Behaviours of REE and Other Trace Elements During Pedological Weathering-Evidence from Chemical Leaching of Loess and Palaeosol from the Luochuan Section in Central China

The chemical leaching method is used for a systematic analysis of distribution characteristics of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble REE and other trace elements from the Luochuan loess deposits. The study shows that the acid-insoluble phase in loess and palaeosol is a stable component of old aeolian dusts and is characteristic of the provenance; the acid-soluble phase is the unstable component in the weathering pedogenic process and reflects rock-forming features after accumulation of aeolian dusts. The acid-insoluble REE and acid-soluble Sr and Pb can be used as geochemical indicators respectively to trace the provenance characteristics and the weathering pedogenic process.     

镍钼在黑色岩系中富集成因的实验研究

对湘西和黔北早寒武世含Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ等多金属黑色岩系进行了淋滤实验。实验分别模拟了普通雨水、富ＣＯ２气雨水及酸性雨水三种不同淋滤条件。实验表明，黑色岩系中Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｖ等元素是比较容易被淋滤出的，尤其是在酸性雨水条件下，它们的带出强度最大。本实验为镍钼富集层的成因及寻找类似的矿床提供了依据。＊据（１９６２）。图３实验样品在不同雨水淋滤条件下各个元素带出强度的比较Ｆｉｇ．３Ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈａｔｔｈｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｓａｍｐｌｅｓｉｓｌｅａｃｋｅｄｏｕｔｂｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｒａｉｎｗａｔｅｒｓ从图３上可以看出，不同元素的带出强度有着明显的差别。例如带出强度最大的钼与其最小的铝可以相差４～５个数量级。现代空气雨水与饱含ＣＯ２气的雨水对样品淋滤强度的图形基本相似，也就是它们对各种元素的带出强度是相似的。而酸性度很大的雨水则明显地增强了多数元素的带出强度。值得注意的是钼在上述实验的任何条件下都能被强烈的带出，这是因为在表生条件的氧化作用下，Ｍｏ４＋可氧化为Ｍｏ６＋，形成溶解度较高的钼酸或钼酸盐，在溶液中搬运或呈胶体形式迁移，而在还原条件下，在有机质及铁硫化物大量存?     

低温条件下有机酸对铁、铜的淋滤实验研究

水／岩作用实验研究表明，在低温条件下柠檬酸、草酸和酒石酸对岩石中的铁、铜都有很高的淋滤率。这表明，在表生地质作用过程中有机酸对成矿元素有很强的活化能力。实验研究同时发现，有机酸对成矿元素的活化能力受其分解温度的限制，由于大部分有机酸的分解温度都在２５０℃以下，因而有机酸对成矿元素的活化仅限于低温条件。本次研究还显示，判断一种岩石能否成为矿源层，不能简单的以其中成矿元素的含量高低作为标准，其中更关键的因素是元素在岩石中的存在形式，如果成矿元素在岩石中难以活化的形式存在，那么含量再高也无法提供成矿物质     

512铀矿床地浸条件及技术经济评价

本文应用铀矿普查及地浸试验中获取的资料，对５１２矿床地质构造、矿石物质成份、矿床水文地质、工程地质及自然经济地理等地浸条件及矿床技术经济条件进行了分析评价，认为５１２矿床地浸条件较好，地浸技术指标适中，用酸法地浸开采具有耗酸量少、成本低、经济效益好的特点。在今后的开采中，若能解决伴生元素Ｒｅ，Ｓｅ，Ｍｏ的综合利用问题，将会大大提高矿床的经济价值。     

砂岩型铀矿地浸过程中的溶质迁移机理

讨论了“溶质迁移、溶质迁移面和特征性溶质迁移面”的概念，以及研究溶质迁移的方法和实例。在对381砂岩型铀矿床进行地浸模拟试验的基础上，应用以上概念和方法，对地浸过程中的溶质迁移过程进行了讨论，探讨了地浸过程的机理和发生的水文地球化学作用，总结了溶浸试验过程中的溶质迁移分带。在以上溶质迁移机理研究的基础上．论证了地浸地质工艺参数。地浸过程中分带的研究清楚地显示了浸铀的发展过程及其在各个时期各个地段铀浸出作用的进展程度。     

