parametric studies based on the particle finite element method (PFEM) are critically inspected to gain deeper insight into the problem. First, it is confirmed that multiple η − τ_y pairs may reproduce the same experimental evidence when formed by only one measurement—usually, the post–dam-breaking displacement of the bottom toe (tip) of the liquefied mass. Then, two alternative procedures are proposed for unambiguous identification of both η and τ_y: one is based on monitoring the evolving aspect ratio of the fluid mass during free, gravity-driven flow; the other relies on a slightly different dam-breaking test, also including impact against a rigid obstacle. In particular, the latter approach reduces the relevant duration of the test, reducing the possible influence of reconsolidation effects on the calibration of rheological parameters.     

基于现场记录的液化和非液化场地加速度时频曲线对比分析

研究液化场地和非液化场地上地表地震加速度记录的时频曲线,提出频率下降率概念和计算方法,给出液化场地和非液化场地频率下降率的分界值。加速度时频曲线采用零交法进行分析,非液化场地包含软土场地和除去软土场地后的一般非液化场地。结果表明：①所定义的频率下降率的概念和计算方法,能够反映液化和非液化场地地表加速度时频响应特征和变化规律;②峰值前,在平均意义上液化场地与一般非液化场地平均频率相差不大,软土场地上的平均频率远小于一般非液化场地和液化场地;③峰值后,在平均意义上一般非液化场地加速度平均频率最高,软土场地居中,液化场地最低;④软土场地与液化场地峰值后平均频率范围有交叉,如以加速度时频曲线绝对变化量为判断标准,软土场地和液化场地会出现混淆;⑤液化场地和非液化场地的加速度频率下降率的分界值为0.5,以此可正确区分出液化场地与非液化场地以及液化场地与软土场地。     

大断面综放沿空巷道煤柱合理宽度与围岩控制

确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6～10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

液化场地桥梁足尺桩抗震简化分析方法

采用国际VELACS项目中离心机试验标定的内华达砂的动力计算参数,建立液化场地足尺桩-土动力相互作用分析的三维有限元模型;获得不同幅值的正弦波作用下桩-土动力相互作用的p-y曲线,修正并发展一种可用于液化场地桩-土动力相互作用分析的宏单元模型,并基于非线性文克尔地基梁模型建立桥梁足尺桩抗震分析的数值模型与简化方法,通过有限元分析结果验证该简化方法的正确性。     

基于巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形的煤柱稳定性

采前煤柱稳定性研究是工作面冲击危险性评估和开采方案设计的关键。以山东某矿深井巨厚砾岩条件工作面开采遗留煤柱为背景,采用案例调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工程实践等方法,对巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形机制及其煤柱稳定性进行了研究,建立了巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形的简化力学模型,探讨了引起煤柱变形的主要应力来源和变形形式,推导了在协同变形条件下煤柱的应力-应变关系。以此为基础,综合煤柱煤体应力、围岩稳定性和变形特征等条件,提出了煤柱整体失稳的力学判据。研究结果表明：巨厚岩层-煤柱失稳诱发冲击与煤柱的位置、尺寸和上覆岩层运动或变形关系密切,上覆岩层运动或变形是诱发煤柱失稳的动力因素;巨厚岩层-煤柱的变形主要包括受集中力F压迫的协同挠曲压缩变形和受集中力G作用的重力沉降变形,二者保持内在协调性;巨厚岩层下煤柱整体失稳的工程判据为煤柱煤体平均支承应力p超过其平均极限支承强度Rc（p≥Rc）;评估得到遗留的50 m煤柱具有强冲击危险性,并通过优化开采设计,取得了良好的效果。该研究成果对相似条件煤柱留设及其稳定性分析具有参考意义。