扬子地块东段大陆岩石圈地幔的物质成分

根据苏皖地区新生代碱性玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的化学成分，讨论了扬子地块东段大陆岩石圈地幔的物质成分。以包体的平均成分代表该区岩石圈地幔的平均成分，依照地幔地球化学演化趋势，估计了该区岩石圈地幔的原始组成。采用最近提出的二辉石地质温度计，计算了包体的平衡温度，讨论了该区岩石圈地幔物质成分在垂向上的分布和变化，上地幔橄榄岩中的玄武质组分在垂向上由上而下亏损程度逐渐减小。包体中稀土元素丰度模式反映了该区岩石圈地幔演化的多阶段性。除了程度不同的部分熔融作用外，局部地段曾有隐性地幔交代作用发生，造成了地幔橄榄岩中主量成分和稀土元素的解耦现象。     

A New Martian Meteorite from Antarctica:Grove Mountains (GRV) 020090

Reported in this paper are the petrology and mineral chemistry of GRV 020090, the second Martian meteorite collected from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica. This meteorite, with a mass of 7.54 g, is completely covered by a black and glazy fusion crust. It has two distinct textural regions. The interstitial region is composed of euhedral grains of olivine, pigeonite, and anhedral interstitial maskelynite, with minor chromite, augite, phosphates and troilite. The poikilitic region consists of three clasts of pyroxenes, each of which has a pigeonite core and an augite rim. A few grains of subhedral to rounded olivine and euhedral chromite are enclosed in the pyroxene oikocrysts. GRV 020090 is classified as a new member of lherzolitic shergottites based on the modal composition and mineral chemistry. This work will shed light on the composition of Martian crust and magmatism on the Mars.     

Spinel to garnet lherzolite transition in relation to high temperature palaeogeotherms,eastern Australia∗

Eastern Australian xenolith suites and lithospheric transition zones are re‐evaluated using new mineral analyses and thermo‐barometry. Some suites, including that defining the southeastern Australian geotherm, are not fully equilibrated. New pressure‐temperature estimates, based on experimental calibrations that allow for Cr and Ti in pyroxenes, differ from earlier results by up to 0.6 GPa and 250°C. The preferred Brey and Köhler 1990 thermo‐barometer indicates a shallower cooler garnet lherzolite transition under Mesozoic New South Wales (50 km depth at 980° C) than for Tertiary Tasmania (60 km depth at 1090°C).

Deviations between palaeogeotherms may reflect: (i) higher temperature gradients for Tasmania and New South Wales (by 100°C/0.1 GPa) related to abnormally hot mantle; (ii) higher temperature gradients linked to more voluminous magmatism, largely Cenozoic in age; and (iii) complex temperature perturbations linked to different levels of magmatic intrusion.

These deviations blur reconstructions of lithospheric assemblages, where temperature is determinable and pressure comes from an assumed geotherm. Potential errors in locating spinel lherzolite and crust‐mantle transition assemblages may reach 15 km in depth. The highest Tertiary geothermal gradients in Tasmania and northeastern New South Wales match those from regions of active lithospheric extension. The young southeastern Australian geotherm is decaying from a higher temperature equilibration, based on experimental work, and Mesozoic New South Wales geotherms trend towards the lower gradients of bounding cratons.     

Lithium isotopic disequilibrium of minerals in the spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Boeun,Korea

Spinel lherzolite xenoliths found in Boeun, Korea, have protogranular to porphyroclastic textures and are enclosed in a Miocene alkali basalt. The lithium concentration and isotopic compositions of olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene separates from the spinel lherzolite, and whole rocks of the spinel lherzolites and alkali basalt were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The lithium concentrations of the olivines and orthopyroxenes range from 2.2 to 5.0 ppm and from 2.1 to 6.4 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the clinopyroxenes have larger lithium concentrations, from 2.0 to 8.4 ppm, which reflect their preferential lithium enrichment. The lithium isotopic compositions (δ⁷Li) of olivines (-5.4 to + 3.5‰), orthopyroxenes (-11.4 to -0.1‰), and clinopyroxenes (-14.4 to -4.7‰) range far beyond the average mantle composition of + 4 ± 2‰. The lithium isotopic composition of the host rock, alkali basalt (3.4‰), is within the range of the intraplate and oceanic island basalts. The spinel lherzolites from Boeun exhibits strong elemental and isotopic disequilibria due to the different lithium and lithium isotope diffusion velocities in the olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene minerals after eruption and magma cooling.     

Ultra-calcic Magmas Generated from Ca-depleted Mantle: an Experimental Study on the Origin of Ankaramites

Ultra-calcic ankaramitic magmas or melt inclusions are ubiquitousin arc, ocean-island and mid-ocean ridge settings. They areprimitive in character (X_Mg > 0·65) and have highCaO contents (>14 wt %) and CaO/Al₂O₃ (>1·1). Experimentson an ankaramite from Epi, Vanuatu arc, demonstrate that itsliquidus surface has only clinopyroxene at pressures of 15 and20 kbar, with X_CO2 in the volatile component from 0 to 0·86.The parental Epi ankaramite is thus not an unfractionated magma.However, forcing the ankaramite experimentally into saturationwith olivine, orthopyroxene and spinel results in more magnesian,ultra-calcic melts with CaO/Al₂O₃ of 1·21–1·58.The experimental melts are not extremely Ca-rich but high inCaO/Al₂O₃ and in MgO (up to 18.5 wt %), and would evolve tohigh-CaO melts through olivine fractionation. Fractionationmodels show that the Epi parent magma can be derived from suchultra-calcic experimental melts through mainly olivine fractionation.We show that the experimental ultra-calcic melts could formthrough low-degree melting of somewhat refractory mantle. Thelatter would have been depleted by previous melt extraction,which increases the CaO/Al₂O₃ in the residue as long as someclinopyroxene remains residual. This finding corrects the commonassumption that ultra-calcic magmas must come from a Ca-richpyroxenite-type source. The temperatures necessary for the generationof ultra-calcic magmas are     

