膨胀土掺石灰对土的工程特性影响机制探讨

结合工程实践,通过对南阳膨胀土特性研究,尤其是对2∶8 灰土垫层和原状膨胀土做了对比试验,并探讨了膨胀土掺石灰对土的工程特性的影响机制。     

黄土状盐渍土的工程特点及地基处理方法

黄土状盐渍土在西北地区诸省均有分布。通过工程实例分析，论述了黄土状盐渍土的工程特点，指出了在西部大开发过程中对黄土状盐渍土的勘察设计应该注意的问题，并提出相应的处理方法。     

Coastal Pollution Mitigation with Lime and Zero Valent Iron

The Taiwan Strait region has many miles of coastline, and the Taiwan Straits Tunnel (TST) project faces many potential pollution problems as construction proceeds through sensitive areas. Conventional approaches for pollution mitigation require further examination. The recent development of nanoscale particle technology has shown distinct advantages for contaminant attenuation and ground improvement. This paper is focused on trace metals and is part of the overall effort to develop the nanoscale particle technology. Trace metals in ground and surface waters represent a continued threat to human and ecological health. One of the difficulties in removing toxic concentrations of trace metals from solution is the variable oxidation state and amphoteric nature of multiple constituents. In particular, while cationic metals (e.g., Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺) may be rendered less mobile under high pH conditions, anionic metals (e.g., AsO₄^3-, CrO₄^2-, SeO₄^2-)may become more mobile. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sorption of both cationic and anionic trace elements, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) under batch conditions. Mixtures of a local residual soil were tested alone and in combination with lime and zero valent iron. It was hypothesized that lime would raise the pH and precipitate positively charged metals while zero valent iron would create reducing conditions favorable to the immobilization of negatively charged metals. Results indicate that the use of lime and/or zero valent iron can increase the sorption capacity of soil. Compared to the baseline soil, sorption capacity increased with addition of lime for arsenic and cadmium while it decreased for chromium and selenium. In the case of zero valent iron addition, sorption capacity increased for cadmium, chromium and selenium, while showing no change for arsenic. When both lime and zero valent iron were used, the sorption capacity increased for all metals tested. These results suggest that the combined use of lime and zero valent iron may serve as an alternative treatment technology for removing trace metals from contaminated water systems.     

A Test of Mining Simulations for Phosphorus Adjustment in a Limestone Quarry - Dynamic Programming Compared with a Genetic Algorithm

Limestone quarries where slaked lime is produced for steel makers have been urged to reduce the concentration of phosphorus in their products. In a few quarries in Japan, limestone blocks with low concentrations are blended with limestone blocks with high concentrations to stay below the limit of permitted phosphorus quality. The life of the quarry is extended as long as possible by this blending. Some quarries have a geological database with accurate records of the operations for phosphorus adjustment.However, the combination problem of these blocks typically is addressed by Dynamic Programming; that is, all combinations of possible limestone blocks are examined in the solving process; the combination numbers are so huge that the optimum combination cannot be solved in practical process times. Although it took 8 hours to solve for 600 blocks with a 2GHz high performance personal computer, it would take more than 36 days to approximately solve for 1200 blocks, and 3,378 days are estimated to solve 2,400 blocks. Therefore, a Genetic Algorithm was used to try and work out the optimum combination. First, blocks that can be removed are selected in the quarry and their removal sequence makes the genotype. The Order-base or the Grefenstette method was applied to avoid generating lethal genes in crossover. The fitness value was estimated by the number of products that included less than the permitted concentration of phosphorus.The GA process took less than 3 hours to solve for 1,200 blocks. Because the processing time is almost proportional to the block numbers, this GA method is practical in large quarries. Moreover, this method is easy to apply to other conditions in mining plans, such as environmental protection, noise prevention and eyesore problems. These problems are becoming important factors in quarries near towns in Japan.     

