基于WRF模式的兰州秋冬季大气污染预报模型研究

随着城市化进程的加快,城市大气环境问题成为人们关注的热点问题之一。诸多研究表明,特殊气象条件是造成城市大气污染事件的主要因子之一。本文利用WRF模式模拟得到的高时空分辨率气象场,结合污染物浓度监测数据,分析了风速、稳定能量、Froude数、边界层高度、位温递减率、输送指数和梯度理查森数与兰州大气污染物浓度的关系,并根据WRF的模拟要素建立了污染物浓度与气象影响因子的回归方程。研究发现,兰州城区边界层高度和位温递减率与大气污染物浓度的相关系数高,NO2与气象影响因子的相关性较PM10好。建立的回归方程对NO2的模拟效果好于对PM10的模拟效果,其对城区污染物浓度的模拟效果好于郊区。通过与不同地区空气质量数值模式模拟效果对比,结果表明：回归方程对污染物的模拟效果与数值模式模拟效果相当,甚至好于部分地区空气质量数值模式的模拟效果。因此,该研究方法为我国城市空气质量预报和大气污染研究提供了科学依据。     

加肋土工膜衬垫系统稳定性分析

针对填埋场衬垫系统薄弱界面容易失稳,在加肋土工膜与砂土界面力学机制分析的基础上,改进了传统双楔体分析法,考虑了加肋土工膜肋块端部端承阻力对衬垫系统稳定性的影响,建立了加肋土工膜衬垫系统稳定性分析解析解。结合某实际工程初步设计,对加肋土工膜衬垫系统进行了稳定性分析,探讨了肋块形状、肋块高度和加肋间距对衬垫系统安全系数的影响。分析结果表明,该解析解能更好地计算加肋土工膜衬垫系统的安全系数。当加肋间距为20 mm时,肋块高度对安全系数的影响较大;当肋块高度一定时,安全系数随着加肋间距增加而逐渐减小;在加肋间距大于200 mm之后,加肋土工膜已接近光面土工膜的剪切特性。     

Dynamic response of an eccentrically lined circular tunnel in poroelastic soil under seismic excitation

An exact analysis for two-dimensional dynamic interaction of monochromatic progressive plane compressional and shear seismic waves with a permeable circular tunnel lining of circumferentially varying wall thickness buried in a boundless porous elastic fluid-saturated formation is presented. The novel features of Biot dynamic theory of poroelasticity in conjunction with the translational addition theorems for cylindrical wave functions, along with the appropriate wave field expansions and the pertinent boundary conditions are employed to develop a closed-form solution in form of infinite series. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical examples in which an air-filled and water-saturated permeable tunnel lining of variable wall thickness, embedded within water-saturated surrounding formations of distinct frame properties (soft, stiff, and stiff viscoelastic soil), is insonified by fast compressional or shear waves at selected angles of incidence. The effects of liner eccentricity, interface permeability, formation material type, incident wave frequency, and angle of incidence on the hoop stress amplitude are evaluated and discussed for representative values of the parameters characterizing the system. Limiting cases are considered and good agreements with the solutions available in the literature are obtained.     

不完全驱替条件下提高固井质量应用研究

随着勘探开发的不断深入,超深井末开次固井中完井深已超过7400 m。地质结构复杂与井身结构多样化给固井带来了诸多质量控制难点,尾管固井均具有“二高一小一低”的特点 ,即易漏风险高、施工压力高、注替浆排量小、顶替效率低的特点,造成了固井期间浆体的不完全驱替。本文通过顺北油田固井技术应用实例,寻求在不完全驱替条件下提高固井质量的方法,达到提高该区块固井质量的目的,提高油井寿命。     