Oxidation of As-bearing gold ore—a comparison of batch and column experiments

This study deals with the experimental determination of the rate of weathering and As release from Au-bearing sulfide ores of the Mokrsko-West deposit (Czech Republic). The elevated As contents in the ore and the possible As mobilisation must be taken into account due to the close proximity of the deposit to the Vltava River, a source of drinking water for Prague. Crushed and homogenized ore material was divided into four grain-size fractions showing uniform chemical and mineralogical composition and subjected to batch and column leaching experiments. The most important reactions controlling metal leaching include (i) oxidation of sulfides, (ii) carbonate equilibrium and (iii) precipitation of hydrated ferric oxides (HFO). Hydrated ferric oxides were found to be important sorbents of mobilized As. The highest concentration of As in the leachates was obtained from the 64–1000 μm fraction. The oxidation rate in the agitated batch experiment calculated on the basis of sulfate concentrations is an order of magnitude higher (3.8×10⁻⁹ to 4.4×10⁻⁸ mol SO₄²⁻ h⁻¹ g⁻¹) than in the static column experiment (9.6×10⁻¹⁰ to 7.4×10⁻⁹ mol SO₄²⁻ h⁻¹ g⁻¹). The higher oxidation rate of batch experiments is explained by abrasion of oxidation products (mainly HFO) and by further exposition of reaction surfaces of the sulfide grains.     

Temperature and pH Dependence of Some Metals Leaching from Fly Ash of Municipal Solid Waste

Abstract. Municipal solid waste combustion leads to concentration of various metals in the solid residue (fly ash) remaining after combustion. These metals pose serious environmental hazard and require proper handling and monitoring in order to control their harmful effects. Leachability of some metals from fly ash was examined in fly ash and Milli-Q water mixture (liquid-to-solid ratio, 100) under various temperature and pH conditions in the laboratory. The leaching experiments conducted for 24 hours showed that pH was generally more important than temperature in controlling the amount of metals leached out of the fly ash. However, at a given pH, rise in temperature led to different degree of (usually one to two fold) enhanced or reduced leaching of metals. Owing to amphoteric nature of oxides of Al, Cr, Pb and Zn, these metals often yielded typical pattern of increase and decrease in their concentrations with change in pH. The extent of leaching of Cr and Pb in our experiments suggests that decrease of pH to acidic range in the case of Pb and to neutral to acidic range for Cr over a long period of storage of fly ash at solid waste dumping site may facilitate leaching of these metals from fly ash, leading to contamination of groundwater to the level that exceeds beyond the level permitted by the environmental laws.     

A numerical study of mechanical behavior of a cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching

Based on relevant experimental data of a petroleum cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching, an elastic‐plastic model is first proposed by taking into account plastic shearing and pore collapse. The degradation of mechanical properties induced by the chemical leaching is characterized by a chemical damage variable which is defined as the increase of porosity. Both elastic and plastic properties of the cement paste are affected by the chemical damage. The proposed model is calibrated from and applied to describe mechanical responses in triaxial compression tests respectively on sound and fully leached samples. In the second part, a phenomenological chemical model is defined to establish the relationship between porosity change and calcium dissolution process. The dissolution kinetics is governed by a diffusion law taking into account the variation of diffusion coefficient with calcium concentration. The chemical model is coupled with the mechanical model, and both are applied to describe mechanical response of cement paste samples subjected to progressive chemical leaching and compressive stresses. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical results are presented.     

原地栖息真菌Talaromyces flavus作用下不同粒径利蛇纹石的风化作用研究

主要研究了原地栖息真菌Talaromyces flavus作用下不同粒径的蛇纹石矿物粉末的风化作用。蛇纹石矿物粉末被筛分为不同粒度的4组(150~300、100~150、75~100和45~75μm)后进行真菌溶蚀实验,并使用p H计、ICP-OES、FTIR、XRD、SEM对反应产物进行了分析。结果表明,真菌作用显著加快了蛇纹石矿物的溶蚀,当蛇纹石矿物粒度降低到100μm左右时,Mg的溶出率从21.56%明显增加到35.91%。该现象可能与矿物比表面积的增大以及生物物理作用的增强有关。在此基础上粒径进一步减小并未使Mg溶出率明显提高,因此该粒径可以作为真菌对蛇纹石溶解工业化应用的最优粒径。扫描电镜观察与矿物相分析表明,反应过程中真菌分化产生的菌丝与矿物紧密接触,破坏了矿物的晶体结构,导致矿物相的改变。该研究结果可为相关菌种在浸矿等工业领域上的应用提供参考依据。     

沂源地区不同类型岩土淋溶水与浸泡水的化学特征分析

为研究降水补给地下水过程中包气带岩土对水化学的影响,在沂源地区采集了不同地表岩土样品开展淋溶和浸泡试验。淋溶结果显示:易溶的Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、NO_2~-、NO_3~-等阴离子率先溶解进入淋溶水中,之后K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Fe等含量逐渐增加,且淋溶初期p H值呈碱性,之后向中性过渡。浸泡结果显示:不同类型岩土样经过浸泡5min后,其水化学组分发生了显著变化;随浸泡时间增加,K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-及含盐量均出现不同程度增加,但Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)在不同类型岩土中含量变化则是不同的。由此推测,降水转入地下水过程中,透过地表浅层包气带时就已经淋溶了大量物质,水化学性质发生了重大变化。