石灰史料初探

我国人工烧制石灰的年代应始于仰韶文化时期 (不晚于 50 0 0aBP) ,龙山文化时期已得到普遍应用。我国古代建筑施工中应用石灰的技术已达到相当完善的程度 ;在利用石灰制烧碱、石灰的烧制技术及其在农业、手工业等行业应用方面 ,我国古代的许多技术均居世界领先地位     

冻融循环对石灰处置粉质黏土静强度影响研究

以吉林－荒岗高速公路沿线的粉质黏土为研究对象,对不同石灰掺入比的土样试件进行0、2、4、6、8、10、12次冻融循环试验。通过室内静三轴试验,研究了冻融循环作用对石灰处置粉质黏土强度的影响。研究结果表明,石灰处置粉质黏土的应力-应变关系曲线呈应变软化型,峰值强度随围压增大而升高,粉质黏土峰值强度降低幅度值比石灰处置粉质黏土峰值强度降低幅度值大,经历4次冻融后应力-应变曲线峰值强度趋于稳定;冻融作用后石灰处置粉质黏土抗剪强度衰减率比粉质黏土的抗剪强度衰减率小,抗剪强度随围压的升高而增大;同一围压条件下石灰处置粉质黏土弹性模量随着冻融次数增加逐渐减小,经历4次冻融后基本趋于稳定。     

生石灰深层搅拌桩加固软土地基机理及应用

讨论生石灰深层搅拌强度形成机理,加固处理软基的有效性和应用条件。该方法具有设备简单、施工方便、工期短、经济效益好等特点。     

冻融作用下水泥及石灰改良土静力特性研究

为扩大季节冻土区高速铁路路基填料的使用范围,对不同冻融次数、冷却温度和围压下水泥及石灰改良土的应力-应变关系、静强度参数和破坏图像进行了研究。试验结果表明,水泥土的应力-应变关系为加工软化型,冻融作用下石灰土的应力-应变关系为加工硬化型;水泥土以脆性破坏为主,而石灰土的破坏形式为塑性破坏;围压对改良土应力-应变关系曲线形式影响不明显,随着围压的增加,改良土的峰值强度增大;改良土的黏聚力随冻融次数的增加而逐渐减小,而内摩擦角与冻融次数的关系无规律可循;冷却温度对改良土黏聚力的影响不明显;反复冻融作用下水泥土的改良效果要优于石灰土。     

A Laboratory model study on the performance of lime pile application for marine soils

In this study, research was conducted to examine the performance of the lime pile application, a deep chemical stabilization method to improve the engineering characteristics of marine soil deposits. By using a laboratory-scale model, the marine soil sample was compacted into soil blocks in circular steel test tanks, with the installation of lime piles in them. An experimental program examined the effect of lime piles on physical and engineering properties of the soil in terms of curing periods and lime pile radial distances. Test results showed that clay fines, linear shrinkage, compressibility, and swelling pressure decreased, while permeability, preconsolidation pressure, and stiffness increased significantly with an increase in curing periods and within a close distance to the lime piles. Also, the electrical resistivity of the treated soils was examined to monitor the changes in their electrical properties. Finally, the correlation between the measured electrical resistivity and swell pressure values of the tested soils at different curing periods suggested that the electrical resistivity values can be used as a monitoring technique for deep chemical treatments of the subsurface soil.     

膨胀土路堤处治效果原位试验研究

介绍了对弱膨胀土路堤采用“膨胀土+石灰土+土工网”分层交错填筑的综合处治方法。通过现场试验测定了不同分层组合填筑结构型式土基的承载力和回弹模量,并分析了二者存在差异的原因。结果表明,采用弱膨胀土-石灰土这种结构作为膨胀土路堤的治理方案和采用弱膨胀土-石灰土-土工这种复合结构型式作膨胀土路堤的包边处理是科学合理的。只要各结构层施工质量能够满足设计要求,采取这种结构形式,一方面可以充分利用沿线的弱膨胀土材料,另一方面又可以充分利用弱膨胀土自身的强度优势,保证路堤的稳定。