Dynamic responses of structure–soil–structure systems with an extension of the equivalent linear soil modeling

A three-dimensional problem of cross interaction of adjacent structures through the underlying soil under seismic ground motion is investigated. The story shears and lateral relative displacements (drifts) are the targets of the computations. These are calculated using a detailed modeling of soil, the foundations and the two adjacent structures. An equivalent linear behavior is assumed for the soil by introducing reduced mechanical properties consistent with the level of ground shaking for the free-field soil. Then a distinctive soil zone (the near-field soil) is recognized in the vicinity of the foundations where the peak shear strain under the combined effect of a severe earthquake and the presence of structures is much larger than the strain threshold up to which the soil can be modeled as an equivalent linear medium. It is shown that it is still possible to use an equivalent linear behavior for the near-field soil if its shear modulus is further reduced with a factor depending on the dynamic properties of the adjacent structures, the near-field soil, and the design earthquake. Variations of the dynamic responses of different adjacent structures with their clear distances are also discussed.     

Effects of sewage discharges on lipid and fatty acid composition of the Patagonian bivalve Diplodon chilensis

Lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition and selected oxidative stress parameters of freshwater clams (Dipolodon chilensis), from a sewage-polluted (SMA) and a clean site, were compared. Trophic markers FA were analyzed in clams and sediment. Saturated FA (SAFA), and bacteria and sewage markers were abundant in SMA sediments, while diatom markers were 50% lower. Proportions of SAFA, branched FA, 20:5n − 3 (EPA) and 22:6n − 3 (DHA) were higher in SMA clams. Chronic exposure of D. chilensis to increasing eutrophication affected its lipid and FA composition. The increase in EPA and DHA proportions could be an adaptive response, which increases stress resistance but could also lead to higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation TBARS, lipofuscins (20-fold) and GSH concentrations were higher in SMA clams. FA markers indicated terrestrial plant detritus and bacteria are important items in D. chilensis diet. Anthropogenic input in their food could be traced using specific FA as trophic markers.     

Improvement of snow depth retrieval for FY3B-MWRI in China

The primary objective of this work is to develop an operational snow depth retrieval algorithm for the FengYun3B Microwave Radiation Imager(FY3B-MWRI)in China.Based on 7-year(2002–2009)observations of brightness temperature by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS(AMSR-E)and snow depth from Chinese meteorological stations,we develop a semi-empirical snow depth retrieval algorithm.When its land cover fraction is larger than 85%,we regard a pixel as pure at the satellite passive microwave remote-sensing scale.A 1-km resolution land use/land cover(LULC)map from the Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,is used to determine fractions of four main land cover types(grass,farmland,bare soil,and forest).Land cover sensitivity snow depth retrieval algorithms are initially developed using AMSR-E brightness temperature data.Each grid-cell snow depth was estimated as the sum of snow depths from each land cover algorithm weighted by percentages of land cover types within each grid cell.Through evaluation of this algorithm using station measurements from 2006,the root mean square error(RMSE)of snow depth retrieval is about 5.6 cm.In forest regions,snow depth is underestimated relative to ground observation,because stem volume and canopy closure are ignored in current algorithms.In addition,comparison between snow cover derived from AMSR-E and FY3B-MWRI with Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)snow cover products(MYD10C1)in January 2010 showed that algorithm accuracy in snow cover monitoring can reach 84%.Finally,we compared snow water equivalence(SWE)derived using FY3B-MWRI with AMSR-E SWE products in the Northern Hemisphere.The results show that AMSR-E overestimated SWE in China,which agrees with other validations.     

线性分布基床系数弹性地基梁有限单元法改进

弹性地基梁法常用于研究土和结构的相互作用,对于均布荷载和边界条件简单的弹地基梁,采用理论解即可方便地进行计算。侧向荷载作用下桩体、嵌入式挡墙一般根据弹性地基梁理论进行分析,并假定基床系数随深度增加。对于基床系数呈线性分布或呈均匀分布但边界条件复杂的弹性地基梁理论求解困难,通常采用有限差分法或有限单元法近似求解。采用有限单元法计算线性分布基床系数弹性地基梁时,若单元划分数量不够,就存在计算精度不足的问题。采用加权余量法推导了更为精确的2节点5次位移函数和相应的单刚矩阵,得出了线性分布荷载作用下挠度的5次多项式近似解,从而实现只需划分很少的单元数,节点位移及单元内位移的分布即可达到较高的计算精度,极大地提高了计算效率,单元内力的分布可直接由位移函数导出,简化了后处理计算程序。     

