Behaviour of abandoned room and pillar mines in Illinois

Summary Little comprehensive information has been reported on the behaviour of room-and-pillar mines. The objective of this paper is to present case data on mine failures in the Illinois basin for use in practice. Presented are results of an ongoing study and details on the site characteristics of cases where sags have developed on the surface. Site data are reported to show the geologic, mining, and sag conditions that existed. Sags mainly develop from pillar, floor, or pillar-floor failure. The character of the sags depends upon the type of mine failure as well as the overburden response.Preliminary results show that the statistical no-risk tributary pressure decreases over 300% as the mine age increases from about 2 to 100 years at a long-term value of approximately 300 psi (2070 kPa). As more information is collected and more analysis is done, the allowable tributary pressure can be determined for different site conditions.A plot is also reported that depicts the relationship of the maximum subsidence to site conditions. It was found that the modified subsidence factor was heavily dependent upon the overburden rock thickness.     

新集二矿下夹片地层特征及在防水煤柱留设中的意义

针对新集二矿新生界松散层，推覆体下开采的特殊地质及水文地质条件，通过对夹片地层水文工程地质条件，边界条件及富水性特征的分析，阐明夹片地层在防水煤柱留设中的意义，并通过生产实践验证，取得了较好的经济及技术效益。     

弹性填料处理河道污水实验研究

采用弹性填料曝气生物膜法对污染的河道水体进行处理的实验研究,结果表明,在2m/h的流速、水温为16℃~18℃、气水比为1∶1的条件下,采用弹性填料的生物膜处理系统运转正常,不易发生堵塞或系统短流,系统此时的水力停留时间为3.5h左右,污水中的COD和NH3-N去除率稳定,其均值分别为49.4%和19.1%。     

The development of the pinnacles (Lena pillars) along Middle Lena (Sakha Republic,Siberia, Russia)

The study deals with the Lena Pillars (Sakha Republic, Russia, Siberia). The Lena Pillars are pinnacle features which are characteristic on karsts. The importance of these features is that they are extremely large and occur on very large areas. Their occurrence is interesting because they do not appear on tundra karst. We investigated the veneers of cliffs, the fracture density of the building rock, the distribution and dispersion of the fracture directions, direction distribution and dispersion of the giant grikes between the pillars, the layer thickness of the building rock, the size and dispersion of debris. We distinguished pillar types, and then we classified the features on the area of the pillars from a morphogenetical point of view. According to investigations and morphological analyses, the pillars developed from palaeokarsts. During the former karstification grikes and caverns developed close to the surface. These features coalesced into each other. The giant grikes of great size became filled and the pillars were covered. After the cut of the Lena River these features were revealed and became exhumed. Now the pillars are destroyed and continue developing by frost weathering.     

砂岩单轴压缩试验P波速度层析成像及声发射特性研究

深部矿井开采极易诱发矿柱型岩爆,矿柱型岩爆严重威胁着矿山的安全高效开采,为探究矿柱型岩爆破坏机制和前兆信息,选用自贡红砂岩进行单轴压缩试验,并采用主动超声和被动声发射对破裂过程进行监测,联合主动超声与被动声发射监测数据对波速进行层析成像反演,分析试样破裂过程中波速演化规律。研究结果表明：砂岩试样在加载过程中速度模型呈现高度非均质性,在加载过程中会出现低速区,且声发射事件集中出现在低速区内部;P波速度离散度可反映全局波速变化特征,在峰值附近变化剧烈,随荷载增加P波速度离散度持续增大;声发射事件在峰前、峰后定位结果相差较大,峰前阶段声发射事件随机分布,峰后阶段声发射事件定位结果集中。此外,研究发现选用均质速度模型进行声发射事件定位会增大定位误差,试样最终失稳前b值的降低表明试样大尺度裂纹活动加剧,导致岩石非均质性增大,也间接证明了采用非均质速度模型进行声发射震源定位的必要性。该研究结果可用于现场矿柱稳定性监测,定期反演获得矿柱波速变化为矿柱型岩爆提供先兆预警信息。     

