基于众包数据的室内定位方法和平台

随着WLAN的普及,基于Wi-Fi的室内定位方法逐渐成为研究与应用的热点。虽然,其中基于位置指纹的定位算法研究相对广泛,应用效果较好,然而现有的指纹定位方法或系统仍存在以下3个问题：① 离线阶段的数据标定和定位模型的训练需要耗费大量人力物力,以及时间消耗,使系统很难得到实际应用;② 真实环境中WLAN信号波动呈现高动态性,采集的数据存在显著的时效性,无法提供长时间的有效定位保证;③ 实际环境中AP设备变动频繁,导致训练数据与定位数据特征维度不等长,造成模型失效。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于众包数据的模型更新方法,通过不断融合增量数据,使定位模型保持实时有效。该方法主要包括半监督极速学习机(SELM)、具有时效机制的增量式定位方法(TMELM)和特征自适应的在线极速学习机(FA-OSELM)3部分。基于上述方法,本文设计并实现了基于众包数据的室内定位平台系统。实际应用表明,本文提出的方法能够显著降低模型训练阶段的数据采集工作量,有效提升模型训练速度,并且长时间保持较高的定位精度。     

The Circular Economic Development Level of Beijing’s Service Sector Based on AHP Modeling

As a mega-city constrained by resources and the environment, Beijing has developed a leading service sector, and it is necessary to evaluate the service sector circular economy in this major global city. Here, we establish an indicator system including internal subsystem (economic production, resources consumption, waste emissions, and waste recycling), external subsystem (industry correlation) and mutualistic subsystem (society development), and use AHP modeling to evaluate the period from 2000 to 2013. We found that the development of the service sector circular economy in Beijing experienced an increase from 2000 to 2008, then a decrease from 2009 to 2013. This change mainly resulted from the decrease in Beijing’s GDP following the international financial crisis in 2008. The internal subsystem greatly influences the service sector circular economy:synthetic weight of economic production, resource consumption, waste emissions and waste recycling was 0.367,0.136,0.136 and 0.075, respectively. Within the external subsystem, industrial correlation has a weak connection with Beijing’s service sector circular economy with asynthetic weight of 0.143, this result illustrates that the development of the service sector circular economy has an intimate relationship with other cities or provinces around Beijing, such as Tianjin and Hebei. As are presentative of the mutualistic subsystem, society development has a positive nexus with the service sector circular economy with asynthetic weight of 0.143, proving that the development of the service sector circular economy can improve the service sector employment ratio in Beijing. We conclude with some suggestions on how to develop the service sector circular economy in Beijing.     

贵州煤田地质局技术队伍建设问题探讨

目前地质市场由计划经济转化为市场经济,市场的竞争究其本质是人才竞争。因此应该采取科学合理的技术人才资源管理方法和管理体制,以整体和局部、近期和长远为目标进行有计划、有步骤的技术队伍建设,注重从才培养,激励地质技术人员专业技能的提高,采用倾斜政策留住人才、招纳人才,只有这样贵州煤田地质局才能在不久的将来拥有一支精干、高效的地质专业技术队伍,确保全局乃至二级单位适应煤田地质市场的需要,保证全局科学、和谐健康有序的发展。     

兴文世界地质公园的旅游循环经济模式探讨

随着旅游经济的飞速发展,旅游环境问题日趋严重。本文将循环经济的新理念引入到兴文世界地质公园的旅游中,可构建旅游循环经济的新型发展模式。在兴文旅游循环经济中形成三大循环:旅游小循环——四大景区内部的旅游资源的循环利用;旅游中循环——旅游业与其他产业部门之间的循环,组织生态产业链联结不同的产业部门,形成共享资源和互换副产品的产业组合;旅游大循环——整个社会的循环,大力发展绿色消费市场和资源回收产业,完成"旅游资源——旅游产品——旅游再生资源"的闭合环路。这三种旅游循环模式的整合使整个兴文县经济、社会及环境相互协调,从而实现旅游资源的循环利用和旅游环境的可持续发展。     

Thule Fishing Revisited: The Economic Importance of Fish at the Pembroke and Bell Sites,Victoria Island,Nunavut

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):261–278, 2010

In a comprehensive overview of evidence for fishing in the Thule period of the eastern North American Arctic, Whitridge (2001) noted that fish bones are either extremely rare or absent in archaeofaunal samples, despite the fact that artifact assemblages typically contain a variety of fishing implements. In this paper, we present new faunal data from two sites on southeastern Victoria Island, Nunavut, which offer a marked contrast to this pattern. The Pembroke site, located just north of Cambridge Bay, is a small Thule site probably occupied during an early migration into the region. The Bell site, located on the Ekalluk River, is a more substantial site, occupied for a much longer duration during the Thule period. These sites are located in areas devoid of many taxa preferred by Thule peoples, which led the sites' occupants to rely on caribou and fish for much of their winter subsistence. At the Bell site, storage of caribou and fish was critical for winter survival. However, the occupants of the Pembroke site appear to have been unable to acquire sufficient stores during the fall, and therefore relied on fishing through the ice during winter to supplement their inadequate stores. Although both sites indicate a more important economic role for fish than has been recorded on any other eastern Arctic Thule winter site, the use of fish at the two sites differs markedly, adding nuance to archaeologically known Thule subsistence patterns.     

