Mitigation of Soil Liquefaction Using Stone Columns: An Experimental Investigation

The risk of liquefaction and associated ground deformation may be reduced by using various ground-improvement methods, including the stone column technique. To examine the effects of stone columns, a shaking table experimental study using four models (two containing saturated sand and two containing stone column composite foundations) was conducted to measure the development and dissipation of excess pore water pressure and the acceleration response during a simulated earthquake. The test results demonstrate that the effectiveness of stone columns for mitigation of soil liquefaction during an earthquake depends on the following three aspects: (1) the densification of the surrounding soils; (2) drainage along the stone column; and (3) reduction in the total cyclic shear stress of the soil (because the cyclic shear stress is partially shared by the stone column). The first factor (the densification of the surrounding soils) is the most prominent factor among these three. The drainage and re-distribution of the shear stress can only develop fully for sand ground with a considerably higher density; thus, the effectiveness of the last two factors are only significant for dense sand ground.     

吉林省通化县羊砬子沟花岗岩饰面石材矿床特征及找矿方向

吉林省通化县羊砬子沟花岗岩饰面石材矿赋存于龙头复式花岗岩体中,矿体石质好、储量大,放射性检测结果远小于国际原子能机构的职业辐射防护安全导则剂量值,因此就γ射线而言是安全的。,是石材开发利用的优质品种。该类型矿体赋存具较强的规律性,同时具有固定层位和区域性,在龙头复式岩体过度相的中粒黑云母花岗岩中开展工作是今后的找矿方向。     

鄱阳湖基础地理测量D级GPS网建立方法与探讨

首先简单阐明了测区概况和建立该网的基本情况。介绍了在建网过程中选点和埋设点所采用新方法,同时论述和分析了该网数据处理情况和平差后各项指标精度情况。分析了采用等值线图确定GPS正常高的方法精度情况,并与常规方法作比较得出正确结论。     

Shaking table study on liquefaction behaviour of different saturated sands reinforced by stone columns

Abstract

Liquefaction is a phenomenon developed in loose and saturated layers of sands subjected to dynamic or seismic loading, and often leads to excessive settlement and subsequent failures in structures. Several methods have been proposed to improve soil resistance against liquefaction, among which use of stone columns is one of the most applicable methods. In this research, the effect of stone columns with different geometries and arrangements on the liquefaction behaviour of loose and very loose saturated sands subjected to vibration is investigated using shaking table. Results of the experiments show that when using stone columns in sand layers, the level of maximum settlement is significantly reduced. Further, the presence of stone columns significantly reduces pore water pressure ratio. This further indicates that stone columns have a positive effect and reasonable performance, even in relatively strong earthquakes, provided that the number and cross-section of the columns are sufficient. In addition, stone columns reduce the pore water pressure dissipation time. Moreover, by increasing cross-sectional area and the number of columns, both pore water pressure and settlement decrease. Stone columns in loose sand have a greater effect on the reduction of pore water pressure compared to that of very loose sand.     

泥岩、砂岩石方开挖施工工法的创新与研究

通过新疆小山口水电站基础石方开挖工程实践,对当地泥岩和砂岩地质物理特性进行了深入研究,对其石方开挖工法进行了大胆创新,提出了纯机械法施工工法,分别从工程施工质量、进度、安全和成本等多个方面与传统的钻爆法进行比较,结果表明：新施工工法县有技术先进性和经济合理性,可以在今后的施工中使用和椎广。     

石灰处理路基弱膨胀土的施工质量管理

合肥—六安高速公路工程第一至第二合同段,共有弱膨胀土25×104m3,其性质较差,直接填筑存在工程隐患,但对其进行石灰改良处理后可用于路基填筑,其中经石灰改良之后用于路基的为22×104m3。避免从外借土填筑,直接节省投资300多万元。论文介绍用石灰改良处理弱膨胀土的施工质量管理。     

麦秸秆加筋石灰固化盐渍土的破坏形态分析

土的破坏形态是其受力大小与状态的综合反映,也是其内部结构变化的宏观体现。对比分析了不同养护时间、布筋方式和围压下的盐渍土、麦秸秆加筋盐渍土、石灰固化土、麦秸秆加筋石灰固化土试样的三轴剪切破坏形态。结果显示:①盐渍土和麦秸秆加筋盐渍土均呈塑性破坏。其中,盐渍土呈典型的"鼓胀"破坏;受到加筋的约束,加筋土的横向变形小于盐渍土的。②养护前期,石灰同化土和麦秸秆加筋石灰固化土均呈塑性破坏;养护后期,均呈脆性破坏。麦秸秆加筋石灰同化土的破裂面较石灰固化土的不规则,没有类似石灰同化土的对称性破裂块。③低围压下,加筋土的约束力主要来自筋土间的摩阻力,土的破裂纹形态较高围压下的复杂。高围压下,约束力来自筋土摩阻力和围压的共同作用。④麦秸秆的加筋作用可有效地约束和阻止裂纹的发生和扩展。分区布筋时,土样的破坏主要发生于未加筋部位。麦秸秆和石灰共同加筋固化能有效地提高土的抗变形能力,是改善滨海盐渍土的一种可行的处理方法。     

昌化明矾石石英地鸡血石的宝石矿物学特征

利用宝石学常规手段、偏反光显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪和X荧光光谱仪等测试方法对昌化明矾石石英地鸡血石的宝石矿物学特征进行了较详细的分析。结果发现,该品种鸡血石中的＂地＂主要由明矾石和石英组成,并含少量的黄铁矿和镜铁矿,不含地开石和高岭石。据其透明度、光泽、硬度等特征应归属于＂刚地＂鸡血石,但其矿物组成明显不同于其它含有粘土矿物的昌化＂刚地＂鸡血石。X荧光光谱仪的测试结果显示,样品中含有一定量的Sr和Ba,推测其可能含有少量的天青石-重晶石的类质同象系列矿物。     

四平杏山黄土堆积的粒度特征及成因探讨

对杏山黄土堆积的粒度分析,发现其粒度特征为:①颗粒分选差,主要由粒径φ值>7.61(0.005 mm)的颗粒组成,平均粒径φ值为7.61～8.26(0.005 mm～0.003 mm);②粒级构成:砂44.75%,粉砂31%,黏土24.25%;③频率曲线以单峰态为主,主要为正偏。结合剖面中其它沉积物的特征,推断该剖面黄土在中、晚更新世冰期时堆积,又于间冰期时在水和风的交替作用下形成现在的状态,即为沙丘成因。这一结论为研究本区黄土堆积的成因和本区第四纪气候的变化提供了一些有价值的资料。     

江苏光福瓷石矿矿物岩石特征研究

瓷石是中国传统的陶瓷原料。它是一种主要由石英和绢云母-水云母系列矿物组成,化学成分以富钾、贫铝、高硅、低铁为特征的岩石。江苏省吴县光福瓷石矿库储量巨大,是一个适宜露天开采,在国内外均属罕见的特大型瓷石矿床。