东准噶尔卡拉麦里金矿带构造控矿特征及有利度分析

东准噶尔卡拉麦里金矿带是新疆重要的成矿带之一,已经发现的金矿床（点）有100多处。区内断裂构造极为发育,主要的断裂构造有卡拉麦里深大断裂、清水—苏吉泉断裂和库普大断裂,由大断裂派生的次级断裂广泛发育,与金的成矿关系极为密切。在已有研究的基础上,借助遥感解译技术,在数理统计的基础上,总结了卡拉麦里金矿带构造控矿特征,并初步进行了有利度分析。结果表明：北西—北西西向的断裂为该成矿带内极为有利的控矿构造,其控制了成矿带的展布,与其共生的次级断裂和派生断裂为容矿构造,控制着矿床（点）的位置。北东—北东东和北东对金矿的控矿作用不明显。金矿床（点）多分布在5~15个/100 km²的密度区内。线性构造交汇点密度高峰值为25个/100 km²,随着密度值的增高,金矿床（点）逐趋减少。     

蒸发条件下土壤水分响应模拟

基于有限元(FEM)和改进的积分型Richards方程解法(IRE方法)对蒸发条件下5种土体土壤水分响应进行了研究.数值实验结果表明:在土壤表面潜在蒸发量0.50 cm/d的情况下,5种土体土壤含水率变化曲线均呈现单拐点两阶段的特点,拐点出现在地表下20cm左右,拐点上部区域曲线曲率大于下部区域,两阶段的划分以15d左右为界,前阶段比后阶段的土壤水分变化快;蒸发模拟结果很好的证明了蒸发三阶段理论.总蒸发量和下边界排水量与土壤结构密切相关,而总水量变化量和变化率与土壤质地有关.IRE方法与FEM模拟结果基本一致,解法相对简单,模拟结果可靠性高.     

塔里木河流域白杨农田防护林蒸散量估算模型

以水面蒸发量为基础,利用多年的白杨农田防护林试验资料,建立了塔里木河流域白杨农田防护林蒸散量的两种估算模型,并利用白杨林实际蒸散量的测量值,分别对两种模型进行了验证。结果表明,从总体上来说,模型(Ⅰ)计算精度较高,但两种模型的相对误差都不是很大,都可以作为计算塔里木河流域白杨农田防护林蒸散量的方法而使用,但要根据具体情况加以应用。     

Simulation and projection of climate change using CMIP6 Muti-models in the Belt and Road Region

Climate condition over a region is mostly determined by the changes in precipitation, temperature and evaporation as the key climate variables. The countries belong to the Belt and Road region are subjected to face strong changes in future climate. In this paper, we used five global climate models from the latest Sixth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to evaluate future climate changes under seven combined scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5) across the Belt and Road region. This study focuses on undertaking a climate change assessment in terms of future changes in precipitation, air temperature and actual evaporation for the three distinct periods as near-term period (2021-2040), mid-term period (2041-2060) and long-term period (2081-2100). To discern spatial structure, K?ppen-Geiger Climate Classification method has been used in this study. In relative terms, the results indicate an evidence of increasing tendency in all the studied variables, where significant changes are anticipated mostly in the long-term period. In addition to, though it is projected to increase under all the SSP-RCP scenarios, greater increases will be happened under higher emission scenarios (SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0). For temperature, robust increases in annual mean temperature is found to be 5.2 °C under SSP3-7.0, and highest 7.0 °C under SSP5-8.5 scenario relative to present day. The northern part especially Cold and Polar region will be even more warmer (+6.1 °C) in the long-term (2081-2100) period under SSP5-8.5. Similarly, at the end of the twenty-first century, annual mean precipitation is inclined to increase largely with a rate of 2.1% and 2.8% per decade under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 respectively. Spatial distribution demonstrates that the largest precipitation increases are to be pronounced in the Polar and Arid regions. Precipitation is projected to increase with response to increasing warming most of the regions. Finally, the actual evaporation is projected to increase significantly with rate of 20.3% under SSP3-7.0 and greatest 27.0% for SSP5-8.5 by the end of the century. It is important to note that the changes in evaporation respond to global mean temperature rise consistently in terms of similar spatial pattern for all the scenarios where stronger increase found in the Cold and Polar regions. The increase in precipitation is overruled by enhanced evaporation over the region. However, this study reveals that the CMIP6 models can simulate temperature better than precipitation over the Belt and Road region. Findings of this study could be the reliable basis for initiating policies against further climate induced impacts in the regional scale.     

蒸发波导环境下风浪对电磁波传播影响的数值模拟研究

蒸发波导是一种特殊的大气波导,在其中传播的电磁波信号会被陷获在近海大气层中,实现超视距传播。受海表面温度、湿度、风速、微波频率等因素的影响,海洋蒸发波导环境中的微波传播特性起伏变化很大,规律十分复杂。以往的工作主要通过计算这些气象因素对蒸发波导条件下大气折射率剖面的影响来分析它们对路径损失的作用,其结果与实验数据仍有较大差异。本文在一定的蒸发波导条件下,利用一维分形海面模型产生海面"地形",将其作为抛物方程电磁波传播模型的边界条件进行计算,得到相应的路径损失,并与传统计算方法进行对比,分析了不同蒸发波导高度、不同频率及不同接收天线高度时的数值模拟情况,可为舰艇通信系统或者雷达系统的设计提供相应的依据。     

基于随机森林模型的东北地区收缩城市分布格局及影响因素研究

基于2005-2009年、2010-2014年、2015-2019年和2005-2019年人口变化数据,判定东北地区收缩城市,分析其空间分布格局,并对比运用多元线性回归方法和随机森林回归方法探索东北地区收缩城市形成的影响因素及其影响作用.结果 表明:①空间上,东北地区的收缩城市主要分布在以长白山、三江平原、小兴安岭和大...     

