SOFTWARE REVIEWS

AMOS—Analysis of MOment Structures . James Arbuckle CLIMATEDATA–Summary of the Day . (Version 1.10). HYDRODATA–U.S.G.S. Daily Values (Version 2.0). The MAP SETS (includes EUROPEAN MAPSET, US MAPSET and WORLD MAPSET). James Taylor     

Prediction of local scour around circular piles under waves using a novel artificial intelligence approach

Abstract

The scour phenomena around vertical piles in oceans and under waves may influence the structure stability. Therefore, accurately predicting the scour depth is an important task in the design of piles. Empirical approaches often do not provide the required accuracy compared with data mining methods for modeling such complex processes. The main objective of this study is to develop three data-driven methods, locally weighted linear regression (LWLR), support vector machine (SVR), and multivariate linear regression (MLR) to predict the scour depth around vertical piles due to waves in a sand bed. It is the first effort to develop the LWLR to predict scour depth around vertical piles. The models simulate the scour depth mainly based on Shields parameter, pile Reynolds number, grain Reynolds number, Keulegan–Carpenter number, and sediment number. 111 laboratory datasets, derived from several experimental studies, were used for the modeling. The results indicated that the LWLR provided highly accurate predictions of the scour depths around piles (R?=?0.939 and RMSE = 0.075). Overall, this study demonstrated that the LWLR can be used as a valuable tool to predict the wave-induced scour around piles.     

南黄海地震资料叠前去噪技术应用

南黄海盆地位于下扬子地台东北部,是一个由多期、多类型盆地叠加的复合残留盆地,平均水深约为50 m。工区内地震资料信噪比较低,干扰波类型较多,主要有涌浪、电缆和水鸟等产生的随机噪声,线性噪声和船干扰等相干噪声。通过系统分析噪声在振幅、频率方面的特征,以及噪声产生的机制,分别在不同域采用多种压制方法,主要采用分频分时振幅衰减技术去除异常振幅噪声,f-x域相干噪音方法压制低速线性噪声干扰,外部噪音模型法压制高速线性噪声,τ-p域切除法去除直达波干 扰,以及采用fxy域预测误差方法压制船干扰噪声等。通过以上叠前多域去噪技术方法,在尽量不损害有效信号的情况下,对南黄海地震数据的各种噪声进行很好的压制。     

基于线性模型的二维直角坐标变换

二维直角坐标变换模型在工程领域中应用非常广泛,该模型是一个非线性模型,对于多公共点的二维直角坐标变换需要进行模型的线性化,计算待求参数的近似值,再利用间接平差原理计算各待求参数最或然值。本文在非线性模型基础上推导出一个线性模型,利用该模型进行二维直角坐标变换,无需计算待求参数近似值,对于涉及到二维直角坐标变换的问题,可以简化其解算过程。     

System identification of linear structures based on Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis. Part 2: Complex modes

A method, based on the Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis, has been proposed by the authors to identify linear structures in which normal modes exist (i.e., real eigenvalues and eigenvectors). Frequently, all the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of linear structures are complex. In this paper, the method is extended further to identify general linear structures with complex modes using the free vibration response data polluted by noise. Measured response signals are first decomposed into modal responses using the method of Empirical Mode Decomposition with intermittency criteria. Each modal response contains the contribution of a complex conjugate pair of modes with a unique frequency and a damping ratio. Then, each modal response is decomposed in the frequency–time domain to yield instantaneous phase angle and amplitude using the Hilbert transform. Based on a single measurement of the impulse response time history at one appropriate location, the complex eigenvalues of the linear structure can be identified using a simple analysis procedure. When the response time histories are measured at all locations, the proposed methodology is capable of identifying the complex mode shapes as well as the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method presented are illustrated through numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that dynamic characteristics of linear structures with complex modes can be identified effectively using the proposed method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用线状被动标志物向分布估测岩石总体应变的最优化方法

在一些假设下提出了利用线状被动标志物的方向数据估测岩石总体应变的最优化方法。该方法等同地考虑到每个测量数据对应变估计的贡献,从而能够较好地反映出岩石的总体应变。它具有较好的稳健和广泛的适用对象。实验表明,观察数据大约在80个或更少时估测的应变椭圆轴比的相对误差小于20％,超过160个观察数据一般小于5％－10％。     

