海底入射角对多波束反向散射强度的影响及其改正

综合考虑测船姿态、声线弯曲和海底地形对入射角的影响,推导了计算多波束海底入射角的实用模型。根据Lambert法则,改正海底入射角对反向散射强度的影响。实例计算结果表明,所述模型能精确地计算波束在海底的入射角,有效地改正其对反向散射强度的影响。     

利用光谱角敏感森林的高光谱数据快速匹配方法

提出了一种新的光谱匹配算法——光谱角敏感森林方法。在位置敏感哈希函数算法的基础上引入光谱角度量,并利用新的数据桶检索结构改进了原位置敏感哈希函数算法中部分目标光谱点无法得到匹配光谱的缺陷。理论和实验证明,光谱角敏感森林算法的计算效率较传统高维数据匹配方法有较明显优势。     

离散元微观参数对砂土宏观参数的影响

采用离散元商业软件PFC2D对密砂和松砂试样共进行了66组双轴压缩试验,试验中改变颗粒接触刚度和粒间摩擦系数以探究离散元微观参数对试样宏观参数(弹性模量和内摩擦角)的影响,其中颗粒法向刚度变化范围为1.5×108～1.5×109N.m-1,粒间摩擦系数变化范围为0.1～0.7 N.m-1。结果表明:颗粒接触刚度对弹性模量有一定程度影响且对密样影响程度大于松样,而对内摩擦角基本无影响;粒间摩擦系数对试样弹性模量有明显影响且对松样的影响程度更大,对密样和松样的内摩擦角都有非常显著的影响。     

考虑震源破裂过程的青海玉树地震震动图研究

为了在缺少实时台站数据的情况下,研究震后地表地震动分布,本文尝试通过对震源做出某些约束,以提高震动图的精度.由于青海玉树地震的发震断层近似直立(倾向83°),震源破裂过程在时间和空间上呈明显的分区特征,分别考虑了地表破裂的线源发生模型和主震震级分解方法,用考虑了场地效应的震动图快速生成方法生成震动图.将两种方法生成的震动图与调查烈度比较.结果表明,基于震源破裂过程对主震震级进行分解,综合考虑各子事件生成震动图的方法,对震后的应急决策和灾情的快速评估是可行的.     

Wave separation for the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with regional seismic array

We analyzed the seismic waveforms from the December 26,2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake recorded at broadband seismic stations in western Europe.Previous studies involving of the beam-forming technique and high frequency analysis suggest that the earthquake ruptured with a duration of around 500 s.This very long duration makes P wave overlap with later arrivals such as PP wave,which follows P in about 200 s.Since P waves are crucial for modeling earthquake processes,we propose an iterative method to separate...     

P-G交汇技术在SY地区中的应用

SY地区须家河组二段（下砂）储层类型复杂,各井中均见到砂层,但该砂层储集体有的为高孔隙而有的则致密,在区域平面上表现出分布不均匀的特点。对该段储层预测方法及种类也有较多,但常规叠后反演很难对其进行区分和识别。利用叠前AVO技术,建立储层段的AVO正演模型并采用相应的工作流程,然后利用P-G交汇法对砂岩储层进行解释,发现含气储层与非含气储层的P-G交汇特征不同,砂岩储层含气后则具有交汇趋势线角度增大及远离背境趋势线的特征;而砂岩非储层则相反;其次储层段的P-G交汇点所分布的象限也不相同。通过这些特征,对全区现有钻遇该储层段的钻井进行预测,预测结果和钻井气测情况相吻合,取得了如期效果。     

Contact angles in CO2-water-coal systems at elevated pressures

Injection of carbon dioxide into coal seams is considered to be a potential method for its sequestration away from the atmosphere. However, water present in coals may retard injection: especially if carbon dioxide does not wet the coal as well as water. Thus contact angles in the coal-water-CO₂ system were measured using CO₂ bubbles in water/coal systems at 40 °C and pressures up to 15 MPa using five bituminous coals. At low pressures, in this CO₂/water/coal system, receding contact angles for the coals ranged between 80° to 100°; except for one coal that had both high ash yield and low rank, with a contact angle of 115°, indicating that it was hydrophilic. With increasing pressure, the receding contact angles for the different coals decreased, indicating that they became more CO₂-wetting. The relationship between contact angle and pressure was approximately linear. For low ash or high rank coals, at high pressure the contact angle was reduced to 30-50°, indicating the coals became strongly CO₂-wetting; that is CO₂ fluids will spontaneously penetrate these wet coals. In the case of the coal that was both high ash and hydrophilic, the contact angle did not drop to 90° even at the highest pressures used. These results suggest that CO₂ will not be efficiently adsorbed by all wet coals equally well, even at high pressure. It was found that at high pressures (> 2 MPa) the rate of penetration of carbon dioxide into the coals increased rapidly with decreasing contact angle, independently of pressure. Injecting CO₂ into wet coals that have both low rank and high ash will not trap CO₂ as well as injecting it into high rank or low ash coals.     

非均质地基中平面应变隧道开挖面稳定上限分析

非均质是软黏土地基中比较普遍的现象,而目前隧道开挖面稳定研究中比较成熟的理论主要是针对均质土体。因此,从塑性极限分析上限法的基本原理出发,采用平面应变隧道刚体平动破坏模式(多块体上限法),考虑软黏土地基的非均质性,推导了平面应变隧道极限支护压力关于隧道埋深、土体重度及土体强度的上限公式。通过与其他方法的比较分析,证明了极限分析方法在隧道开挖面稳定性方面的可行性;利用该方法的计算结果详细探讨了隧道开挖面稳定的影响因素;而且由计算结果可知,地基土的非均质性在影响隧道开挖面极限支护压力的同时,也影响着隧道开挖破坏面的位置和形状,为工程实践提供重要的理论依据。     

Influence of Uneven Trace Spacing on Rayleigh Wave Dispersion

Rayleigh wave dispersion signals are significant to underground investigation.Tradition-ally,uniformed trace spacing is employed in surface wave surveys.In some cases,however,uneven trace spacing is often encountered because of the limitations of the site condition.In order to study the influence of uneven trace spacing on the dispersion data construction of Rayleigh waves,data acquisi-tion is performed based on a 2.5D field layout with a linear array of geophones fixed and a mobile source.The observation d...     

舟曲泥石流桩林拦挡结构抗冲压极限分析

以舟曲泥石流灾害防治工程为背景,基于弹塑性有限差分方法计算分析了舟曲泥石流桩林拦挡结构的极限抗冲压能力。针对两种桩林拦挡结构设计方案,采用增量加载的数值计算方法确定了拦挡结构的侧向极限抗冲压力,并与规范建议的泥石流冲击力经验公式计算结果进行了校核。计算结果显示,舟曲泥石流桩林拦挡结构的侧向极限抗冲压力均大于经验公式计算...