基于密集线性台阵的背景噪声成像在明光市城市活断层调查中的应用

近年来,短周期密集台阵被动源探测技术逐渐成为地壳精细结构探测研究中的重要手段.为了探讨其应用于城市活断层调查在勘探尺度的有效性,在横跨安徽省明光市郯庐断裂带东界两条主干断裂位置,沿同期的主动源S波反射剖面,安徽省地震局和中国科学技术大学联合布设了一条由133个短周期地震仪组成的被动源密集测线.我们通过该被动源测线获得了约28天的连续波形记录,并采用一种新的线性台阵背景噪声成像方法——拓距相移法提取了10 Hz~2.0 s宽频的基阶Rayleigh波相速度频散曲线.利用得到的宽频带频散曲线,我们反演了近地表 1.3 km以浅的高分辨率S波速度结构,并与基本重合的主动源S波反射剖面以及地质资料等进行对比,验证了反演结果的可靠性,同时进一步分析了郯庐断裂带东界两条主干断裂的断层特征.结果表明：（1）被动源与主动源反演结果在近地表100 m以浅高度一致,且被动源的反演深度更深;（2）池河—太湖断裂是隐伏于深部的走滑断裂和浅部伸展断裂的综合反映,浅部为倾向北西的正断层,向上穿透第四系地层,可能为活动断裂;（3）拓距相移法能有效拓宽频散曲线的提取频带,保证浅部结构具有高分辨率,同时大大加强对深部结构的约束.该方法能够获得可靠的地下结构反演结果,可以作为城市活断层调查的一种新的有效手段.

     

Spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of impervious surface evaporation in the Baiyangdian catchment from 1980 to 2020

Evaporation from impervious surfaces plays a vital role in the catchment water cycle. Exploring the spatiotemporal variation patterns and influencing mechanisms of impervious surface evaporation at the catchment scale can improve the understanding and evaluation of the evaporation process. This study downloaded 0.5 m resolution images of the Baiyangdian catchment (BYD) from Google Earth and used deep learning to identify impervious surfaces. This was used to revise impervious surfaces of the China land cover dataset in 1985 and 1990–2020. Potential evaporation (PET) from three types of impervious surfaces (roofs, ground affected or not affected by the building height) was calculated by modifying the parameters of the Penman–Monteith equation, and daily precipitation and water-storage capacity of impervious surfaces were taken into account to estimate impervious surface evaporation (E). The results showed that E values of the three types of impervious surfaces were between 72.1 and 178.2 mm/year and all exhibited the spatial distribution of high in the northwest and low in the southeast of the BYD in 1980–2020. Compared with that in 1980, in 2020, the cumulative evaporation (EAP) increased by 134.4%. The ratio of EAP to cumulative precipitation ranged from 3.0% to 6.9%, increasing significantly in a fluctuating manner. The increments in precipitation days and impervious surface area played a major role in the increase of EAP, and the decrease in precipitation was the fundamental reason for the increase in the proportion of impervious surface evaporation and water resource pressure in the BYD. Excluding the continuous evaporation from the remaining water can likely lead to underestimating the impervious surface evaporation. This study provides an efficient and reasonable novel approach for calculating impervious surface evaporation in long series and large-scale catchments.     

南黄海地震资料叠前去噪技术应用

南黄海盆地位于下扬子地台东北部,是一个由多期、多类型盆地叠加的复合残留盆地,平均水深约为50 m。工区内地震资料信噪比较低,干扰波类型较多,主要有涌浪、电缆和水鸟等产生的随机噪声,线性噪声和船干扰等相干噪声。通过系统分析噪声在振幅、频率方面的特征,以及噪声产生的机制,分别在不同域采用多种压制方法,主要采用分频分时振幅衰减技术去除异常振幅噪声,f-x域相干噪音方法压制低速线性噪声干扰,外部噪音模型法压制高速线性噪声,τ-p域切除法去除直达波干 扰,以及采用fxy域预测误差方法压制船干扰噪声等。通过以上叠前多域去噪技术方法,在尽量不损害有效信号的情况下,对南黄海地震数据的各种噪声进行很好的压制。     

滑裂面形状对挡土墙主动土压力的影响

滑裂面的准确选取对挡土墙稳定性分析有重要影响。基于塑性极限分析理论,分别推导了直线和对数螺旋线滑移模式下挡土墙主动土压力的计算公式,通过算例对比分析研究了平面滑裂面和对数螺旋滑裂面主动土压力的特点。研究结果表明:直线滑裂面为对数螺旋滑裂面的一种特例,随着滑裂面曲率增大,主动土压力合力作用点逐渐上移,主动土压力合力略有增加,但对墙趾的弯矩显著增加,不利于挡土墙稳定性;挡土墙各参数对直线滑裂面主动土压力合力作用点有不同影响,随着填土内摩擦角、挡墙倾角、填土倾角的增大而上移,随着墙土间摩擦角、黏聚力与容重挡土墙高度的乘积之比的增大而下移,合力作用点位置大致在0.2~0.4倍墙高处,说明主动土压力的非线性分布。研究结果对准确选取滑裂面形状计算挡土墙主动土压力有实际工程应用价值。