华北平原下垫面荒漠化和绿化对气候的影响

从大气热力学能量方程,水汽守恒方程以及降水与大气水汽含量和相对湿度的经验关系出发,本文假定大尺度环流不受地表下垫面变化的影响,不考虑大气辐射吸收与水汽和温度的反馈作用,对大气和地表能量过程作参数化处理,建立了一个反映区域年平均温度和降水的变化与地表反射率和波恩比变化之间的关系。计算分析表明,对于线性尺度为550km的华北平原来说,如果地表下垫面从目前状态变成沙漠的话,年平均温度将增加2.14°C,年降水量将减少536.1mm。如果华北平原全部绿化、年平均温度变化不大,年降水量可增加21.2mm。     

佛山市近30年来能见度变化趋势的分析

本文分析了近30年来各季能见度≤4或10km出现时数的变化趋势。结果表明,佛山市能见度呈加速恶化的趋势。能见度的变化趋势与相对湿度关系不大,但与地面风向却有明显的关系。     

Last interglacial sea levels on the south coast of New South Wales

Remnants of the Last Interglacial shoreline occur at Middle Lagoon on the far south coast of New South Wales. Relict beach sediments can be traced to a height of at least +4.8 m and are indicative of a former mean sea level of about +3 m. Thermoluminescence (TL) ages of 126 ± 13 ka and 114 ± 15 ka were determined for beach and aeolian facies respectively. Sands in the lower part of an exposure on the adjacent Gillards Beach gave TL ages of 108 ± 13 ka, but sands in the upper part of that exposure gave an age of 19.9 ± 3.5 ka. This chronological evidence of a stratigraphic unconformity in what was initially taken as pedogenic differentiation at Gillards Beach is supported by contrasting electron traps and colour centres in crystal lattices of quartz grains in these two samples. No tectonic displacement is apparent. This site provides the first evidence of the Last Interglacial sea level for 1000 km along the coast between Gippsland and Newcastle.     

浅议我国北方地区的沙漠化问题

本文根据作者在我国沙漠地区的多年研究工作,对沙漠化的概念含义、我国沙漠化的成因和沙漠化现状等问题提出了看法。     

北京地区臭氧垂直分布的演变趋势与特征的研究——卫星SBUV资料与地面遥感对比分析

利用地面遥感O₃垂直分布的逆转方法〈C〉测量出的北京上空O₃剖面资料,对雨云7号卫星的SBUV系统测量的同地区的O₃垂直分布数据进行了订正.对订正后的长达8年（1979-1986年）的完整的SBUV资料进行了较为仔细的分析,得出了这一时期内的O₃垂直分布长期演变呈下降趋势.并在上层O₃含量的季节变化特征和周期振荡等方面,有新的发现,得出一些有意义的结果.     

Assessment of the sensitivity of the landscape in a sample area in Hungary for climatic variability

In the northeastern part of Hungary near the township of Tokaj a landscape research project has been performed in a 9 km² area. The aim of this study is to examine the possibilities of expressing the climatic sensitivity of the given small landscape unit by analysing the capabilities of such a small sample area and synthésizing the data obtained. The landscape analysis consisted of field and laboratory measurements, theoretical calculations, analyses of maps, as well as the construction of thematic maps (on the scale of 1:10000) and cartograms. In view of climatic sensitivity four of the landscape factors were regarded as crucial: (1) the water budget of the soils, (2) the thickness of the soils and loose sediments, (3) insolation, and (4) land use. By synthesis of these factors a five-grade climatic sensitivity map was produced. On the basis of the areal proportion of the different classes of sensitivity it was established that the study area is moderately sensitive to climate. Examination of the moisture content of soil clearly indicated different responses of the areas from the different sensitivity classes to changes in temperature and precipitation. The four main landscape factors selected proved to be useful in the rough delineation of the classes on the climatic sensitivity map. However, the use of the other landscape factors improved its accuracy.     

航空像片在活断层研究中的应用

航片判读活断层的依据是断层地形学。航片判读活断层的关键是找出变位地形。变位地形是指由构造作用形成,非自然侵蚀作用所能形成的地形。航片判读变位地形的可信度分为三类。垂河向陡坎、背河向陡坎及反坡向陡坎被认为是可信度工的第四纪活动的变位地形。判读走滑断层的变位方向及变位量,需注意地貌面上的线性地物。利用不同变位基准的不同变位量可判读断层活动期次。本文通过中日航片判读活断层的14个实例,对变位地形的识别予以说明     

应用MSS数字图像处理进行森林资源动态监测的探讨

本文探讨了应用多时相Landsat Mss图像进行森林动态监测的方法。研究了差值图像法、比值植被指数差值法、归一化植被指数差值法、多时相主分量分析法(垂直植被指数法)和分类比较法对提取森林动态变化信息的作用。结果表明,3种植被指数法都能较好地提取植被动态信息,可用于森林面积消长的动态监测。     

近30年来中国气候的干湿变化

本文利用1951—1980年的月平均温度,计算了中国各地水分需要量。根据水分需要量和降水量大小,将我国划分成潮湿、湿润、半湿润、半干燥和干燥5类气候区;并对这5个气候区1950年前后各30年时段的气候干湿状况进行讨论;此外还对影响气候干湿变化的重要因子,我国近30年来的降水进行了分析。 近3O多年来,各气候区的降水及气候状况呈现了不同的变化:潮湿和湿润气候区50年代降水较多,60年代降水偏少,70年代降水呈多变态;半湿润和半干燥气候区50年代至60年代中期为多雨时段,1965年始,降水偏少,处于少雨阶段,     

Investigation on the relation between the gravity anomaly，crustal deformation and underground water

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