运营期水下盾构隧道管片接缝张开度变化规律

水下盾构隧道管片间接缝张开度对隧道防水及运营期结构安全有重要影响。以南京扬子江隧道结构健康监测系统中两个典型监测断面的接缝监测数据为基础,通过多元线性回归分析方法分析在两种不同地层组合下接缝张开度随水位、温度变化的规律;并对接缝张开度随水位变化的规律进行了有限元数值模拟,数值模拟结果与回归分析结果吻合较好。上述分析结果表明,纵缝张开度和横缝张开度随水位、温度的变化均呈现较好的线性关系,具体变化趋势如下：当盾构隧道穿越上砂下岩的上透下不透地层时,环内上半部分管片纵缝张开度随水位的增大而增大,受温度影响则相对较小;当盾构隧道穿越砂性全透水地层时,环内管片纵缝张开度随水位的增大而减小,受温度影响也相对较小;环间横缝张开度在上述两种地层下随水位、温度的变化趋势相同,均随水位增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小。     

大型斑岩铜矿的遥感信息探讨

遥感影像解译的不同规模级别的线性构造、不同类型的环形构造和线-环组合类型以及色彩异常影像是寻找斑岩铜矿,特别是大型斑岩铜矿床最有用的遥感标志。1.砂岩铜矿的规模直接与不同规模不同级别的线性构造相联系区域性斑岩铜矿带直接受大型区域线性构造带和它们的汇聚格局控制,这种区域线性构造带多为区域压性壳断裂或超壳断裂,在遥感图像上常显示为浅色带,其长度超过100km,被称为主干边缘线性构造带(处于隆起单元向坳陷单元过渡部位,靠近隆起单元一侧).此外,一系列次级线性构造往往与主干边缘线性构造成一定角度相交,共同形成一种贯通性构造,在遥感图像上也常显示为浅色线;并直接控制斑岩铜矿田的分布和矿床的定位,被称为横向线性构造,长度一般1km-100km,主要包括三种类型(略),均显示张性特征。事实上,与斑岩铜矿有关的蚀变矿化直接受控于更低级别的线性构造(断裂和裂隙),它们常构成统一的环状和放射状断裂、裂隙系统。2.不同组合的多层环形影像是斑岩铜矿的不同呈矿环块构造的映像几乎所有的斑岩铜矿都与环块构造有关,特别是Ⅲ或Ⅳ级环块(直径50km-500km,包括环隆、环陷及褶皱-断裂环块等).它们控制了斑岩铜矿的定位。     

1960-2011年长江流域潜在蒸发量的时空变化特征

以长江流域123个气象站1960-2011年逐日气象数据为基础, 应用Penman-Monteith模型, 在ArcGIS环境下通过IDW插值法、 TFPW-MK、 R/S等方法分析了全流域潜在蒸发量变化的时空变化、 趋势性和持续性, 并探讨了影响潜在蒸发量的主要气象因素.结果表明: 年潜在蒸发量自1960年以来至2002年呈波动减少趋势, 2003-2009年呈显著增加趋势, 整体为增加趋势; 其中, 上游高原区、 上游盆地区、 下游区年潜在蒸发量呈增加趋势, 中游区呈下降趋势, 增幅最大的是上游盆地区.四季中, 春、 夏、 秋季和年潜在蒸发量具有持续性, 未来将持续增加.最低气温、 最高气温是影响长江流域潜在蒸发量增加的主要因子.     

A procedure on ground motion selection and scaling for nonlinear response of simple structural systems

This study presents a ground-motion selection and scaling methodology that preserves the basic seismological features of the scaled records with reduced scatter in the nonlinear structural response. The methodology modifies each strong-motion recording with known fundamental seismological parameters using the estimations of ground-motion prediction equations for a given target hazard level. It provides robust estimations on target building response through scaled ground motions and calculates the dispersion about this target. This alternative procedure is not only useful for record scaling and selection but, upon its further refinement, can also be advantageous for the probabilistic methods that assess the engineering demand parameters for a given target hazard level. Case studies that compare the performance of the proposed procedure with some other record selection and scaling methods suggest its usefulness for building performance assessment and loss models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.