东北地区地域组织创新研究

目前，尚无对地域组织及其创新内涵的统一认识。作者认为，地域组织创新是一个地域制度创新的必然产物，也是我国地方经济发展的客观要求。本文在对地域组织创新的基本认识基础上，总结与评述了建国后东北地区地域组织的发展历程与创新形式，分析了东北地区在地域组织创新中存在的关键性问题与障碍因素，最后对东北地区地域组织创新的宏观背景与基本依据进行了探讨，提出了东北地区未来地域组织的创新方向与形式。     

在华外商投资R＆D中心建设与中国经济发展关系研究

外商投资R&D中心建设是我国地区综合竞争力和能力建设的重要环节之一,也是国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分。本文通过对在华外商投资R&D中心建设的发展态势和特点及外商投资R&D中心建设与我国地区综合竞争力和科技创新体系建设的关系分析,就外商投资R&D中心建设对我国经济发展的促进作用作了详细探讨。     

提高农村城镇化质量的若干思考

文章论述了农村城镇化质量的提高与农村经济的发展密切相关。经济兴旺,城镇才能兴旺;经济水平提高,城镇化质量才能提高。同时,要以人为本,完善城镇体系规划和镇区规划,构建农村城镇化质量测评指标体系,创建农村社会保障制度。     

香港房地产业发展现状及趋势

考察香港经济发展的历史过程,文章将其房地产业的发展划分为起步、升温、繁荣与低迷4个阶段;分析了香港房地产业在经济中占据的地位、房地产的重点开发地区、主要开发类型等特点;探讨了影响房地产发展的经济因素、人口因素以及外部环境因素,并预测了房地产业未来的发展趋势:私人住宅和商业楼宇仍将是香港房地产业消费热点,环境优美的地区仍是投资热点地区,房产价格近期内难以上扬。     

A hybrid genetic—instance based learning algorithm for CE-QUAL-W2 calibration

This paper presents a calibration model for CE-QUAL-W2. CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional (2D) longitudinal/vertical hydrodynamic and water quality model for surface water bodies, modeling eutrophication processes such as temperature–nutrient–algae–dissolved oxygen–organic matter and sediment relationships. The proposed methodology is a combination of a ‘hurdle-race’ and a hybrid Genetic-k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (GA-kNN). The ‘hurdle race’ is formulated for accepting–rejecting a proposed set of parameters during a CE-QUAL-W2 simulation; the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (kNN)—for approximating the objective function response surface; and the Genetic Algorithm (GA)—for linking both. The proposed methodology overcomes the high, non-applicable, computational efforts required if a conventional calibration search technique was used, while retaining the quality of the final calibration results. Base runs and sensitivity analysis are demonstrated on two example applications: a synthetic hypothetical example calibrated for temperature, serving for tuning the GA-kNN parameters; and the Lower Columbia Slough case study in Oregon US calibrated for temperature and dissolved oxygen. The GA-kNN algorithm was found to be robust and reliable, producing similar results to those of a pure GA, while reducing running times and computational efforts significantly, and adding additional insights and flexibilities to the calibration process.     

Making autonomous geographies: Argentina’s popular uprising and the ‘Movimiento de Trabajadores Desocupados’ (Unemployed Workers Movement)

This paper addresses the idea of autonomy—the desire for freedom, self-organisation and mutual aid. Through challenging economic neoliberalism, state repression, a powerful transnational elite, and the commodification of nature and resources, many communities, especially in the global south, are trying to manage their own affairs. Using the example of the Movement of Unemployed Workers (El Movimiento de Trabajadores Desocupados) in Argentina, I explore the idea of autonomous geographies and how they are made and remade at three overlapping levels: the territorial, through the emergence of networked autonomous neighbourhoods which are selectively open and closed to translocal links; the material, through the development of a solidarity economy where immediate needs are met and work is redefined, and; the social, where collective action and daily practice helps constitute more collective, autonomous forms of social interactions. In their desire to manage connections with the outside world while at the same time inspire autonomous place projects elsewhere, the MTDs represent both a ‘militant localism’ and ‘militant pluriversalism’. Moreover, while such experiments in making and embedding ‘autonomous geographies’ face limits and have few widespread examples on which to draw, it is through constant questioning and collective struggle at the everyday level that autonomy is made real.     

There’s nothing inherent about scale: political ecology, the local trap, and the politics of development in the Brazilian Amazon

This paper argues that research in political ecology would benefit from more explicit and careful attention to the question of scale and scalar politics. Although political ecologists have extensively considered scale as a methodological question, they have yet to develop an explicit theoretical approach to scale as an object of inquiry. We highlight one principal drawback to this underdeveloped approach to scale: what we call “the local trap” in which political ecologists assume that organization, policies, and action at the local scale are inherently more likely to have desired social and ecological effects than activities organized at other scales. Over the past 10 years or so, an increasingly sophisticated literature on scale has been developing among scholars in geography working in the political economy tradition. This literature has argued that scale is socially produced rather than ontologically given. Therefore, there is nothing inherent about any scale, and so the local scale cannot be intrinsically more desirable than other scales. We suggest that a greater engagement with this scale literature offers political ecology a theoretical way out of the local trap. As a first approximation of the kind of scalar analysis we advocate, we present a case study that examines the scalar politics that have shaped environmental change in the Brazilian Amazon.     

新经济时代中国大都市的郊区化机制探讨--兼与美国郊区化的比较

中国大都市的郊区化是在新经济、全球化的背景下进行的，传统的经典郊区化因素和新经济因素都在起作用，新经济对郊区化的作用愈来愈显著。文章结合与美国郊区化的比较，对新经济下中国的大都市郊区化机制进行了探讨，认为在新经济等多重因素推动下，中国大都市郊区化的推力增强，推动了郊区化加速发展，需要政府部门高度关注这一问题，并对出现的问题采取有力的应对措施。     

Modeling endogenous learning and imperfect competition effects in climate change economics

In this two-part paper we evaluate the effect of “endogenizing” technological learning and strategic behavior of agents in economic models used to assess climate change policies. In the first part we show the potential impact of R&D policies or demonstration and deployment (D&D) programs in the context of stringent stabilization scenarios. In the second part we show how game-theoretic methods can be implemented in climate change economic models to take into account three types of strategic interactions: (i) the market power of the countries benefiting from very low abatement costs on international markets for CO₂ emissions, (ii) the strategic behavior of governments in the domestic allocation of CO₂ emissions quotas, and (iii) the non-cooperative behavior of countries and regions in the burden sharing of CO₂ concentration stabilization. The two topics of endogenous learning and game-theoretic approach to economic modeling are two manifestations of the need to take into account the strategic behavior of agents in the evaluation of climate change policies. In the first case an R&D policy or a demonstration and deployment (D&D) program are put in place in order to attain a cost reduction through the learning effect; in the second case the agents (countries) reply optimally to the actions decided by the other agents by exploiting their strategic advantages. Simulations based on integrated assessment models illustrate the approaches. These studies have been conducted under the Swiss NCCR-Climate program.