Introduction: Racialized Poverty in U.S. Cities: Toward a Refined Racial Economy Perspective

This discussion hones and refines one conceptual orientation in geography and urban studies increasingly used to understand racialized poverty and marginalization in U.S. cities: racial economy. The article illuminates two aspects of this perspective, as an ongoing ontological project with six dominant features and as a base of epistemological understandings about contemporary racialized realities in current U.S. cities and society. This discussion shows racial economy to be still developing and in need of deeper theorizing.     

Developing the Commons: The Contradictions of Growth in Exurban Montana

Property development in exurban areas has the capacity to undermine the amenity values that undergird that development. Predicated on that contradiction, this research seeks to explain the emergence of local, informal, planning-based regulations in the traditionally antiregulatory context of rural Montana. Adopting both the insights of institutional common property theory and those of critical materialist analysis of economic growth, the work reconciles accounts of development as inherently ecologically self-destructive with those stressing creative development and adoption of rules for collective self-governance. Using a detailed case analysis of a Montana county undergoing rapid growth, it examines what drives localized land use regulation, what controls are enacted, and whether such controls are resisted or facilitated by development capital. Findings suggest that informal regulations seek to control externalities of development on valuable amenity commons and that they are adopted with the acceptance, if not encouragement, of the development community. These fragile instruments are vulnerable to opposition, however, highlighting problems of more general relevance: Growth depends on a deregulated development regime, which produces externalities that undermine the valorization of property. Localized regulatory planning regimes are therefore both a solution to contradictions inherent in growth and a potential source of future planning problems.     

地方城市的人口回流与移民战略——基于深圳-驻马店的调查研究

改革开放30 多年来,沿海大都市和内陆地方城市之间的发展差距不断拉大,其中人口流动是重要动因。因此,如何吸引人口回流,留住本地人才,是内陆地方城市未来发展的关键。在此背景下,以驻马店为案例地,通过实地调研和问卷访谈,探讨了在深圳市的驻马店籍人口的回流意愿,以及当前驻马店的人口回流状况,并重点对回流创业者与回流购房者的回流动因、地域选择、就业动向及预期等进行了调查分析。研究表明,以驻马店为代表的地方城市已出现了以U-turn 与I-turn 为主的人口回流现象,且回流人口大都从事或打算从事与之前就业行业相关的创业活动。已发现有两种主动回流类型,即创业回流和购房回流。其中,购房回流也可看作是创业回流的前奏,二者可理解为同一回流过程的两个阶段。如果地方政府能够做出积极的政策引导,回流人口及其带动的返乡经济可望成为地方城市摆脱发展困境的一个新战略。     

A Review of: “Applications of Spatial Data Structures: Computer Graphics,Image Processing,and GIS”. By H. SAMET. (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc, 1989.) [Pp. xv + 507; figures,tables, appendix,references, name and credit index,subject index.] Price US $49.95. ISBN 020150300 X (hardback).

The introduction of automated generalisation procedures in map production systems requires that generalisation systems are capable of processing large amounts of map data in acceptable time and that cartographic quality is similar to traditional map products. With respect to these requirements, we examine two complementary approaches that should improve generalisation systems currently in use by national topographic mapping agencies. Our focus is particularly on self‐evaluating systems, taking as an example those systems that build on the multi‐agent paradigm. The first approach aims to improve the cartographic quality by utilising cartographic expert knowledge relating to spatial context. More specifically, we introduce expert rules for the selection of generalisation operations based on a classification of buildings into five urban structure types, including inner city, urban, suburban, rural, and industrial and commercial areas. The second approach aims to utilise machine learning techniques to extract heuristics that allow us to reduce the search space and hence the time in which a good cartographical solution is reached. Both approaches are tested individually and in combination for the generalisation of buildings from map scale 1:5000 to the target map scale of 1:25 000. Our experiments show improvements in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. We provide evidence that both approaches complement each other and that a combination of expert and machine learnt rules give better results than the individual approaches. Both approaches are sufficiently general to be applicable to other forms of self‐evaluating, constraint‐based systems than multi‐agent systems, and to other feature classes than buildings. Problems have been identified resulting from difficulties to formalise cartographic quality by means of constraints for the control of the generalisation process.     

江苏县域经济要素关系及演化过程的分位数回归

针对经典回归模型的“两难问题”,引入非参数的分位数回归构建了要素关系模型,并以江苏县域经济为案例分析.结果表明:1)相比OLS回归,分位数回归对县域经济总体模拟效果和刻画演化特征能力更优;2)根据变量关系结构,将县域经济发展驱动机制划分为产业结构占优型、一般均衡驱动型和高效均衡驱动型;3)苏锡常各县市受因子波动影响而使得驱动机制发生改变导致演化过程的分位点跃迁,表现出发展路径选择具有多样化的特点.