基于多元线性回归的HTEM三维异常体电导率-深度识别

针对时域航空电磁飞行测量数据量大、电导率-深度成像计算时间长,以及三维反演困难等问题,笔者采用三维时域有限差分数值计算方法,计算了多组不同电导率、不同深度的三维异常体电磁响应;通过分析三维异常体剖面曲线的属性特征,提取了7个特征属性参数;基于多元逐步回归法建立了三维异常体的电导率、深度回归方程;通过对方程进行离群值剔除和共线性诊断、显著性检验,最终得到了电导率、深度最优回归方程。对回归方程模型分析和精度分析的结果表明,取样时间为0.2~1.5 ms时：电导率模型的相对误差小于11.95%,残差平方和为4 653.724;深度模型的相对误差小于13.19%,残差平方和为10 873.645。因此,采用多元逐步回归法建立三维异常体电导率和深度方程是完全可行的,是一种有效、准确、快速的识别方法,为野外航空电磁飞行测量时的海量数据异常快速检测和识别奠定了基础。     

2007-2008年武汉市空气质量预报和检验

通过开展武汉市空气质量预报研究,研讨武汉市空气质量状况。结果表明：2007-2008年武汉市空气质量优良的出现频率为77.6％,且未出现超过轻度污染的情况,其中夏季空气质量明显好于其他季节。经验证,采用逐步线性回归法建立的预报模型对武汉市空气质量具有一定的预报能力,级别预报准确率达78.1％。统计各级预报准确率发现,此方法较适用于空气质量为Ⅱ级的情况,提出在使用时应结合天气预报和前一日空气质量监测实况对预报结果进行修正。     

永兴1981—2010年蒸发特征及其影响因子相关性分析

利用统计学的方法分析了1981年到2010年永兴蒸发量年、季、月的变化特征,并根据道尔顿蒸发定律和永兴岛的气候特点,分析了影响永兴蒸发量的主要气象要素及其与蒸发量的相关性,结果表明：在这30年里永兴岛的蒸发量呈上升趋势,进入21世纪后蒸发量的增加明显。气温、湿度、降水、气压、日照与蒸发量的相关性较好,是影响永兴岛蒸发量变化的主要因子。     

基于线结构光的3维目标测量与多分辨率建模

随着数字化技术的发展,对高精度的3维模型的需求也日益增长。介绍一个利用线结构光扫描获取目标3维信息的测量系统.详细介绍整个系统的硬件组成和目标表面3维轮廓的获取过程。还提出一种适用于线结构光测量系统的标定方法。为了根据需要调整3维模型的分辨率和数据量,使用改进的边折叠三角网简化算法实现多分辨率3维建模。实验中对3维目标进行测量并给出可视化结果。     

多时相TM影像相对辐射校正研究

多时相影像对应波段中地物波谱“准”不变特征点(Pseudo-Invariant Features,PIFs)的选取是相对辐射校正的前提,采用目视解译选取主观性较强,在一定程度上影响了校正精度。利用绍兴试验区两时相TM影像,通过样本点间差异阈值,主成份分析和回归分析方法控制选取影像对应波段间的PIFs,使得校正样本点的选取具有客观性。在此基础上获取增益和偏移量并对两时相影像进行相对辐射校正,取得了较好的校正效果,从而有利于土地利用/覆盖变化监测。     

应用Matlab优化工具箱处理附线性不等式约束的最小二乘平差问题

目前附不等式约束的最小二乘平差模型主要是引入一些优化算法,结合传统的平差理论来求解。在实际操作中这种平差算法同其它的平差模型相差很大,以致不能用现有的平差理论来完全解决。分析了目前求解该模型的理论现状以及较为成熟的各种优化软件,介绍了该平差模型的原理,说明了使用商业软件Matlab工具箱的步骤,通过算例得出结果,并与其它算法得到的相比较,表明应用Matlab优化工具箱处理附线性不等式约束的最小二乘平差问题具有简易性和有效性。