适用于尖晶石相橄榄岩的第一个定量地质压力计

The historic development of the first geobarometer for spinel lherzolite based on the distribution of calcium between existing olivine and clinopyroxene is reported here.
Kohler and Brey(1990) suggested the geobarometer as follows:
P(10⁸Pa)=(−TlnD_Ca−11982+361T)/56.2 for T≥ (1275.25+2.827P) (K),
P(10⁸Pa)=( −TlnD_Ca−5792−1.25T)/42.5 for T≤(1275.25+2.827P) (K).
Based on their calibrated experiments for calcium exchange between olivine and clinopyroxene from wide temperature-pressure range.     

适用于尖晶石相橄榄岩的第一个定量地质压力计

正确测定尖晶石相橄榄岩的Ｔ－Ｐ关系，对于了解岩石圈地幔的许多基本性质和过程具有重要意义。介绍了根据Ｃａ在共存的橄榄石和辉石之间的分配而建立的适用于尖晶石相橄榄岩的第一个定量地质压力计，叙述了该地质压力计的研究历史、现状和使用中的注意事项。     

浙江新昌石榴石二辉橄榄岩包体的流变特征及其地质意义

浙江新昌的石榴石二辉橄榄岩包体以残斑结构为主，并有向粒状变晶结构过渡的趋势。橄榄石组构以［０１０］呈点极密型式，而［１００］和［００１］呈大圆环带为特征。橄榄石的位错亚构造以反映高温位错蠕变的位错壁、亚晶粒构造和滑动位错环为主要特征。利用新的地质温压计计算的平衡温度和压力分别为１１５０℃～１２１０℃和２．１～２．４ＧＰａ。利用显微构造应力计计算流动应力为２２～３０ＭＰａ，利用橄榄岩高温流变律计算的应变速率和等效粘滞度分别为１０－１４～１０－１３ｓ－１和１０１９～１０２０Ｐａ·ｓ，上述数据均已达到软流圈的数值。结合其流变特征认为该区的石榴石二辉橄榄岩代表软流圈的物质，其来源深度为６８～７８ｋｍ。它反映在新生代时期本区存在有软流圈的底辟，它可能控制了该区新生代大地构造的特征及地质演化。     

On the Relationship between Mantle Metasomatism and Partial Melting-Evidence from Mantlederived Lherzolite Xenoliths from Nueshan,China

Studies of the mantle-derived iherzolites from Nushan show that in addition to CO2,there were present H2O and small amounts of CO, CH4, SO2,Cl and F in the initial mantlc fluids derived fron the asthenospheric mantlc plumc .The imitial fluids accumulated in some regions of the mantle, resulting in lowering of the mantle solidus (and liquidus) and partial melting of the upper mantle. Melts formed from low-degree of fluid-involved partial melting of the upper mantle would be highly enriched in incompatible elements.Fluies and melts are allthe metasomatic agents for mantle metasomatism, and the interaction between them and the depleted mantle could result in the substan-tial local enrichment of LREE and incompatible elements in the latter.In case that the concentration of H2O in the fluids (and melts) is lower ,only cryptic metasomatism would occur, in case that the concentration of H2O is higher,the degree of partial melting would be higher and hydrous metasomatic phases(e.g. amphiboles )would nucleate. Under such circumstances, there would occur model metasomatism.     

The Effect of Cr2O3 on the Partial Melting of Spinel Lherzolite in the System CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-Cr2O3 at 1{middle dot}1 GPa

Chromium as Cr³⁺ substitutes for octahedrally coordinated Alin upper-mantle minerals, thereby reducing the activity of Al₂O₃in the system and hence the concentration of Al₂O₃ in partialmelts. The effect of Cr₂O₃ on melt compositions multiply saturatedwith the spinel lherzolite phase assemblage has been quantifiedin the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–Cr₂O₃at 1·1 GPa as a function of 100 Cr/(Cr + Al) in the spinel(Cr#_sp). The decrease of Al₂O₃ in the melt with increasing Cr#_spis accompanied by increasing MgO and SiO₂, whereas CaO remainsalmost constant. Consequently, the CaO/Al₂O₃ ratio of the meltincreases with Cr#_sp, and the melt becomes richer in normativediopside, hypersthene and quartz. The effect may explain certainmantle melts with unusually high CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios. The concentrationof Cr₂O₃ in the melt remains low even at high Cr#_sp, which meansthat the strong effect of Cr₂O₃ on partial melting equilibriais not readily apparent from its concentration in the melt itself.The existence of a highly refractory major component such asCr₂O₃ nullifies simplified conclusions from the ‘inverseapproach’ in the experimental study of basalt petrogenesis,as there is insufficient information in the composition of thepartial melt to reconstruct the conditions of melting. KEY WORDS: basalt petrogenesis; partial melting; reversal experiment; spinel lherzolite; system CMAS–Cr₂O₃; CaO/Al₂O₃ of melt; effect of Cr₂O₃