采动诱发滑坡的变形机理及治理设计研究

以山西某大型煤矿工业场地滑坡勘察与治理工程为例,分析了地下采矿对古滑坡稳定性的影响及复活机理:即采动变形降低了滑坡体土层的力学强度; 采动拉裂缝为地表水和雨水的下渗提供了渗透路径,导致滑带土发生软化; 滑坡前缘的采空移动变形对滑坡体起着牵引作用。采用工程地质测绘、钻探、物探及实时GPS监测系统等综合手段确定了滑坡周界、滑动面及滑动主方向与变形速率; 根据滑坡的空间形态、物质结构及变形特征对该滑坡体在空间上分区、剖面上分级,并据此设计了分区治理、分级支挡和留设地下抗滑煤柱等的滑坡治理方案。监测资料表明,经治理后的滑坡处于稳定状态。     

滇东泸西地区中三叠统法郎组液态油苗的发现及意义

对南盘江地区进行野外石油地质考察,在中三叠统法郎组中发现液态油苗。该油苗位于云南省泸西地区,地表延伸长度超过12km。含油层位的岩性为全黑色生物碎屑泥晶灰岩,油气显示性质为液态油苗和稠油,呈褐黑色、褐黄色,多以浸染状、晶间孔型、溶洞型和裂缝型产出。含油层的下伏地层为中三叠统个旧组,主要为一套碳酸盐岩沉积,产2套累计厚度16m左右的油浸砂糖状白云岩。含油层上覆地层法郎组上段为一套泥质碎屑岩沉积,该套地层的泥岩段中有大量油斑产出。液态油苗的发现显示了该区良好的油气勘探前景。     

条带开采地表沉陷预计参数的确定

概率积分法是条带开采地表移动和变形预计常用的方法,而概率积分法预计的精度取决于其预计参数的确定。以国内大量的条带开采实测资料为基础,应用相似理论对条带开采地表沉陷的相似现象进行了模糊聚类分析,计算出了条带开采地表沉陷预计参数。根据所得条带开采地表沉陷相似现象的分类及其地表沉陷预计参数,应用模式识别对待求条带开采地表沉陷预计参数进行了求取。工程实例表明,用模糊优化确定的预计参数进行条带开采地表移动和变形预计,其预计结果更加可靠、准确。     

沿空掘巷合理煤柱宽度综合分析与确定

在总结分析经验法、理论计算法、数值模拟法、现场实测等确定煤柱宽度方法优缺点的基础上,提出了采用现场实测和数值模拟相结合的方法来确定保留煤柱宽度。根据石炭井二矿生产实际,分别对巷道开挖前后,不同煤柱宽度下围岩应力、变形进行了模拟,同时利用21053工作面异型煤柱的有利条件,对不同煤柱宽度下巷道围岩变形、支护结构受力等进行了实测。经过对监测数据的分析,得出了巷道围岩变形、支护结构受力与煤柱宽度之间的关系,结合数值模拟结果,确定了石炭井二矿煤柱宽度。     

神府矿区隐蔽采空区相关致灾因素分析及勘查技术

本文在分析神府矿区隐蔽采空区相关致灾因素基础上,针对该区隐蔽采空区主要相关致灾因素特点进行了勘查方法重新划分,对各勘查技术方法测网密度、参数选择等进行优化,形成一套精细勘查神府矿区隐蔽采空区相关致灾地质因素的技术体系.为了充分发挥不同勘查方法对隐蔽采空区不同致灾因素响应特征的的优点,分别采用浅层地震技术勘查采空区范围、瞬变电磁法技术勘查积水区位置;采用同位素测氡技术和钻孔测温、测气技术勘查火区和有毒有害气体;采用钻孔电视技术和钻孔冲洗液漏失量观测技术勘查采空区顶板;采用三维激光扫描精确勘查房柱式采空区残留煤柱尺寸.该体系研究成果为神府矿区采空区隐蔽灾害评估、治理提供参考依据.