褶皱土工膜+针刺钠基膨润土防水毯复合衬里的剪切试验研究

防渗工程中土工膜的褶皱现象普遍存在,然而目前关于土工膜界面剪切特性的研究大都忽略了褶皱的影响。以糙面土工膜（GM）和针刺钠基膨润土防水毯（GCL）组成的复合衬里为研究对象,利用水化变形试验证实两步水化法能有效地加速含褶皱GM+GCL复合衬里的水化步骤,使用大尺寸温控水浴直剪仪对含褶皱GM+GCL复合衬里的剪切特性进行了试验研究。通过将含褶皱GM+GCL复合衬里的剪切特性与无褶皱复合衬里进行对比分析,揭露了GM褶皱对复合衬里剪切特性的影响机制。GM褶皱的存在使得GM+GCL复合衬里的剪切应力-位移曲线产生较大差异,并使得低压下复合衬里的抗剪强度明显降低。GM褶皱使复合衬里产生明显的渐进破坏效应,复合衬里内部能出现多种破坏模式共存的现象。     

时空数据空间特征的动态可视化模型

本文以多时态地理现象空间特征的连续变化过程的动态可视化表达为研究对象,借鉴Flash中逐帧动画和形状补间技术的设计思想,提出一种以时间为驱动的时空数据之空间特征的动态可视化模型:设计一组适用点、线、多边形地理实体的空间特征的图形变形算法,用于在"关键帧"之间插值生成足够多中间时刻的地理现象的空间特征状态作为"中间帧";采用合适的地图动画时间比例尺,连续播放各个"关键帧"和"中间帧",最终实现逼真动画效果的空间特征动态可视化。     

Hydraulic and Thermal Conductivities of Kaolin–Silica Mixtures under Different Consolidation Stresses

Stable backfill materials for the heat sensitive structures of buried power cables, hot water pipes, and gas pipelines are suggested to have low permeability and high heat transfer characteristics. The hydraulic and thermal conductivities of backfill materials or clay liners are important parameters in proper design and construction of geotechnical structures involved with heat transfers. In this study, to investigate the optimal natural backfill or liner materials, thermal and hydraulic conductivities of kaolin–silica mixtures examined based on the results from laboratory tests under different consolidation conditions. From the experiment results, the thermal conductivity increases while hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing density during consolidation process. As a result, back-fill materials with high kaolin content under low consolidation stress were desirable materials for burial of heat sensitive structures.     

Evaluation of liner responses due to non-uniform tail void grouting pressure

Tail void grouting initially does facilitate the action of ground loads around the lower half of the liner and no excess pressure being accumulated. However, at a later stage (almost at the completion of grouting), grout pressure becomes non-uniformly distributed around grout injection holes especially on the upper half of the liner. In the present study, the boundary and loading conditions were simulated by using a series of finite element analyses. It aimed to explore the effects of such temporary non-uniform loading conditions on development of the liner internal forces. The results obtained for tunnel with diameter of 6.0 m were presented. It was found that there were critical locations where application of non-uniform grouting pressure could result in large amounts of bending moment and deformation. Those critical locations; about ±30° to ±50° from crown of the tunnel, were about the locations where actual grouting was injected in the field. The stiffness of sub-soil beneath the tunnel invert had minor effect on the amount of induced structural forces. However, ground coverage was more important. The results, though cannot fully represent complicated tail grouting behaviours, provided a simple analytical procedure for exploring the effects of tail void grouting on the segmental liner.     

陶粒贴砾过滤器的研制与应用

针对水井修井和水平井成井填砾困难的特点,通过大量室内试验,研制了陶粒贴砾过滤器。该过滤器以PVC—U塑料管作衬管、陶粒作滤料,经粘合剂粘结而成,具有滤水阻砂效果好,整体质量轻,韧性好,滤层的抗压、抗冲击强度高等优点。介绍了陶粒贴砾过滤器的基本性能特点和应用效果。     

上海浦东表层粘性土对城市垃圾污染质的阻隔能力

室内实验和野外观测研究结果表明，浦东表层粘性土对总铁，Cl^-,NH4^ ,COD等都具有较强的净化能力；土中水的起始或临界水力梯度均大于实际的水力梯度，但“隐渗流”对环境的影响不容忽视，包气带土中不存在临界迁移深度，岩不采取措施，填埋场会污染地下水，土的渗透性和压缩性在压实作用下，可得到明显改善，满足填埋场对粘性土垫层的基本要求。