Community and Population Responses of the Macroinfauna to Physical Factors over a Range of Exposed Sandy Beaches in South-central Chile

Ten exposed sandy sites covering a range from reflective to dissipative beaches were sampled in south-central Chile to evaluate: (1) spatial changes in species richness, abundance and biomass of the intertidal macroinfauna in response to changes in mean grain size, beach face slope and beach type, and (2) spatial changes in abundance, biomass and body sizes of the most abundant species in response to changes in the physical factors. The number of species, abundance and biomass per beach in general decreased with increasing particle size and beach face slope (steeper beaches) and increased from reflective to dissipative conditions. The best fit for number of species was with Dean's parameter, a measure of beach type, whereas for abundance and biomass the best fits were found with particle size. The isopod Excirolana braziliensis and the anomuran Emerita analoga increased in abundance and biomass towards dissipative conditions, whereas Excirolana hirsuticauda showed the opposite trend in biomass and was significantly larger in beaches with steeper profiles. It is concluded that responses to changes in beach type are more pronounced at community level than within species populations.     

中国近海鱼类生活史型与生态学参数地理变异

根据1985－1986年东海北部近海调查材料及其它有关文献，对43种鱼计74个种群或群体的生活史选择型及其生态参数进行了比较研究。结果表明，分布于我国近海的主要鱼类大多偏于r选择型。对r－K选择鱼种的资源特征及其对捕捞的反应作了阐述。各鱼种的种群生态学参数在种间和空间分布均表现出地理变异。     

Current status of bacteriological parameters and DOC/POC in Xiamen coastal waters

The surface and bottom waters samples were collected from six locations in Xiamen western sea. The quantified estimation of bacterial production (3H-thymidine method) and observation of bacterial heterotrophic activity (14C-glucose method) have been made in order to have a better understanding of the role of marine bacteria and their activities. The results showed that the mean value of bacterial heterotrophic activity was 9×108 cells/(L.h) in the surface waters and 2.6×108 cells/(L.h) in the bottom waters. The mean value of bacterial production was 38×108 cells/(L.h) in the surface waters and 7.1×108 cells/(L.h) in the bottom waters. The relationship between bacterial production, heterotrophic activity, POC and DOC measured during this survey were discussed. The good understanding of the relationship between bacteria activity and total coliform was addressed.     

偏振激光散斑的相关性研究

采用发送一束线偏振激光产生散斑的方法，研究线偏振激光散斑、＂平均椭圆偏振＂激光散斑以及非偏振激光散斑的相关性和精细结构。指出：当漫射器为一片毛玻璃时，散斑激光是线偏振的．其方向与入射激光束相同；当漫射器为涂无光白漆的毛玻璃时，散斑激光是部分或全部退偏的，涂层越厚，退偏越甚。对于强线偏振散斑场，当偏振方向改变时，散斑的精细结构无明显变化，即使是两个正交方向上的散斑图，也保持良好的相关性。对于非偏振散斑场，当照明激光束的偏振方向改变时．散斑精细结构有明显变化。     

黄河口附近海域化学需氧量和石油烃分布及其关键控制环境因子分析

于2009年12月、2010年5月、2011年9月、2013年5月和2014年10月,在黄河口附近海域进行了5个航次调查,研究了该海域的化学需氧量(COD)和石油烃的分布情况以及季节变化。结果表明,COD整体呈冬季低、春季高的趋势,而石油烃无明显季节变化趋势。平面分布上,春季和秋季COD高值主要分布在靠近黄河口海域。春季和冬季石油烃高值主要位于调查海域的东北部区域。相关分析结果表明盐度、温度、pH、悬浮物、溶解氧及磷酸盐是影响COD的主要环境因素,而石油烃主要受盐度、温度、pH、无机氮、磷酸盐的影响。进一步多元回归分析结果表明,p H、盐度和溶解氧是影响COD的关键因子,温度是影响石油烃的关键因子。     

东海XH凹陷烃资源预测──勘探层分析及石油资源专家系统分析

应用勘探层分析及石油资源专家系统对ＸＨ凹陷下第三系勘探目的层的三个勘探层烃资源量作出了综合预测，结果表明，凹陷内各勘探层，尤其是渐新统勘探层，烃资源量相当可观。提出在渐新统内的地层圈闭中可进一步作详细的勘探工作。     

大民屯凹陷地层水水文地质特征与油气聚集关系

对大民屯凹陷前第三系潜山、下第三系沙河街组地层水化学场研究发现，本区油田水总矿化度及二价阳离子浓度偏低，地层水总矿化度具有明显的垂向分带性，水体主要为陆相成因并受地表水渗入的影响较大，变质程度高，油田水的演化与盐类的溶解有关。该区地层水的流动受断裂和沉积砂体的控制，在水头压力、浮力动力场控制下其流动样式和分布规律反映了凹陷内油气的运聚规律，可为本区自生自储、新生古储式油气藏的判别提供有利证据。     

Long-range underwater photography in the deep ocean

Although the optical properties of seawater at extreme depths are more suitable for underwater photography than those at the surface or on continental shelves, they still impose severe limitations on long-range wide area bottom photography. Additionally, deep ocean operations impose technical limitations on control, power and bandwidth. This chapter reviews the approaches contemplated or made towards improving the camerato-target range in underwater photography in the deep ocean. Further significant improvements await advances in control, power/light sources and bandwidth reduction. With the developments now contemplated, TV and video systems will eventually present a strong challenge to emulsion film techniques.     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物的酸解烃

本文研究了南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物的酸解烃分布特征，并佐以热释汞和蚀变碳酸盐的分析。从酸解烃中甲烷含量的低值和Ｃ１／（Ｃ２＋Ｃ３）比值，以及乙烯的存在等判断，布兰斯菲尔德海峡沉积物的烃类气体来自于生物成因。