GCL对垃圾渗滤液中阳离子和有机质的吸附能力

通过对渗透前后垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行化学成分的测定和分析,研究了GCL的吸附能力及其变化规律,并采用X射线荧光光谱分析对试验结果进行了验证。研究结果表明在渗透过程中GCL对渗滤液中的有机物和阳离子存在吸附作用,水化液对GCL的吸附能力有一定影响;在渗透开始阶段,GCL对垃圾渗滤液中阳离子和有机物的吸附能力比较强,而后逐渐达到吸附饱和状态而丧失吸附能力,因此用GCL作为防渗屏障,主要是依靠其低渗透特性,而非其对溶液中有机质和有害离子的吸附作用。通过对膨润土进行X射线荧光光谱分析也发现:经过渗透后的膨润土中除常见氧化物外,还有来自渗透液中被吸附的物质,但含量不大。     

四川邛崃宝珠山电站隧洞工程的快速掘进技术

针对在红色地层的砾岩层中掘进水工隧道的特点，总结了从设备选型，优选开挖方案，控制开挖断面，处理不良地质条件段，协调掘进与衬砌进度等方面所采用的一些主要技术措施，以及实现掘进进度大幅度提高，获得优质、高效、安全的经验。     

Determination of hydraulic conductivity of sand-bentonite mixtures for engineering purposes

Pollution of the environment due to leakage from waste repositories is a well-known and wide spread problem. Emphasis has therefore been put on design of liners for such repositories, focusing on hydraulic conductivity and its variation with time, liner composition, water content, compaction etc. The paper addresses the hydraulic conductivity of sand/bentonite mixtures, especially the variation of the hydraulic conductivity as a function of bentonite content, compaction and degree of saturation. In order to better understand the variation of the hydraulic conductivity of a sand–bentonite mixture a new parameter k ₁ has been proposed. The parameter reflects the amount of bentonite per pore volume and can easily be calculated based on the amount of bentonite and the dry density of the soil mixture. Thereby, the hydraulic conductivity can be predicted as a function of different degres of compaction. This method can be used for engineering purposes to predict the hydraulic conductivity at an early stage of a design to get an idea of the required design and hence, cost.     

考虑非等温环境下污染物在黏土中的运移解析模型

利用广义积分变换法推导了非等温条件下污染物在压实黏土衬垫中的运移解析解。所提出的解析解考虑了分子扩散、对流、吸附和热扩散的耦合效应,并考虑了压实黏土的渗透系数、分布系数和有效扩散系数3个参数随温度的变化。通过与热扩散试验结果、已有的解析解和基于COMSOL软件的数值模型的对比,验证了所提出的解析解。利用经过验证的解析解,研究了非等温环境以及压实黏土的渗透系数、有效扩散系数和分布系数3个参数随温度的变化对甲苯在压实黏土衬垫系统中迁移的影响。结果表明,非等温环境以及压实黏土的渗透系数、有效扩散系数和分布系数随温度的变化均对甲苯在压实黏土衬垫中迁移有着显著的影响。不考虑非等温环境的影响将极大低估污染物的溢出量和污染物的击穿时间。既有解析解忽略压实黏土的渗透系数和有效扩散系数随温度的变化会极大低估甲苯的流出速率,而忽略压实黏土分布系数随温度的变化会极大高估甲苯击穿衬垫系统的时间和达到稳态的时间。所提出的解析解能够考虑热扩散作用,同时考虑了压实黏土的渗透系数、分布系数和有效扩散系数3个参数随温度的变化,较既有解析解更贴近工程实际,能够为压实黏土衬垫系统的设计和服役性能评价提供指导和借鉴。     

垃圾填埋场防渗衬里粘性土的改性研究

鉴于垃圾填埋场常用天然粘性土衬里存在防渗能力的不足，提出了一种复合土(石灰 粘性土 膨润土)作为改性村里，并以垃圾浸泡液作为渗透液进行了改性衬里和天然粘性土衬里室内土柱对比实验。结果表明，相对于天然粘性土衬里，改性后衬里的渗透系数由lO^-8～lO^-7cm／s之间降低到lO^-9～lO-8cm／s之间，对垃圾浸泡液中的COD、三氮及铁离子的平均衰减百分比，分别由75．9l％升高到84．42％、91．3l％升高到94．06％、93．05％升高到94．67％。     

港口体系转型的空间格局及影响因素——基于长江三角洲实证分析

采用"理论演绎-案例实证-机理阐释"的研究逻辑,从空间视角提出理论假设,分析港口体系在运量、航线与后勤3个维度的集散及转型规律,并以长三角集装箱港口体系为例进行假设验证.结果 表明,运量和航线总体上表现为空间分散化态势,低端后勤要素亦由中心枢纽港城市向外围边缘港城市扩散,但高端后勤要素在空间上呈现出进一步向中心枢纽港城...     

Flow and transport through clay membrane barriers

Flux equations for liquid and solute migration through clay barriers that behave as semi-permeable membranes used in waste containment and remediation applications, known as clay membrane barriers (CMBs), are discussed. The results of a simplified analysis of flow through a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) using measured values for the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient (ω) of the GCL indicate a total liquid flux that counters the outward Darcy (hydraulic) flux due to chemico-osmosis associated with clay membrane behavior of the GCL. Also, the solute (contaminant) flux through the GCL is reduced relative to the solute flux that would occur in the absence of membrane behavior due to chemico-osmotic counter advection and solute restriction. Since diffusion commonly controls solute transport through GCLs and other low-permeability clay barriers, the implicit (empirical) correlation between ω and the effective salt-diffusion coefficient of the migrating contaminant is an important consideration with respect to contaminant restriction in CMBs.     

Prediction of the water balance of two soil cover systems

Soil cover systems are widely used for containment of municipal solid waste, hazardous and mine waste, with the objective of limiting the ingress of precipitation and oxygen. The ability to predict their long-term performance is crucial, as their failure would result in the release of contaminants to the environment. However, monitoring covers over the long term to derive the information needed to aid in design is impractical and there are no large-scale covers that have been in use for a long enough period to generate the data needed. Numerical models have been particularly useful as design tools. To improve their reliability these models may be calibrated to field data and then used to make long-term predictions of cover performance. The field performance of two resistive test soil covers on a 20% sloping waste rock platform is predicted using the two-dimensional soil–atmosphere model Vadose/W. Input data for the model included soil, climate and vegetation data obtained either in the field or laboratory. Model results were compared to field data to assess the validity of the program. The model reasonably simulated field response patterns for soil water storage and suction. Divergence between field performance data and model predictions were significantly influenced by snowmelt, interflow and flow through preferential pathways.     

石墨衬瓷皿在硫酸钡分析中的应用

用石墨衬瓷皿替代铂坩埚,碱熔分解硫酸钡矿样,熔样条件为750℃,保温20min。该分析方法成本低,分析结果稳定、可靠。适用于中小型矿山生产过程中硫酸钡的测定。